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LEED Green Associate Exam Prep
Provided by:
O’Brien & Company
Creating Value through Sustainable Building
o Built projects: commercial, educational, residential
o Program and policy development: green building programs, city sustainability strategies
o Education and training: green jobs training, curriculum development
Training & Education Products
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LEED v4 Exam Prep
Courses
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Course
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results
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through Integrative Process
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Workshops
Manage LEED projects with confidence
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Training
Build It LEED Toolkit
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support
Trades Training
Technical Assistance
Our LEED Study Session Instructors
Elizabeth PowersLEED AP BD+CPrincipalO’Brien & Company
Justus StewartENV-SP, LEED Green AssociateProject AssociateO’Brien & Company
Agenda
o Introduction(s)o LEED 101o Breako Quiz #1o Siteo Watero Exam Overviewo Quiz #2o Write Your Own Questiono Luncho Energyo Indoor Environmental
Quality
o Materials o Process Pt 1: Green
Building Valueo Process Exerciseo Breako Process Pt 2: Integrative
Processo Quiz #3o Exam Prepo Case Study Exerciseo Exam sign up demoo Closing Q&A
Our Teaching Philosophy
In this class that means….o Flash slideso Fill in the blanko Quizzeso Teach your neighboro Group exercises
Topic of the Day
LEED Green Associateo Primary LEED credentialo Broad knowledge of green building conceptso Overview of LEED Processo Required to earn LEED Accredited Professional with
specialty
Exam SpecificationsTask DomainsI. LEED Green Associate Tasks
Knowledge Domains
I. LEED Process
II. Integrative Strategies
III. Location and Transportation
IV. Sustainable Sites
V. Water Efficiency
VI. Energy and Atmosphere
VII. Materials and Resources
VIII. Indoor Environmental Quality
IX. Project Surroundings and Public Outreach
I. LEED ProcessII. Integrative StrategiesIII. Location and TransportationIV. Sustainable SitesV. Water EfficiencyVI. Energy and AtmosphereVII. Materials and ResourcesVIII.Indoor Environmental
QualityIX. Project Surroundings and
Public Outreach
SustainAbilities Scorecard
CPO Mgmt PracticesSiteWaterEnergy
Materials and ConstructionIndoor Environment
Beauty & InspirationCPO Mgmt Practices
Exam Referenceso Core Concepts Guideo Excerpt from BD+Co LEED Certification
Guideo Impact Categorieso LEEDv4 User Guideo LEED Certification Feeso Rating System
Selection Guidanceo LEED Interpretations
Learning ObjectivesPrepare participants for the LEED Green Associate Exam by providing:o Thorough overview of the content and key issueso Hands-on practice exams and quizzeso Information about exam process and structureo Recommendations on study approacheso Additional study resourceso Build capacity of participants to effectively apply the concepts tested
in the Green Associate exam in real world applications
SustainAbilities Scorecard
LEED 101
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: LEED Process, Integrative Strategies (LEED
Standards)
What does LEED Stand for?Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
Fill in the blank
People are _________________Buildings are _______________
AccreditedCertified
What is the US Green Building Council?
Developer of LEED
What does the Green Building Certification Institute do?
Certifies LEED Buildings
Accredits LEED Accredited Professionals
Does GBCI certify products?No!
After project completion and certification by GBCI
When can a project say it is LEED certified?
What are the two primary reference standards used by LEED to measure
percent improvement in energy efficiency in buildings?
ASHRAE 90.1Energy Star
Name three types of alternative transportation recognized by LEED
BusRail
Rapid Ride
What is an MPR?Minimum Program
Requirement
LEED for New Construction (NC)LEED for Operations + Maintenance
(O+M)LEED for Neighborhood
Development (ND)LEED for Homes
Name four LEED Rating Systems
Indicate if the following is valid for innovation credit:
One LEED AP with appropriate specialty on a Project Team
Yes
How do you determine which regional credits are available to your project?
Look up location by address on website
Indicate if the following is valid for innovation credit:
Green Housekeeping Program
Yes
Indicate if the following is valid for innovation credit:
20% On-site energy generation(10% is the highest threshold)
Yes
USGBC vs. GBCIU
S G
reen
Bui
ldin
g C
ounc
il
•Non-profit•Market Transformation Mission
•Developer of LEED (1998)
•Founded 1993G
reen
Bui
ldin
g C
ertif
icat
ion
Inst
itute
•Non-profit•Third-party certifying organization recognizing excellence in green building
•ANSI and ISO•Founded 2008
What Should A LEED Building Accomplish?
LEED Family of Rating Systems
BD&C ID&C O&M
ND Homes
Multiple Certifications
Scale LifecycleCS
CI
ND
Homes
ND
NC
OM
Mixed Use
40% 60%Can’t You
DecideMust
LEED v4 Scorecard – New Construction
Categories
A Closer Look
A Closer Look
Prerequisites
Points
Credits
Levels of Certificationo LEED Certified: 40-49 Pointso LEED Silver: 50-59 Pointso LEED Gold: 60-79 Pointso LEED Platinum: 80+ Points
Certification Process
Certify
Review
Apply (Document)
Implement Project
Register Project
Confirm Eligibility
EligibilityMinimum Program Requirementso Must be in a permanent location on existing lando Must use reasonable LEED boundarieso Must comply with project size requirements
Eligibility - Prerequisiteso Rating System Prerequisiteso Vary by rating systemo Typical
• Construction Activity Pollution Prevention• Water use reduction• Commissioning• Minimum Energy Performance• Building metering• No CFCs• Storage and collection of recyclables• Minimum IAQ performance• No Smoking• Minimum acoustic performance
Key Concepts in Eligibility and Implementation
o LEED Campus Program for projects on shared site, allows for campus-wide credits or certification of groups of similar buildings. Do not have to use.Schools, hospitals, resorts with several physically distinct structures as defined by ENERGY STAR can do a single certification without using campus.
o Renovations and AdditionsRenovations use NC or CI depending on scope. In additions, energy systems must be separate or part of a central system outside of the project building or space.
Key Concepts in Eligibility and Implementation
o Incomplete spaces and Tenant Sales and Lease AgreementsRequired commitments from owners and tenants for spaces in the building not built out as part of the project. Allows for project to take credit for green features planned for the spaces.
Project 2 Project
3
Project 1
LEED CampusShared credits
Incomplete or tenant
space
LEED NC or CS Project
Project RegistrationRegister your project as early as possible:o +/- $1000o Discount for members
$1200 for Non-Memberso LEED Onlineo Website listing
BD&C ID&C O&M
ND Homes
LEED Online:
Project Implementation
Reference Guides and Rating Systems
LEED Credit Library
EPA Construction General Permit
Credit Format & Structure
10 Common Reference Standards
Standard Topic
1. ASHRAE 90.12. ASHRAE 62.13. ASHRAE 554. Energy Star5. Green-e6. EPACT 19927. SMACNA8. FSC9. SCAQMD10. WaterSense
Energy efficiencyVentilationComfortEnergy efficiencyRenewable powerWater efficiencyConstruction IAQ mgmtSustainable ForestryLow emitting materialsWater efficiency
Technical Supporto Review the credit Intent and Requirementso Consult the LEED Reference Guideo Check the Resources, Interpretations, and Forum in
the LEED Credit libraryo Ask a certification Questions form at
www.usgbc.org/contactuso Submit a Project-Specific
Credit Interpretation (CIR)• $220 • Registered projects only via
LEED Online
Technical Support - Liveo LEED Coach Personal guide assigned to each
project or LEED Account Managers assigned to organizations with lots of LEED projects
o LEED Proven Providers Service providers who administer LEED projects and consistent provide high quality documentation. Direct access to reviewers
o Request a call Any registered project can submit questions with supporting documentation and request a phone call
Types of Extra Credit – 10 points Innovationo Exemplary Performance Credits from your Rating
Systemo Sustainable Strategies not addressed in your Rating
Systemo LEED Pilot Creditso Innovation credit catalogo Credits from other rating systems
LEED AP (part of Innovation section)
Regional Priority Creditso 6 options per projecto Existing creditso Max of 4 points
5
4
1
Regional Credits Example
Demand responseRenewable energy productionBuilding product disclosure – EPDBuilding product disclosure – Raw materialsRainwater managementIndoor water use reduction
Renewable energy productionOptimize energy performanceBuilding life-cycle impact reductionConstruction and demolition waste managementOutdoor water use reductionIndoor water use reduction
SeattleWashington
Honolulu,Hawaii
Apply - Credit Forms
Apply - Uploadso Site plans, floor plans marked up for the applicable
LEED credit
o Calculators and forms provided in the “Resources” tab in the LEED Credit Library
o Professional calculations like energy model outputs
o Back up documentation like submittals – with relevant information marked
ReviewDesign Reviewo After 100% Construction Documents (CDs)o Anticipated achievemento Pendingo DeniedConstruction Reviewo After Substantial Completiono Credit Achievedo Credit Denied
Level of certification based on points achieved40 – Certified, 50 – Silver, 60 – Gold, 80 - Platinum
Appeal Processo $500 per credito $800 for complex
creditso Complete project
informationo Original & re-submittal
for credit
Use Policieso Before certification
“targeting XX level” or “is LEED registered”
o After certification• Use certification mark• “LEED XX”• “LEED XX certified
o LEED Green Associate (not GA)
o LEED AP BD+C, ID+C, O+M, ND, Homes
o USGBCo U.S. Green Building
Council
o Member logo not product endorsement
How does LEED evolve and change?
New versions Between versions
o Every 3 to 5 yearso Volunteer committees
and working groups contribute
o Comment periodso Member voting
o Pilot credits to test ideas
o LEED interpretationso Addenda and errata
LEED Rating System Timelines
v4
2009 (v3)
v2.2
v2.1
v2.0
v1.0 Pilot
1998 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’21
What else is out there?
Quiz
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: LEED Process, Integrative Strategies, Location
and Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency
In the LEED rating system, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 relates to:
a) Building commissioningb) Optimize energy efficiencyc) Indoor water use efficiencyd) Minimum energy performance
Question 1
Question 2Which one of the following is correct to use in
marketing materials for a building under construction:
a) “…project is built to standards that would earn LEED Gold Certification.”
b) “…project is LEED Registered, targeting Platinum Certification, or at least 80 points out of 100.”
c) “…project will be LEED Gold Certified with at least 50 points out of 100.”
d) “…project is LEED Gold Registered, achieving at least 39 points out of 69.”
Question 3Which of the following would be considered a benefit
of increased use of public transportation (Choose two):
a) Reduced demand for fossil fuelsb) Increased stormwater management neededc) Reduced greenhouse gas emissionsd) More hardscape necessary to accommodate
increased traffic
Question 4A Brownfield is a piece of land that:
a) Should be protected as a sensitive area during construction
b) If used, promotes infill and reduces sprawlc) Has not been irrigated properlyd) Is contaminated beyond remediation
Question 5Which of the following combinations of fixtures
produces greywater:
a) Lavatories and showersb) Lavatories and showers and washing machinesc) Lavatories and urinalsd) Water closets
Question 6Which of the following does NOT help reduce heat
island effect:
a) Pervious asphaltb) Grasscretec) Standard concreted) Landscaping
Question 7The USGBC defines Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) as what?
a) A measure of how well a material reflects daylight into a space
b) A measure of how well a material rejects solar heatc) A measure of how much daylight is reflected off a
window as opposed to entering a spaced) A measure of the amount of illumination falling on a
surface
Question 8Which is not a potential strategy to help achieve
significant indoor water use reduction?
a) High-efficiency irrigationb) Rainwater collectionc) Waterless urinald) 1.4 gallon water closete) Low flow showerheads
Question 9How do you register a LEED project?
a) Call the USGBC Customer Serviceb) Fax GBCI the registration form that can be
downloaded from the USGBC web sitec) Call O’Brien & Companyd) Complete the on-line registration section of the
GBCI website
Question 10You believe that your project meets the requirement for a certain credit, but in a slightly different way than the Rating System describes. To receive clarification, you should do all of the following, except:
a) Review the Rating System to make sure the proposed strategy meets the stated Intent of the credit
b) Review the Reference Guide for information that may pertain
c) Submit a Credit Interpretation Requestd) Call USGBC
Site
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Locations and Transportation, Sustainable Sites
Who cares?
Where to?
Who cares?o What are some benefits of building near existing
infrastructure?________________________________________________________, _____________________________________ & __________
o What are some ways to protect and restore natural systems when developing in existing areas?
Reduced impact for infrastructure (cost savings) access to alternative transportation
amenities
- Protect existing habitat- Clean up contaminate sites- Plant native and adaptive
species
- Create open space- Green stormwater
infrastructure- Minimize heat
islands
Brownfields
o This:
Pedestrian and Bike Accesso Allowing people to walk and bike safely to services
without being blocked. Providing nearby connections, bridges, trails, ramps
Pedestrian and Bike Accesso Not this
Where to?
Food, Glorious Food
X
TransportationFill in this list of strategies which reduce the impact of
transportation needs of a building and its occupants:
Access to ________ TransportationAccess to _________ Storage & ___________ RoomsPreferred Parking for _________ & __________Access to _____________ & _____________ VehiclesParking for ____________ & ____________ VehiclesReduced _________ Capacity____________ Membership and Parking
PublicBicycle Changing
VanpoolsCarpools
Low-emitting Fuel-efficient
Low-emitting Fuel-efficient
ParkingCar-share
Walk, Bike, Bus, &Trainso Distance people will usually walk for a train/subway?
½ mile
o Distance people will typically walk for a bus ride?¼ mile
o What amenities do bikers need that other commuters don’t?
Secure bike parking and showers (otherwise yuck!)
Better Parking/Drivingo “Preferred Parking”
• Carpool/Vanpool• Fuel-efficient vehicles
o Electric Car Charging Stations or ‘Liquid, gas, or battery facilities’
o Car share Programso Discounted parking
Site Assessmento Topographyo Hydrologyo Climateo Vegetationo Soilso Human use and impacts
Site Design & Management o How to improve access to
assets based on location or add more on site.
o Landscape design and practices to reduce impact and protect habitat (IPM, xeriscaping)
o Preventing light pollutiono Preserving open spaceo Protecting water bodieso Manage rainwatero Reduce heat islands
Rainwater Management o Minimize impervious areaso Control rainwatero Incorporate rainwater management
into site design
Heat IslandsHeat islands are……ideal places for spring break!!!…caused by absorption of heat by hardscapes, such as dark, nonreflective pavement and buildings.
Light, Reflective Dark, Absorbent
100 Solar Reflectivity Index (SRI) 0
Heat Island - RoofSystem Synergies with a Green Roof:o Reduce heat island effecto Manage stormwater quantity and qualityo Create open spaceo Create habitato Increase roof’s thermal insulation value
Heat IslandName at least three other strategies for reducing heat islands on roofs or ground level hardscape other than green roofs
1. Reducing the amount of paving/parking2. Putting at parking underground3. Shading hardscape with trees4. Open grid paving with vegetation5. Light colored paving6. Reflective roofing
Shortest Path AnalysisShortest distance to walkOr bike to destination
Parking CapacityAll off-street spaces available to users inside and outside LEED Boundary. Street parking doesn’t count.
BUG MethodBacklight-Uplight-Glare – a method to calculate light pollution
SRISolar reflective index measures a surfaces ability to reflect and remit heat. High good, low bad.
Common Terms and Concepts
Previously DevelopedAltered by paving, construction, and land use that would have
required permitting
Development FootprintTotal land area covered by impervious surfaces
DensityRatio of building coverage to parcel size. Floor Area Ratio (FAR),
Dwelling Units per Acre (DU/acre), etc.
Buildable LandArea of the site where construction can occur.
More Common Terms and Concepts
SustainAbilitiesWhat Site and Transportation practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Locate on previously developed sitesReducing heat island effectReducing the amount of paving/parkingBicycle infrastructureEV infrastructure
Water
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Water Efficiency
Who Cares?What are some impacts of water use?
What is LEED’s approach to conserving water?
o Depletes water supply
o Energy use o Chemical useo Greenhouse gases
Efficiency First
Alternative Sources
Reuse
Water Budgetingo How much rainfalls on the site?o How much water will be used?o How can that be reduced?o Where can water be reused?
Align the water quality with it’s definition:
____________: Wastewater from toilets and urinals.
____________: Untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste.
____________: Meets or exceeds EPA’s drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by state or local authorities.
Greywater
Blackwater
Potable
Types of Water
Reuse
Indoor Water Efficiency
IrrigationDesign for no irrigationo Xeriscapingo Consider establishment
periodUse reclaimed and recycled
water for irrigationo Reclaimed water = Treated
wastewatero Recycled water = Greywater
or rainwaterSubmetero Track use for irrigation
Measurement & Monitoring
o Track consumption trends
o Determine fixture performance
o Identify leaks
o EPACT 1992 Energy Policy Act of 1992, set efficiency standards for fixtures which are now code
o Energy Star and Water Sense EPA standards for energy and water efficiency in appliances
o Regular Building Occupants Full and part-time employees and volunteers in FTE
Full-Time Equivalents (FTE) =
Also includes residents, hotel guests, and inpatients
o VisitorsIntermittent users of buildings like shoppers and students, also known as “transients”
Total Staff Hours8
Common Terms and Concepts
More Common Terms and Conceptso Daily average = Average per day calculated on a
yearly basis.o Peak average = Highest occupancy in a 24-hour
day.o Example:
A café expects to serve an estimated 700 customers over the course of a day (daily average). Though, at noon, their busiest time, the café can only hold a maximum of 250 customers (daily peak).
What Water Efficiency practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Rainwater for irrigation‘Green’ cooling tower designLow-flow fixturesWater reuse
SustainAbilities
Exam Overview
o Purpose and benefits of taking the examo Types of content and questions
References:LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbookwww.GBCI.org
In this section we’ll discuss:
Who is the Green Associate Exam For?o Individuals involved in
built environment non-technical fields of practice
o Green building design, construction, and operation professionals
“Provides employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with assurances of an individual’s current level of competence and is a mark of the most qualified, educated, and influential green building professionals in the marketplace.”
o Strengthen your green building qualificationso Market your green building knowledge to potential
employers and clientso Contribute to your professional developmento Earn recognition with the nation’s predominant green
building professional credentialo Receive a Green Associate certificate and opt to be
list in GBCI’s online directoryo Prerequisite for taking a LEED Specialization exam
Benefits
o 2 hours• 2 hours, 20 minutes = total seat time• Begins with 10 minute tutorial and ends with 10 minute
satisfaction surveyo Computer-based examo 100 randomly-delivered, multiple-choice questionso Scaled scoring: 125 – 200, 170 is passingo Exam Fee: $200 for Members, $250 for Non-
Members
Exam Info
Examo Multiple Choiceo Some simple math – calculators are available on the
computero Can change answers and flag them for later reviewo Track incomplete answerso Double negativeso Tricky questions & “most correct answer” logico Story problems w/ multiple answerso Expect questions pertaining to:
• Refrigerants• Community connectivity• Construction waste management• Implementation
Exam SpecificationsTask DomainsI. LEED Green Associate Tasks
Knowledge Domains
I. LEED Process
II. Integrative Strategies
III. Location and Transportation
IV. Sustainable Sites
V. Water Efficiency
VI. Energy and Atmosphere
VII. Materials and Resources
VIII. Indoor Environmental Quality
IX. Project Surroundings and Public Outreach
Exam Referenceso Core Concepts Guideo Excerpt from BD+Co LEED Certification
Guideo Impact Categorieso LEEDv4 User Guideo LEED Certification Feeso Rating System
Selection Guidanceo LEED Interpretations
Question Typeso Recognize & recall
factual materialo Apply material to
scenarioso Analyze relationships
and interactions
Sample Question #1When applying for innovation credits, a project team :
a) Cannot submit any previously awarded innovation credit.
b) May receive credit for performance that doubles a credit requirement threshold.
c) May submit a product or strategy that is being used in an existing LEED® credit.
d) May receive a credit for each LEED Accredited Professional that is on the project team.
Sample Question #2A developer wants to make a profit by building a new
office that maximizes daylighting and views. What actions might the developer take to fulfill all parts of the triple bottom line?
a) Restore habitat onsite b) Purchase ergonomic furniture c) Pursue local grants and incentives d) Provide lighting controllability for occupants
Quiz
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Energy Efficiency, Indoor Environmental Quality,
and Materials and Resources
Question 1The production of which refrigerant is banned, and
which other refrigerant is being phased out under the Montreal Protocol?
a) CO2; COb) CFC’s; HCFC’sc) CFC’s HFC’sd) IWS, GWB
Question 2Which one of the combinations of LEED Rating
Systems is not allowed for the same building or space?
a) LEED-ND + LEED for Homesb) LEED-CS + LEED-CIc) LEED O&M + LEED for Homesd) LEED-NC + LEED O&Me) LEED-ND + LEED-NC
Question 3To be awarded a point under the LEED Accredited
Professional credit:
a) At least one principal participant of the project team must be a LEED Accredited Professional (AP) with a specialty appropriate for the project.
b) At least one principal participant of the design team must be a LEED Accredited Professional (AP) with a specialty appropriate for the project.
c) All members of the project team must be a LEED Accredited Professional (AP)
Question 4For Construction Waste Management, calculations are
done by:
a) Weightb) Volumec) Weight or Volumed) Weight and Volume
Question 5Green Seal Standard GS -11 relates to:
a) Formaldehyde-free composite woodb) Low-emitting adhesivesc) Recycled content drywalld) Low-VOC, low-toxic paint and coatings
Question 6Proper ventilation rates to be applied to projects are
prescribed by which of the following standards?
a) IPMVP Option Bb) ASHRAE 90.1c) SCAQMD Rule 1113d) ASHRAE 62.1
Question 7Which of the following is an example of post-consumer
recycled material?
a) Composite board containing sawdust from lumber mill
b) Concrete that contains fly ash from a local coal powered energy plant
c) Carpet made from plastic water bottlesd) Salvaged barn beam
Question 8The effort to reduce global warming by the use of harmful
refrigerants involves understanding there is a trade-off, meaning:
a) The trade-off is between natural and man-made refrigerants. Natural refrigerants are CO2, NH3, and propane, and only those should be used.
b) The trade off is there is a treaty for reduction of ozone depletion, but not for global warming. The solution is to make a new international treaty that agrees global warming is a comparable threat to ozone depletion.
c) The trade off is that either way, the refrigerant will have a harmful impact to the environment. This is because some refrigerants have a higher ODP and a low GWP, while others have a higher GWP and lower ODP.
d) The trade-off is that refrigerants will either contribute to global warming or contribute to depleting the ozone layer unless EnergyStar equipment is used.
Question 9Green design involves addressing the regional
environmental context in which a project occurs. Which of the following is an example of a regional environmental issue?
a) Endangered speciesb) Green house gas emissionsc) Use of PCBsd) Commissioning
Question 10Which of the following types of power is NOT part of
renewable energy certificate programs:
a) Solar electricb) Windc) Biomassd) Low impact hydroe) Passive solar
o Based on the content we’ve reviewed so far, write at one possible exam question and four multiple choice answers.
Write Your Own Exam Questions - Exercise
Student Example Question
a) Fsdab) Fsdjk;ac) Fjsdka;d) Dfaklj;
Energy
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Energy and Atmosphere
Who Cares?
Cars have long been blamed for global warming and thought of as the biggest culprit…Buildings are actually more harmful to the environment with their energy use than cars!
Buildings account for 40% of the energy used today, according to the UN Environmental Program
Buildings account for 40% of the energy used today, according to the UN Environmental Program
Weighting of the LEED v4 Impact Categories to account for differences in scale, scope, severity and relative contribution of the built environment to the impact
Who Cares?The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987, signifying the intent by multiple world leaders to reduce the effects of global warming and the thinning ozone layer by eliminating the use of ozone depleting substances, such as harmful refrigerants or CFC’s.
Source: National Aeronautics Space Administration
Stratospheric ozone thinning over the Antarctic, September 2000
Energy Reduction in Buildings
Commissioning, Education
Alternative Energy
Efficient Systems
Envelope
Sizing, Massing and Orientation
Set Goals
Demand Response
Working fluids of a machine designed to pump heat from a lower to higher temperature.
List four key types of refrigerants:
o CFCso HCFCso HFCso Natural
Name an example of a natural refrigerant
Refrigerants
CO2, Ammonia, Propane
Align the refrigerant impact with it’s definition:
____________: ability to deplete the ozone through stratospheric chemical reaction
____________: ability to warm the atmosphere through absorption of the earth’s thermal emissions.
Refrigerants
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
RefrigerantsList at least three strategies for reducing the impact of
refrigerants:
1. Buildings without cooling and refrigeration equipment2. Cooling without chemicals (evaporative)3. Geo-exchange systems4. Efficient systems5. District energy system6. Selecting refrigerants with low/zero ODP and low
GWP7. Maintenance8. Efficient Refrigerant charge equipment9. Long service life10. Alternative fire suppression systems (water)
RefrigerantsOptions for existing buildings and ongoing sustainable
operations:
o Phase out through retrofit or replacement – all CFC based systems
o Follow EPA guidelines for refrigerant management and equipment maintenance.
Green PowerWhich one does the USGBC consider green power?
On-site Renewable Energy Green Power
Green PowerGreen-e Certification:
o Run by Center for Resource Solutionso Voluntary verification program for RECso Renewable power onlyo No nuclear, large scale hydro REC – Renewable
Energy CertificateREC – Renewable Energy Certificate
Managing Building Performance
Commissioning & Retro-commissioning
Measurement & Monitoring
Benchmark
BaselineCommercial Building Energy
Consumption Survey (CBECS)or
ASHRAE 90.1 or
Home Energy Rating System
Ways to express design performance goals or understand actual performance
• ENERGY STAR• % improvement
over ASHRAE• HERS Score• Architecture
2030 District
Systems to track actual
performance
Analyze and verify against
benchmarks
Identify problems or opportunities
Make changes
and improvements
Establish building functions as
designed
Resetting the building and identifying
problems in systems
• Use data from M&M
• Occupant surveys
Common Terms and Concepts (Summary)o ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 2010o ENERGY STARo CBECSo HERSo Demand Responseo Montreal Protocolo Global Warming Potentialo Ozone Depletion Potentialo Renewable Energyo Green Power
DaylightingEnergy efficient HVAC & lightingRenewable energy generation (on-site)Submetering / commissioning / monitoring
SustainAbilitiesWhat Energy & Atmosphere practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Indoor Environmental Quality
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Indoor Environmental Quality
Who Cares?o What are some key components of indoor
environmental quality___________, _______ , ________ _________ _________, &______
o What are some benefits of better IEQ?
Air quality lighting thermal comfort acoustics views
- Improved health - Better morale- Greater productivity
- Reduced turnover- Fewer sick days- Lower risk- Greater re-sale value
Who Cares?
Air Quality Contaminants
Protecting Air Quality
Lighting
Daylighting Control
Lighting
Daylighting and Glare Control
Exterior shading Automatic interior shades
Occupant comforto Acousticso Thermal comforto Personal controlo Viewso Post-occupancy
follow up
Types of Space
Occupied- IAQ, Thermal Comfort, Acoustics
Regularly Occupied- Lighting, Daylight, Views
Individual- Individual control light and thermal
Multi- Group control light
and thermal
Densely- Monitoring
Non regularly occupied-Eg: Break room, lobby,
bathroom
Non-occupied- Mechanical, Egress, Storage
Low VOC products and materialsGood acoustics (esp classrooms)Daylighting (again!) and viewsIndoor air quality protections (e.g. walk-off mats)
SustainAbilitiesWhat Indoor Environmental Quality practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Materials
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: Materials and Resources
Who Cares?o The materials and resources category focuses on
minimizing the embodied energy and other impacts associated with the __________, __________, __________, ____________, and ________ of building materials.
o What are some key strategies to reducing the impacts of a product’s life cycle?- Manufacturer disclosure and transparency- Buy locally-Durable products-Reuse or recycling
extraction processingtransport maintenance disposal
Reuse
o The highest form of materials conservationo Reduces the need for new/virgin materialso Reduces landfill wasteo Cultural value, contextual relevancy o Includes:
• Whole building shell and structure• Furniture, fixtures, & equipment• Salvaged materials
Life Cycle Impactso Life Cycle Assessment (LCA):
Waste – During Construction o Create a Detailed Plano Enforce with subs through good communication and
signage
Waste - Operationso Solid Waste Management Policyo Waste Stream Audit/Monitor & Tracko Easy Access and Clear Signageo Recycling for Durable Goods
o Disclosure
o Optimization
Building Product Disclosure & Optimization
Product transparency
Product selection
Material sourceChemical contentCorporate sustainability reporting
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)Sourcing of Raw MaterialsHealth Product Declaration (HPD)
Sourcing of Raw Materialso Extended producer responsibilityo Recycled contento FSC wood o Materials reuseo Bio based materials* o Local/Regional**
Types of Recycled Content
Recycled Content $ = Material Cost x (Post-Consumer RC% + ½ Pre-Consumer RC%)
*Exclusions: shipping, labor (installation), mechanical, electrical, plumbing and equipment
Harvested/Extracted vs. Manufactured
100 Miles
Environmental Product Declarations
o Material content o Recycled content o Service lifeo Global warming potentialo Water consumptiono Emissions to air and watero Waste generationo Ozone depletion potentialo Respiratory effects
Material Ingredientso HPDs – Product nutrition label;
identifies ingredients, compares against known hazard lists.
o C2C – Disclosure of proprietary info not required; five quality categories — material health, material reutilization, renewable energy and carbon management, water stewardship, and social fairness.
Purchasing Plans and Policieso Develop a green materials/products purchasing plan
• Vendor Practices• Third-party Certifications• Cleaning Products and
Equipment
Low-Emitting Materialso VOC and documented emissions testing:
• Paints & Coatings• Adhesives & Sealants• Flooring• Composite wood
(CARB and ULEF)• Insulation • Furniture
Common Terms and Conceptso Defining a “Product”
• Materials that create the building or are attached to it• Furniture can be included but is not required• Passive elements of mechanical, electrical, and
plumbing systems may be included:
o Special equipment (elevators, escalators, fire suppression, etc.) excluded from all materials credits.
PipingDuctsPipe/duct Insulation
Plumbing fixturesConduitLamp housings
Product Cost, Location, and Assemblieso Costs should include all taxes and expenses to
deliver the material to the site but excludes labor and equipment for required for installation after delivery.
o Actual vs. Default All materials being used on the project vs. 45% of total construction cost
o Local = 100 mile radius around project, measured “as the crow flies”.
Specify FSC wood productsSpecify non-toxic and low-VOC materialsSource local materialsNo added urea formaldehydeUse of 3rd-party standards (GreenGuard)
SustainAbilitiesWhat Materials and Resources practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Integrative Process and the Context of Green Building
Task Domain: LEED Green Associate TasksKnowledge Domains: LEED Processes (Impact Categories),
Integrative Strategies (all), Project Surrounding and Public Outreach
Who Cares?
Green Building Builds Valueo Investors, such as insurance companieso Managing long-term costso Increasing NOIo To stay current with the marketo To get ahead of the marketo Resale/ROIo To get specific tenantso Missiono Near and long-term risk mitigationo Codes or incentives
Hard CostsLEED vs. Non-LEED
There is no significant difference in average cost of green buildings as compared to non-green buildings
Davis Langdon’s “Costs of Green Revisited” Study
Soft costsBy LEED Certification Level:
Source: Analyzing the Cost of Green – The American Chemistry Council
Improved performanceo New Buildings Institute study showed average EUI in
green buildings was 24% lower than typical buildings
o General Services Administration evaluation of federal green buildings:• 13% less maintenance costs• 26% less energy• 27% higher occupant satisfaction• 33% lower CO2 emissions
Role of Codes
Require green features or
certain performance
Limit innovation, require non-
green features
LEED Development Vision
PlatinumGoldSilverCertified
PlatinumGoldSilverCertified
PlatinumGoldSilverCertified
PlatinumGoldSilverCertified
Time
Envi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact
_
+Zero
Impact
Traditional Building CodesGreen Building
Codes
Current Day
Relationship of Rating Systems and Codes
Types of Codes that impact Green Buildingo SEPAo Land use
• Open space/Green space
• Parking requirements• View corridors/solar
accesso Street standardso Energy codeso Waste regulationso Ventilation/IAQ codeso Health dept regs
o EPACT 1992o Endangered species acto Contaminated site clean
up regso NPDES
Code ExerciseIdentify 3 green building strategies that code can help or hurt? How?
Bike storageParking capacityPedestrian accessStormwater managementWater reuseIrrigation efficiencies
o Energy efficiencyo Alternative energyo Performance
monitoringo Construction waste
managemento Building material
reuseo Smoking in buildingso Ventilation levelso Daylight controls
Client
Builder
Conventional Design Team
Architect
Client
Architect Builder
Permitting Jurisdictions
Integrated Project Team
End Goal Obscured
Setting the Course
Testing the Course
Verifying the Course
End Goal In View
Source: IDP Facilitation Resource Guide
Collaborative Meetings
Energy Modeling in IPTesting the courseo Life-cycle costingo Daylight modelingo Energy modeling
Shoe box Energy Model
Merrill Hall
Maximizepositive outcomes
“For sustainable strategies, the rule of thumb is the later you think of it, the more it will cost and the less benefit you’ll get.” – Kathleen O’Brien
IP Results
Process
Hold an Eco-Charrette
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
LEED Credit Item Cost Analysis
Design Credits Submittal to USGBC via LEED Online
_________________________________________
LEED Workshop
Evaluate which LEED Rating System applies
Submit Project Certification Application: Construction Submittal
Analysis, Measurement &Verification
Set Energy and Daylight Goals
Energy & Daylight Modeling
_______________________________________
Incorporate final Daylight and Energy strategies
_______________________________________
_______________________________________Occupancy Survey
Correct Daylight and Energy based on verification
Commissioning
Prepare a statement of the [project’s] life expectancy requirementsImplement integrated design processDisplay energy & water usage for users’ educationProvide an occupant user manualPerform a post-occupancy survey
SustainAbilitiesWhat Beauty/Inspiration and CPO Management practices in SustainAbilities are also part of the Green Associate Exam?
Quiz 3
Multiple Topics
Question 1A law firm occupying a 50-year-old building is
upgrading the mechanical systems to improve energy performance and implementing green procurement and operations policies. Which LEED rating system best applies to this project?
a) LEED CIb) LEED O+Mc) LEED CSd) LEED NCe) LEED ND
The key here is that the mechanical systems are being improved and the project is focusing on procurement and operations.
Question 2Project Registration does not provide:
a) Access to LEED Onlineb) Access to Credit Interpretationsc) LEED Letter Templates in Adobed) Access to the Reference Guide
Question 3Minimum Energy Performance requires the building
design to comply with which of the following standards? (Choose two)
a) ASHRAE 90.1b) ASHRAE 55c) ASHRAE 62d) Local Energy Codes, if they are stricter than
ASHRAE requirementse) ASHRAE 129
Question 4A new commercial building in downtown Seattle is
using a product with a high SRI as tested in accordance with ASTM E 1980. What environmental effect is this project helping to mitigate?
a) Indoor Water Reductionb) Stormwater Managementc) Heat Island Effectd) Locally Harvested Materials
Question 5Brownfield Redevelopment was designed to
rehabilitate damaged sites around the country. What reference standard classifies an area as a Brownfield? (Choose two)
a) ASTM E 1903-97b) ASTM 408c) Classification by a local, state, or federal
government agency d) Classification by the project owner or teame) Classification by the USGBC
Question 6In an office facility, the design includes a rainwater harvesting system
that collects 16,000 gallons of water annually. The rainwater is used for flushing water closets. What information is necessary to calculate the reduction in potable water demand on building sewage conveyance for achieving maximum indoor water use reduction? (Choose Three.)
a) Annual work days b) Number of FTE building occupants c) Flow rates of lavatoriesd) Total building volume of Process water generated. e) Total Daily Volume of wastewater generated
Question 7Greywater is defined as water from? (Choose three)
a) Showers b) Water Closets c) Lavatories d) Bathtubs
Question 8The focus of the Materials and Resources (MR) category is on:a) Encouraging project teams to look at the individual
characteristics of each product used on the project instead of using a holistic approach and a looking at a product’s life cycle
b) Educating project teams on how to use green building materials that meet strict new environmental product declarations
c) Minimizing the embodied energy and other impacts associated with the extraction, processing, transport, maintenance, and disposal of building materials
d) Reducing the availability of sustainable building materials such as products containing recycled content, low VOC’s, FSC certified wood, renewable resources, and regional materials
Question 9The following are all prerequisites for LEED certification
except:
a) Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines b) Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control c) Fundamental Refrigerant Management d) Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Question 10As defined by the USGBC, Green-e Energy:
a) Is a third-party rating system for renewable energy products
b) Generates both electrical power and thermal energy from a single fuel source
c) Is a coefficient used in calculating the landscape coefficient
d) Is an organization that provides off-site renewable energy
Question 11You are working on a project for a client who is interested in
achieving at least one Regional Priority credit. Where can you find the list of eligible credits for your region?
a) Send a written request to the USGBC b) In the reference guide c) On the USGBC website d) There is no list, you can choose whatever credit you
like
Question 12Providing a building operations manual for the future
tenants of a LEED Core & Shell project might:
a) Assist with attaining a LEED New Construction certification after build out
b) Assist with attaining a LEED Commercial Interiors certification after build out
c) Reduce construction waste d) Require a commissioning agent
Question 13The portion of the project site submitted for LEED
certification is:
a) Site boundary b) Property boundary c) LEED project boundary d) Open space area
Question 14Submittals required for LEED documentation may include
all of the following except:
a) The LEED Letter Template submitted by the responsible party
b) A complete set of construction documents c) Calculationsd) Additional narratives
Question 15The EPA has green building benchmarking program in
which building energy data is submitted and compiled to show where a building’s energy use stands relative to other buildings of similar types. This program is known as:
a) Energy Star Building Managerb) Building Benchmarks Rating Systemc) Proforma Building Benchmark Programd) Energy Star Portfolio Manager
Question 16Regional Priority credits are (Choose two):
a) New credits added to LEED 2009 to address different regional concerns
b) Determined by zip code c) The same as Exemplary Performance credits d) Only available in California
Question 17What must be done to protect indoor air quality during
construction of an occupied building? (select two)
a) Provide lighting control for individual occupantsb) Protect ductwork and ventilation to occupied spacesc) Provide designated parking spaces for construction
workersd) Seal off occupied areas of the building from the
constructione) Perform a full flush out every night
Question 18A measurement of how far a pedestrian and bicyclist would
travel from a point of origin to a destination, reflecting access to amenities, safety, convenience, and obstructions to movement is called:
a) Destination travel scoringb) Integrative travel mappingc) Shortest path analysisd) Straight-line radius pathe) Amenity travel mapping
Question 19The building product disclosure and optimization credits
share the intent to:
a) Encourage project teams to use local labor for productionb) Encourage the use of products and materials for which
life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts
c) Encourage the extraction of new raw materials outside of the US and increase the distance of impacts from the project site
d) To encourage the use of pre-industrial recycled content over the use of post-consumer content in products and materials
Question 20To be awarded points in the Innovation in Design category,
the proposed credit must demonstrate (Choose two):
a) Exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED Rating System
b) That at least three LEED AP’s were on the project teamc) That the project achieved net zero energyd) Innovative performance in green building categories not
specifically addressed in the LEED Rating System
Exam Prep
In this section we’ll…o Review how to registero Recommend study
approacheso Provide study tips and
advice
Exam Registration
o Step 1: www.usgbc.org – login and go the Credentials on the left of your profile to pay and get eligibility ID.
o Step 2: www.prometric.com/gbci - to schedule the exam
IMPORTANT TO NOTE! Your name in your USGBC account must match the
name on the identification you will show at the testing center
! You must have your Corporate ID # to get member pricing
! Changes or cancellations must be submitted prior to midnight three days before your exam
! DO NOT be late
! DO NOT forget your ID
Prometric Testing Centero Arrive 30 minutes in advanceo Nothing goes into the exam room
• Facilities have free lockers for personal itemso Must provide Photo IDo You will be provided materials for taking notes
• Paper and #2 pencil• Erasable whiteboard and pen
Skills TestedThings you need to know how to do with the
information you study:
o Recognize and recall factual materialo Apply material to scenarioso Analyze relationships and interactions
Study MethodsBig Picture vs. Detailed
Big Pictureo Limited knowledge and use for LEEDo Not a numbers person
Detailedo Build and use knowledge of LEEDo Like rules and numbers
The Plan1. Start with memorizing the basics2. Learn to apply knowledge to scenarios3. Analyze relationships, interactions4. Practice5. Get support6. Develop a test taking strategy7. Go for it
Basicso Review all Referenceso Look for definitions and
concepts list in Specifications
o Make flashcards, lists, diagrams
o Review notebook from training and study tools
LEED MatrixIf you choose the “LEED” approach, for each credit
know:o Intent Key Requirementso Reference Standardso Terms
ApplyNext – Case studieso Find case studies
• USGBC Project• High Performance Building database• Cascadia GBC
o Review descriptions and identify which principles in the “Specifications” list green features described contribute too.
o Look for synergies and relationships
Energy Efficiency
Building Reuse
Recycled Materials
ApplyLast, relationships1. Pick one concept in the specifications 2. Draw, write, diagram how it relates to at least two
others3. Repeat
Parking capacity Heat Islands Recycled Asphalt
Building Reuse Community Connectivity
Reused flooring
Practiceo Gather up practice examso Practice open book o Practice closed booko Practice with a time limito Practice online
Get SupportDon’t do it alone!o Study Groupso Online forums
Test Strategyo Morning vs. Afternoono Cram vs. Routine studyingo The brain dumpo Charge right through vs. Steady paceo Time checks regardlesso Answer every question
Tipso Eliminate obviously wrong
answerso ALWAYS choose the
BEST answer not necessarily the RIGHT answer
o Do a time check every 30 minutes
o Answer everything, no penalty for wrong answers
o Statistically the right answer is “B”… or was it “C”?
TipsKnow your refrigerants
Study Tools
After complete survey Online
o PDF of presentationo 100 question practice
examo LEED Matrixo Reference Standard
Flashcardso Acronym list
o GBCIo USGBC Exam Prep
materialso LEED User (from
BuildingGreen)o Green Building
Education Services
Life after the Examo You receive your score
immediatelyo Of course…you passed! o Begin using “LEED Green
Associate” title and logo immediately
o Receive e-mail from GBCI when your accreditation is posted to the website
o Certificate sent via mail 2-3 months later
o Two years to complete 15 hours of continuing education
o OR…don’t stop, proceed directly to registration for your LEED-AP technical exam
Young Green Champions 2013 Photograph: Ron Levine for the Guardian
Case Study Exercise
o Review handout with your partner(s)
o Identify 3 concepts we’ve discussed today that were implemented on this project
o Find one strategy that provides at least three different benefits
Thank You!
www.obrienandco.com206-621-8626
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