dutch government water management
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Watermanagement in the Netherlands Past, Present
and Future
Ruud Staverman Rijkswaterstaat
The Netherlands:The Netherlands:Population: Population: 16 million inhabitantsArea: 41.526 km2
The Netherlands:The Netherlands:Population: Population: 16 million inhabitants Area: 41.526 km2 = US States Vermont + New Hampshire (1.8 million)
7000 Bc 5500 Bc
Precipitation and Precipitation and evapotranspirationevapotranspiration
DUITSLAND
OOSTENRIJK
ZW ITSERLAND
FRANKRIJK
BELGIE
LUX EM B URG
ITALIE
Saar
L
Legenda
R ijn
M aas
S ch elde
E em s
an de re
Kaartvervaardig ing: Rijkswaterstaat, Meetkundige Dienst © 1998
Leda
Hase
Eems
Dalke
Lippe
Maas
Maas
Maas
Rijn
Rijn
Rijn
Rijn
IJssel
Vecht
Rurh
Sieg
Moezel
Moezel
Nahe
Lahn
Main
Neckar
Meurthe
Ill
Aare
Sambre
Schelde
Schelde
Leie
The Netherlands:
a Delta of 4 international rivers
Past: A constant fight against the water
Amsterdam Haarlem
St Elisabeth flood of 1421
Alblasserwaard
Reclamation in the 17th Century
Drainage by windmills
Several floods
Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Watermanagement
Landreclamation in the 20th century
Storm disaster of February 1st, 1953
Flooded area in 1953, 1800 casualties
FLOODED
The Deltaworks
Maeslantkering
Present: the Vulnerability for flooding
the “(pair of) scissors”: Subsidence and Sea level rise
Past Present, Future
Will this be the future?Dike
Increase of water discharge
Water level compared to the surface level
Soil subsidence
= Zero level
Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Watermanagement
Present and future: Urban development, the need for housing
What future to anticipate on?
Sea level rise:• 2050: + 0.4 m• 2100: + 0.65 - 1.30 m• 2200: + 2 - 4 m
Climate change (1):
• Seawater expands + ice melts: sealevel rises
• Period of heavy rainfall: damage• Rivers discharge more water in the winter
period
Result: Increase risks of flooding
Climate change (2)
• Extreme droughts in summer: damage in agriculture, low waters: inland navigation, and additional soil subsidence
• Salt intrusion from the sea:– Problems with intake of drinking water– Damage for agriculture and industries
• Higher temperature of riverwater: Cooling problems for power plants
Future River discharges:Summer:
1700 m3/s
700 m3/s in 2100
Winter:
16.000 m3/s 18.000 m3/s in
2100
R 3 29 4 E 0 00 41 8 n
dike groyne em bankm ent
flood plain navigation channel
R3294 E000418n
Room forthe Rhine branches
The high waters of 1993 and 1995 lead to the implementation of Delta (major rivers) plan
Future:• We stay in the (floodprone) part of the
Netherlands, • Solidarity among inhabitants and generations• Work with natural processes “building with
nature”
Your solutions:• Rivers?• North Sea coast?• IJsselmeer area?
?Rivers ?
Rivers: De-poldering
Building houses on raised platforms /mounds along the dike
Overdiepsepolder
Rivers: Dike relocation
Hondsbroekse Pleij
Rivers
• ‘Room for the River’
• Land aquisition on strategic locations
• International catchmentwise cooperation
A Deltaplan for the large rivers
39 Measures, until 2015
?
North Sea coast ?
North Sea Coast: Nourishment works, Follow the sealevel rise
strandsuppletie
onderwater suppletie
North Sea Coast: Building with Nature, use sand from the Sea
?
IJsselmeer area ?
IJsselmeer area
• IJsselmeer remains strategic fresh water reservoir
• Water level IJsselmeer rises with sea level, up to 1.5 m above present free discharge
• Water level Markermeer remains unchanged
Costs:< 2050:
1,2 tot 1,6 billion euro /yr
2050 – 2100:
0,9 tot 1,5 billion euro /yr
Beach nourishment for coastal land reclamation: 0.1 – 0.3 billion euro/yr
The End
Thank you for your attention
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