life topics science unit part i - download .ppt at

The Life Science Topics

Unit Part I / IV

End Part I / IV of an educational unit about

Life Topics: The Molecules of Life, Health and Nutrition Topics, Characteristics of Life, Life Origins and Human Evolution

Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab

handouts, review games, videos, and much more at

www.sciencepowerpoint.com

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow

“Hoot, Hoot”“Good Luck!”

The Life Topics UnitThe Life Topics Unit

• This unit will cover…– SPONCH – Carbohydrates

• Proteins– Lipids (Fats)– Nucleic Acids– Eating Healthy– Health Topics – Nucleic Acids– What is Life?– Needs of Life.– Origins of Life– Human Origins

• This unit will cover…– SPONCH – Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids (Fats)– Nucleic Acids– Eating Healthy– Health Topics – Nucleic Acids– What is Life?– Needs of Life.– Origins of Life– Human Origins

• This unit will cover…– SPONCH – Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids (Fats)– Eating Healthy– Health Topics – Nucleic Acids– What is Life?– Needs of Life.– Origins of Life– Human Origins

“I taste so good!” “You should eat

me.”

• This unit will cover…– SPONCH – Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids (Fats)– Eating Healthy– Health Topics – Nucleic Acids– What is Life?– Needs of Life.– Origins of Life– Human Origins

• This unit will cover…– SPONCH – Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids (Fats)– Eating Healthy– Health Topics – Nucleic Acids– What is Life?– Needs of Life– Origins of Life– Human Origins

• What did you eat for breakfast today?

• By the end of the of this unit you should be able to describe, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids. This unit will help you understand the make up of complex molecules.

Area of Focus: SPONCHArea of Focus: SPONCH

25 of the 100+ elements are 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. essential for life.

SPONCH elements are the most SPONCH elements are the most biologically important.biologically important.

Percentage of SPONCH elements in Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. (Wet)living things. (Wet)

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur - .06%- .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus - .24%- .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen - 26.0%- 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen - 1.25%- 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon - 7.0%- 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen - 65.0%- 65.0%

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur .06% .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus - .24%- .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen - 26.0%- 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen - 1.25%- 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon - 7.0%- 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen - 65.0%- 65.0%

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur .06% .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus .24% .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen - 26.0%- 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen - 1.25%- 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon - 7.0%- 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen - 65.0%- 65.0%

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur .06% .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus .24% .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen 26.0% 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen - 1.25%- 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon - 7.0%- 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen - 65.0%- 65.0%

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur .06% .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus .24% .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen 26.0% 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen 1.25% 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon - 7.0%- 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen - 65.0%- 65.0%

S.S. Sulfur Sulfur .06% .06%P.P. Phosphorus Phosphorus .24% .24%O.O. Oxygen Oxygen 26.0% 26.0%N.N. Nitrogen Nitrogen 1.25% 1.25%C.C. Carbon Carbon 7.0% 7.0%H.H. Hydrogen Hydrogen 65.0% 65.0%

• Activity! Please complete a pie graph of the data you have just gathered.

Sulfur 1%

Phosphorus 0%

Oxygen 26%

Nitrogen 1%

Carbon 7%Hydrogen

Sulfur

Phosphorus

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon

Hydrogen

• We now know what SPONCH is, what do you think the SPONCH CaFe is?

The next most important elements for The next most important elements for life.life.Ca= CalciumCa= CalciumFe= IronFe= Iron

• SPONCH molecules make

• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1

• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)

• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)

• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates (sugars) SP (sugars) SPOONNCHCH

1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.oxygen.

• 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

• 1:2:1 ratio for 1:2:1 ratio for carboncarbon, hydrogen, oxygen., hydrogen, oxygen.

• 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogenhydrogen, oxygen., oxygen.

• 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygenoxygen..

6:12:6

• 1:2:11:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

6:12:6

Proportion: The relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity.

6:12:6

Proportion: The relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity.

Ratio: A general term; it is obtained by dividing one number by another.

6:12:6

Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –glucose.glucose.

• Can you find the sugar below?

• Answer: Fructose

There are two types of sugarsThere are two types of sugars -- --

Simple Sugars: Broken down quickly.

Complex Sugars: Starch / Fiber / Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin.

• Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants.Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants.– Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants

to be very tall.to be very tall.

• Chitin – Insect exoskeletonChitin – Insect exoskeleton

• Starch is a complex sugar (longer lasting energy)Starch is a complex sugar (longer lasting energy)

• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to

make a face.

• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to

make a face.

• Activity! Testing for the presence of starch.

• Activity! Testing for the presence of starch.– Iodine turns black when in the presence of

starch.

starch.– Draw a picture of each test tube and make a

prediction as to which one contains starch.

prediction as to which one contains starch.– Test the samples on you tray with one drop of

Iodine. Which have starch and which do not?

prediction as to which one contains starch.– Test the samples on you tray with one drop of

Iodine. Which have starch and which do not?

• What types of food’s should you eat before an athletic event?– The Night before vs. game time.– Should you eat the same things, different, talk

it over and explain.

• Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy but require more time to break down.

• Starch is a major component of bread. We can find starch in breads and pasta, vegetables, and tubers like potatoes and yams.

• Candy bars have lots of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.

• Simple sugars can be broken down quickly for short energy, Complex sugars have more energy, but it takes longer to break them down.

• Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event.– A spaghetti dinner during halftime won’t help

you.– A candy bar the night before won’t help you.

Types of sugars

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

Types of sugars

MonoMonosaccharide: One sugar saccharide: One sugar Glucose / Fructose.Glucose / Fructose.

DiDisaccharides – two sugars.saccharides – two sugars.Lactose, Sucrose.Lactose, Sucrose.

Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together.together.Complex Sugars.Complex Sugars.

• Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants.

• Fiber: Carbohydrate the body cannot digest. – Soluble – Insoluble

• Activity! Everyone will be given a celery stick to give them some fiber today. Enjoy!

• Insoluble fiber absorbs water, creates bulkier stools and helps to regulate the stool pattern.

“I should have ate more fiber

to help me stay regular.”

• Soluble fiber: Absorbs water and becomes gelatinous and sticky.

• Soluble fiber: Absorbs water and becomes gelatinous and sticky. The down side for soluble fiber is that harmless gas forming bacteria in the colon may cause….

• Do Baked Beans have lots of soluble or insoluble fiber?

• Do Baked Beans have lots of soluble or insoluble fiber? Answer! Soluble Fiber

• Fiber is very important to our bodies and is a necessary part of our Gastrointestinal Tract.

• Fiber is very important to our bodies and is a necessary part of our Gastrointestinal Tract.– Eat you daily fiber and stay regular….Poop Daily!

• Activity! Raise your hand if you had your poopy today.

• Activity! Raise your hand if you had your poop today.

“I Had a poopy

Today!”

“I Pooped too.”

“I made a poopy!”

“I just pooped my

pants.”

“I had my poopy”

• Video! Complex Carbohydrates, Fiber, and Regularity.

PolymerPolymerLong complex chains of moleculesLong complex chains of molecules

• Check out this awesome complex polymer.– Everybody hold up an awesome example of a

polymer.

Protein – Protein – SS O N C H (Amino acid)O N C H (Amino acid)

• Proteins – s O N C H

• Some foods with proteins

Draw a dog growling Grr….Draw a dog growling Grr….

Grr…G-r-r-r-

The four important roles of proteins.The four important roles of proteins.

Grrr…G-r-r-r-

Grrr…G-Growthr-r-r-

Grrr…G-Growthr-Repairr-r-

Grrr…G-Growthr-Repairr-Reproductionr-

Grrr…G-Growthr-Repairr-Reproductionr-Regulate

There are also structural proteins. There are also structural proteins. Make list next to stick figureMake list next to stick figure

Hair is a proteinHair is a protein

Enzymes: Proteins act as enzymes, which Enzymes: Proteins act as enzymes, which are important in making chemical are important in making chemical reactions happen in cells.reactions happen in cells.

FingernailsFingernails

Skin Skin

MusclesMuscles

CartilageCartilage

Ligaments and tendonsLigaments and tendons

Eyes / corneaEyes / cornea

Antibodies: Protect from diseaseAntibodies: Protect from disease

• Proteins are very important to the human body.

• Is your body getting enough protein?

• Proteins are very important to the human body.

• Is your body getting enough protein?

• Video: Structure of Proteins

• What is our next molecule of life?– What other agenda will I address?

Walk 10 laps around your table slowly

START!

END!Take Your Seats

Lipid – Lipid – C C HH OO (Fatty acid) (Fatty acid)

• Lipid – Lipid – C C HH OO (Fatty acid) (Fatty acid)

• Lipid – Lipid – CC HH OO (Fatty acid) (Fatty acid)

• Please draw a stick figure and provide information about specific proteins.

Lipids (AKA-Fats) They store energy.Lipids (AKA-Fats) They store energy.

Cell membranes are made of a type of Cell membranes are made of a type of structural lipid.structural lipid.

Chlorophyll, which is important in Chlorophyll, which is important in photosynthesis, is a lipid. photosynthesis, is a lipid.

• What is this lipid shown below?

• Ear wax is a lipid. It immobilizes materials from getting stuck in your ear canal.

Body fat is a good thing, it provides Body fat is a good thing, it provides your body with extra energy.your body with extra energy.

• Not enough body fat can lead to a number of serious health effects.

• However, too much body fat can also lead to a number of adverse health effects.

• Heart disease is a very real and dangerous problem.

• Heart disease is a very real and dangerous problem.– Video! (Optional) Shows how plaque build

occurs and leads to a heart attack.

• Bacon drawing Contest (5 min)Must label the fat as a lipid

Sex hormones, such as testosterone Sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen are made of lipids.and estrogen are made of lipids.

Sex hormones, such as Sex hormones, such as testosteronetestosterone and estrogen are made of lipids.and estrogen are made of lipids.

Sex hormones, such as testosterone Sex hormones, such as testosterone and and estrogenestrogen are made of lipids. are made of lipids.

Sex hormones, such as testosterone Sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen are made of lipids.and estrogen are made of lipids.

• Video- Diagramming a lipid.– Explains saturated, unsaturated, and trans

fats at a molecular level.

Saturated Fats Saturated Fats

• SATURATED FATS

• SATURATED FATS– These are the biggest dietary cause of high

LDL levels ("bad cholesterol").

LDL levels ("bad cholesterol"). – Saturated fat should be limited to 10% of

calories.

calories. – Saturated fats are found in animal products

such as butter, cheese, whole milk, ice cream, cream, and fatty meats.

– They are also found in some vegetable oils -- coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils.

• (Note: Most other vegetable oils contain unsaturated fat and are more healthy.)

Unsaturated fat Unsaturated fat (just a bit (just a bit however)however)

• Unsaturated Fats:

• Unsaturated Fats:– Help to lower blood cholesterol if used in

place of saturated fats.

place of saturated fats. – Unsaturated fats have a lot of calories, so you

still need to limit them. Most (but not all!) liquid vegetable oils are unsaturated. (The exceptions include coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils.)

still need to limit them. Most (but not all!) liquid vegetable oils are unsaturated. (The exceptions include coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils.) There are two types of unsaturated fats:

• Monounsaturated fats: Examples include olive and canola oils.

• Polyunsaturated fats: Examples include fish, safflower, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils.

Trans Fats Trans Fats

• TRANS FATTY ACIDS

• TRANS FATTY ACIDS– These fats form when vegetable oil hardens

(a process called hydrogenation)

(a process called hydrogenation) – Raises LDL levels. They can also lower HDL

levels ("good cholesterol").

levels ("good cholesterol"). – Trans-fatty acids are found in fried foods,

commercial baked goods (donuts, cookies, crackers), processed foods, and margarines.

levels ("good cholesterol"). – Trans-fatty acids are found in fried foods,

commercial baked goods (donuts, cookies, crackers), processed foods, and margarines.

START!

END!Take Your Seats

• Which type of fat is the picture below?– Saturated– Unsaturated– Trans Fatty Acid

• Which type of fat is the picture below?– Saturated– Unsaturated – Trans Fatty Acid

• Which type of fat is the picture below?– Saturated – Unsaturated– Trans Fatty Acid

• Activity! Building Molecules of Life and separating common foods into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Nucleic Acids – S P O N C H Nucleic Acids – S P O N C H (Nucleotide)(Nucleotide)

Nucleic acids include DNA, which carries Nucleic acids include DNA, which carries genetic information, and RNA, which genetic information, and RNA, which translates that information into proteins. translates that information into proteins.

• Quiz 1-10 Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid, Nucleic Acid.

Bonus – Name the Bonus – Name the actor and molecule actor and molecule of life.of life.

START!

END!Take Your Seats

• Answers 1-10 Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid, Nucleic Acid.

1 Protein1 Protein

2 Carbohydrate2 Carbohydrate

3 3 ProteinProtein

4 Carbohydrate4 Carbohydrate

5 Nucleic Acid5 Nucleic Acid

6 Lipid 6 Lipid

7 7 CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

8 Lipid8 Lipid

9 Lipid9 Lipid

10 10 CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

Bonus – Name the Bonus – Name the actor and molecule actor and molecule of life.of life.

“ “My Name is My Name is Kevin Kevin Bacon… aka Bacon… aka Kevin Lipid.”Kevin Lipid.”

• Activity! (Optional) If time allows.– Six degrees of Kevin Bacon.– Every actor or actress has a Bacon level.

This is the lowest number of actors or actresses that can connected to Kevin Bacon.

– Called the Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon.– Visit:http://oracleofbacon.org/

END PART I/IV

The Life Topics Unit

• More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.

Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.

Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

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