insects characteristics and orders. what you should know about insects …

InsectsInsectsCharacteristics and Characteristics and

OrdersOrders

What You Should Know What You Should Know About Insects …About Insects …

Taxonomy•Kingdom – Animalia

•Phylum – Arthropoda•Class - Insecta

ArthropodsArthropods

• Include: spiders (Arachnids), ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans, horseshoe crab, centipedes and of course INSECTS

Insects Are Insects Are ArthropodsArthropods

• Insects are the largest group of Arthropods - 900,000 different species

• On the planet for 350,000,000 yrs

• Jointed appendages (bendable)• Segmented bodies• Exoskeleton of Chitinthat must be molted to grow

All Insects Have…All Insects Have…

•Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen

•One pair antenna (head)•Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)

•One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

Head• 2 antennae (feel, hear

and smell) 1,000 sensory cells

• (One species of moth can smell one molecule EIGHT miles away)

• 2 compound eyes - each has 30,000 lenses

• 3 ocelli - simple eyes to sense light and dark

• Special mouthparts - several specific designs

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AntennaAntenna• One Pair on head• Jointed• Sensory (smell)• Called “feelers”• Filiform most common shape (segments = size)

• Come in many shapes

FILIFORM

Antenna Modifications- Draw a couple

Mouth part types

•Draw a sample of each•Chewing, sucking, piercing, lapping and sponging

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Chewing

Youtube video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-nd8EWwy9E&feature=related

Sucking

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Youtube video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgcWRrbHi2E&feature=related

Piercing

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Youtube Video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMgG5K0Yep4

Lapping

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Youtube video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzOi_bPXI38&feature=related

Sponging

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Youtube video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5llTAwSVyeA

Thorax• 3 pair of jointed legs covered in sensory hairs. They are more than 110x more sensitive than our tongues.

• 2 pair of wings, if present

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Insect Legs

•Examples: Digging, jumping, predatory and swimming

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Count the Legs!Count the Legs!

There are ALWAYS SIXSIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAXTHORAX

Wings or No WingsWings or No Wings•Most adults have 2 pairs

•Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

More on WingsMore on WingsA network of Veins strengthens

wings

MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGSMEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales

BUTTERFLIES & MOTHSBUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

Wings May Be ModifiedWings May Be Modified• Order Diptera (flies)

• 2nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES

• Used for balance

• Makes flies hard to catch!

Beetle WingsBeetle Wings

• Hard Forewing called Elytra• Meet in straight line down the abdomen• Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight)

ELYTRA

Abdomen

• Houses reproductive organs and digestive system

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Evolution of Insects

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1. Oldest• All insects began as wingless

• Less than 1 % of insects belong to this category

• They go through incomplete metamorphosis

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SILVERFISH: THYSANURA

Youtube: Silverfish

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJKl4yethrI

2. Development of Wings

• They have wings, but they can not fold them = harder to escape predators

• Still go through incomplete metamorphosis

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Youtube: Dragonfly

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezq_JWd1Sd8&feature=related

3. Development of Flexing Wings

•They have wings and can fold them. This allows them to go more places.

•Incomplete metamorphosis

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Examples: Grasshopper, praying mantids

Youtube: Mantid

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urk-_Uh2vbg&feature=fvwrel

4. Complete Metamorphosis

• Egg-larva-pupa- adult

• 80% of insects• Completely different animal

• Key factor to increasing diversity and survival

• Taps two different food sources

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Youtube: Complete Metamorphosis

• http://www.youtube.com/user/backyardbugs#p/u/54/wFfO7f8Vr9c

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zrDGh2DIRU&feature=related

Why Study Insects?

•10 million insects for every human on Earth.

•Over 90% of all animals are invertebrates

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Insects are helpful

•Decompose waste

•Control other insects- good ones eat bad

•Pollination•Make products: silk and honey

•Till soil

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Insects are harmful

•Spread disease - yellow fever, rocky mountain fever

•Destroy crops- 90 billion dollars worth of damage each year

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxHOxCmbs-8

Locust attack- 10 billion left devastation miles wide and long

CIRCLECIRCLE THE INSECTSTHE INSECTS

INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS

INSECTS WITH WINGSINSECTS WITH WINGS

Why Can’t I Call All of Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs?Them Bugs?

• EVERY BUG EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL NOT ALL INSECTSINSECTS are bugs!

• True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERAHEMIPTERA

• Posterior thorax is Posterior thorax is triangulartriangular; called ; called SCUTELLUMSCUTELLUM

• Last 3Last 3rdrd of wing of wing CLEARCLEAR

Which of these are Which of these are BUGS?BUGS?

ALLALL

More Hemipterans

Assassin Assassin BugBug

Giant Giant Water BugWater Bug Leaf HopperLeaf Hopper

Water BoatmanWater Boatman

ColeopteraColeoptera• Called beetlesbeetles• Tough exoskeletonexoskeleton• Forewings called ElytraElytra•Fly with membranous hindwings•Larva called grubs Rhinoceros Rhinoceros

beetlebeetle

Cucumber Cucumber beetlebeetle

Ladybird Ladybird beetlebeetle

Ephemeroptera• Called MayfliesMayflies• Juveniles are aquaticaquatic; called naiadsnaiads

• Adults found near Adults found near water & water & don’t feeddon’t feed

• Adults reproduce & Adults reproduce & die in 24 hoursdie in 24 hours

• SoftSoft bodies with 2 bodies with 2 long long CeriCeri (tail (tail fibers)fibers)

ADULT

NAIAD

Diptera

• Contains mosquitoesmosquitoes & fliesflies

• One pair One pair functional wings

• Club-shaped haltereshalteres for balance

• Bodies often hairyhairy

Green Bottle Green Bottle flyfly

Hover FlyHover Fly

Fruit Fly

Aedes MosquitoAedes Mosquito

Dermaptera• Called earwigsearwigs• Long, flatflat bodies• ForcepsForceps (pincers) on end of abdomen

• Short, hard Short, hard forewings forewings (membranous wings folded underneath

• Large jaws (mandiblesmandibles) on head

EARWIG EATING EARWIG EATING CATERPILLARCATERPILLAR

PINCERS

Orthoptera• Grasshoppers, Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, locusts, crickets, katydidskatydids

• Very longlong bodies• Rear legs modified for jumpingjumping

• Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)

• Often communicate with chirping sounds

Lepidoptera• Moths, butterflies, & Moths, butterflies, & skippersskippers

• SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts coiled under head

• Powdery scales Powdery scales on wings

• Butterflies fold wings flatflat above body at rest

• MothsMoths are night activenight active• Important plant pollinators

Neuroptera• LacewingsLacewings• Net veined Net veined wings

• Small, delicate insects

• Long antennaLong antenna• Predators on other insects

• May feed on nectar

Thysanoptera• ThripsThrips• Two pairs of fringed wingsfringed wings• Feed on plant sapplant sap

Isoptera• TermitesTermites• Live in coloniescolonies• Feed on woodwood• Soft bodies Soft bodies & short antenna

• CastesCastes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen

Mecoptera• Scorpion fliesScorpion flies• Last abdominal abdominal segments curved segments curved like scorpion

• Two pairs of narrow wingsnarrow wings

• Head elongated into a beak beak (rostrum)(rostrum)

• LongLong antenna

Homoptera

• Cicadas, leaf Cicadas, leaf hoppers, hoppers, wingless aphidswingless aphids

• If wings present, held roof like roof like over body & membranousmembranous

• Piercing-Piercing-suckingsucking mouthparts

Aphids

Cicada

Leafhopper

Odonata• Dragonflies & Dragonflies & damselfliesdamselflies

• DragonfliesDragonflies hold clear wings spread perpendicularperpendicular to body at rest

• DamselfliesDamselflies hold clear wings together over together over abdomenabdomen

Plecoptera

• StonefliesStoneflies• Aquatic Aquatic nymphsnymphs

• Aerial adultsadults are short short livedlived

• Make drumming drumming sound sound to find mates

Hymenoptera

• Bees, ants, Bees, ants, waspswasps

• Narrow waiNarrow waist connects thorax & abdomen

• Abdomen curved Abdomen curved downward

• May have stingerstinger on end of abdomen

Carpenter bee

Red ant

Yellow jacket

INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS

WINGLESS INSECTSWINGLESS INSECTS

ThysanuraThysanura• Called Silverfish• Found around houses or outside under stones or wood

• Fast runners• Damage books• Secretive and active at night.

• Flat, long bodies• Long antennae• Three, long, tail like appendages

SiphonapteraSiphonaptera

• FleasFleas• EctoparasitesEctoparasites• Bodies laterally compressed

• Enlarged hind hind jumping legsjumping legs

• Very short antenna

Collembola• Called springtailsspringtails

• Small & soft bodied

• FurculaFurcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen

• Furcula folds folds under the body under the body at rest

• Found in decaying decaying plant materialplant material

Anoplura• Sucking liceSucking lice• ParasitesParasites of mammals

• Very smallsmall• HeadHead and body body licelice are examples

• Attracted to children’s fine hair

• Carry disease

Mallophaga• Biting liceBiting lice• External parasites on birds & mammalsbirds & mammals

• Broad head Broad head & flattened body

• Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur

MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

IncompleteINCOMPLETEINCOMPLETEMETAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS

Insects change shape gradually!

Insects with Insects with IncompleteIncomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

• SiphonapteraSiphonaptera (fleas)• IsopteraIsoptera (termites)• OrthopteraOrthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets)

• HemipteraHemiptera (true bugs)• HomopteraHomoptera (cicadas & hoppers)

EGG EGG NYMPH NYMPH ADULT ADULT

Wings NOT fully

developed

Youtube Video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NutMWUlca-o

CompleteCompleteMetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Four stages that all look different

Insects with Insects with CompleteComplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

• ColeopteraColeoptera (beetles)

• HymenopteraHymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps)

• DipteraDiptera (flies)LepidopteraLepidoptera (butterflies)

EGG EGG LARVA LARVA PUPA PUPA ADULT ADULT

Youtube Video•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ype1Ik-k7VE&feature=related

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L21IGAhO-S4

Paul!!