napoleon rules france. napoleon bonaparte (1769-1821)

Napoleon Rules FranceNapoleon Rules France

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

Napoleon Comes to PowerNapoleon Comes to Power

● ● 1799 1799 The DirectoryThe Directory asks General asks General Napoleon to help subdue uprisingsNapoleon to help subdue uprisings

● ● Afterwards Afterwards NapoleonNapoleon decides to assume decides to assume power over the government: declares power over the government: declares himself the new ruler of Francehimself the new ruler of France

((Had control of the army)Had control of the army)

Napoleon Rules FranceNapoleon Rules France 1800 French people voted for Napoleon to 1800 French people voted for Napoleon to

be the leader if France (after he was be the leader if France (after he was already in power!!!)already in power!!!)

France achieved stability under NapoleonFrance achieved stability under Napoleon

Napoleon’s AchievementsNapoleon’s Achievements strong central governmentstrong central government

stabilizes the French economystabilizes the French economy

eliminated government corruptioneliminated government corruption

Relationship with the Church Relationship with the Church

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code

French EconomyFrench Economy NapoleonNapoleon set up an equal tax collection set up an equal tax collection

system (all 3 estates paid taxes!!!)system (all 3 estates paid taxes!!!)

Napoleon established a National Bank Napoleon established a National Bank for the government to borrow $ fromfor the government to borrow $ from

Napoleon eliminated government Napoleon eliminated government corruptioncorruption

He fired corrupt government officialsHe fired corrupt government officials

Set up Set up LycesLyces: : government run public schools: for rich and government run public schools: for rich and poor childrenpoor children

Became a model for public schools in AmericaBecame a model for public schools in America

Lyces (Lyces (Public Schools)Public Schools)

NapoleonNapoleon signed a signed a Concordat Concordat ((agreement) with agreement) with Pope Pius VIIPope Pius VII

Church would keep its prestige in France but not itsChurch would keep its prestige in France but not itscontrol over French affairscontrol over French affairs

agreement kept the French people happy, kept Napoleon inagreement kept the French people happy, kept Napoleon inthe favor of the Catholic Churchthe favor of the Catholic Church

Relationship with the ChurchRelationship with the Church

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code His greatest achievement: a comprehensive His greatest achievement: a comprehensive

system of laws system of laws

The code promoted order and authority over The code promoted order and authority over individual rightsindividual rights

Brought order back to FranceBrought order back to France

Napoleonic Code (con’t)Napoleonic Code (con’t)

Women lost the right to Women lost the right to own/sell propertyown/sell property

Freedom of speech and Freedom of speech and the press were the press were restrictedrestricted

Allowed slavery again in French Allowed slavery again in French coloniescolonies

All of these were rights All of these were rights the Directorythe Directory had had granted; and Napoleon lessonedgranted; and Napoleon lessoned

Napoleon’s Empire 1811Napoleon’s Empire 1811

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns

himself Emperor of Francehimself Emperor of France

Napoleon: Emperor of FranceNapoleon: Emperor of France

Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar October 21, 1805: off the coast of SpainOctober 21, 1805: off the coast of Spain Naval Battle: Napoleon and Spanish allies Naval Battle: Napoleon and Spanish allies

vs. Great Britainvs. Great Britain France lost 22 ships; Great Britain lost 0!!!France lost 22 ships; Great Britain lost 0!!! Great Britain’s victory ensures Napoleon will Great Britain’s victory ensures Napoleon will

never invade Great Britain: never invade Great Britain: beginning of beginning of Napoleon’s downfallNapoleon’s downfall

Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

Napoleon’s Battles MapNapoleon’s Battles Map

Napoleon’s 3 Big Mistakes

Peninsular War Trade Embargo Invasion of Russia

Peninsular War 1808-1814Peninsular War 1808-1814

Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814

Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814

Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814 February 1808 Napoleon Invades SpainFebruary 1808 Napoleon Invades Spain

Spanish fought the French usingSpanish fought the French using

Guerilla TacticsGuerilla Tactics: Hit and Run, : Hit and Run,

Hide and seekHide and seek

Peninsular WarPeninsular War (con’t) (con’t) Great Britain sends aid to Spanish Guerillas Great Britain sends aid to Spanish Guerillas

for the first few yearsfor the first few years

By 1811 Great BritainBy 1811 Great Britainand Portugal joinand Portugal join

Spain against Spain against

Napoleon Napoleon

VS.VS.

Peninsular War ResultsPeninsular War Results Spain and Portugal nearly destroyed: left in Spain and Portugal nearly destroyed: left in

disarray until 1850s disarray until 1850s French Army severely weakened: allows Napoleon French Army severely weakened: allows Napoleon

to be defeated laterto be defeated later Allows Great Britain to build other alliances Allows Great Britain to build other alliances

against Napoleonagainst Napoleon Allows Great Britain to become preeminent power Allows Great Britain to become preeminent power

in Europein Europe

Trade Embargo Trade Embargo 18061806 Napoleon did not want any nation under his Napoleon did not want any nation under his

control trading with Great Britaincontrol trading with Great Britain As a result he forbade France and all nations he As a result he forbade France and all nations he

controlled from any foreign trade whatsoevercontrolled from any foreign trade whatsoever Trade Embargo Trade Embargo crippled French economycrippled French economy Most controlled nations ignored the embargo and Most controlled nations ignored the embargo and

traded with Britain any waystraded with Britain any ways

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase NapoleonNapoleon sells Louisiana Territory to America sells Louisiana Territory to America

1803: to raise money for his wars with Great 1803: to raise money for his wars with Great Britain (Britain (Amer. Pres. Thomas JeffersonAmer. Pres. Thomas Jefferson))

America pays $15 million for 530 million total America pays $15 million for 530 million total acres: Doubles America’s sizeacres: Doubles America’s size

Napoleon Invades Russia 1812Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Russia began to ignore Trade Embargo in 1811Russia began to ignore Trade Embargo in 1811

Napoleon was pissed: used as an excuse to Napoleon was pissed: used as an excuse to invade Russiainvade Russia

June 22, 1812 Napoleon takes 600,000 troops to June 22, 1812 Napoleon takes 600,000 troops to invade Russiainvade Russia

Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Russians continuously retreated deeper into Russians continuously retreated deeper into

Russia: burned everything as they retreated:Russia: burned everything as they retreated:

Slash and Burn TacticsSlash and Burn Tactics

This prevented Napoleon’s

Troops from replenishing

Food, supplies, water,

Shelter Clothing, etc.

Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 By the time Napoleon reached Moscow it By the time Napoleon reached Moscow it

was destroyed and Russian government was destroyed and Russian government was gonewas gone

Napoleon’s Invasion gained nothing!!!Napoleon’s Invasion gained nothing!!!

Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 November 1812 Napoleon finally decides to retreat November 1812 Napoleon finally decides to retreat

from Russia during a harsh winterfrom Russia during a harsh winter

Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Napoleon Invades Russia with 600,000+ Troops: He leaves Napoleon Invades Russia with 600,000+ Troops: He leaves

with less than 40,000with less than 40,000 Most died from starvation,Most died from starvation,

Hunger, freezing, not combatHunger, freezing, not combat

The Russian Invasion permanently cripples Napoleon’s The Russian Invasion permanently cripples Napoleon’s armyarmy

The Russian Invasion Allows Napoleon The Russian Invasion Allows Napoleon

to be ultimately defeated to be ultimately defeated

soon aftersoon after

Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall

Napoleon’s enemies take advantage of his Napoleon’s enemies take advantage of his weaknessesweaknesses

Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Austria Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Austria join forces against himjoin forces against him

Battle of LeipzigBattle of Leipzig October 1813, GermanyOctober 1813, Germany Napoleon’s army was now weak and Napoleon’s army was now weak and

inexperiencedinexperienced The allies cut his army up easilyThe allies cut his army up easily Beginning of the end for NapoleonBeginning of the end for Napoleon

Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall March 1814 the Russian Czar and Prussian March 1814 the Russian Czar and Prussian

King parade through ParisKing parade through Paris

Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall Napoleon wanted to fight on, his generals refusedNapoleon wanted to fight on, his generals refused

April 1814, Napoleon agreed to surrenderApril 1814, Napoleon agreed to surrender

was exiled to Elba (a tiny island off the Italian coast)was exiled to Elba (a tiny island off the Italian coast)

ElbaElba

ElbaElba

Napoleon’s ComebackNapoleon’s Comeback King Louis XVIIIKing Louis XVIII (brother (brother

of King Louis XVI) of King Louis XVI) becomes king of Francebecomes king of France

he quickly became unpopular he quickly became unpopular amongst the peasants for amongst the peasants for trying to restore the old (pre-trying to restore the old (pre-revolution) order to Francerevolution) order to France

News spread to Napoleon

Napoleon escaped Elba

Napoleon’s ComebackNapoleon’s Comeback

easily able to rally support and an army

European allies got their armies ready

Napoleon was again emperor of France

Within days they invaded Paris and Louis fled to the border

Volunteers signed up immediately to oust Louis XVIII

March 1, 1815 Napoleon landed in France again

Battle of WaterlooBattle of WaterlooJune 15, 1815June 15, 1815

Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo

Napoleon attacked the British at Waterloo, BelgiumNapoleon attacked the British at Waterloo, Belgium The Prussian army arrived later in the day to help the The Prussian army arrived later in the day to help the

BritishBritish

Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo 2 days later Napoleon’s army fled the battle field in 2 days later Napoleon’s army fled the battle field in

defeat June 1815defeat June 1815 this ended Napoleon’s last bid for power (called this ended Napoleon’s last bid for power (called The The

Hundred DaysHundred Days))

Napoleon’s 2Napoleon’s 2ndnd Downfall Downfall Napoleon was this time exiled to St. Helena (s Napoleon was this time exiled to St. Helena (s

remote island in the South Atlantic)remote island in the South Atlantic) He lived there in lonely exile for 6 yearsHe lived there in lonely exile for 6 years He died of stomach cancer in 1821He died of stomach cancer in 1821

St. HelenaSt. Helena

Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleon’s Legacy He was a military genius and brilliant administratorHe was a military genius and brilliant administrator Millions of lives were lost in his warsMillions of lives were lost in his wars His legal code and reforms in French government His legal code and reforms in French government

outlived himoutlived him Napoleon’s defeat allowed European countries to Napoleon’s defeat allowed European countries to

establish the new government in France: establish the new government in France:

They brought back King Louis XVIII to rule as a They brought back King Louis XVIII to rule as a Constitutional MonarchConstitutional Monarch

Congress of Vienna 1815Congress of Vienna 1815 Meeting of major powers of Europe after Napoleon’s 2Meeting of major powers of Europe after Napoleon’s 2ndnd

DownfallDownfall Purpose was to bring stability to Europe with Napoleon out Purpose was to bring stability to Europe with Napoleon out

of the wayof the way Redrew the map of EuropeRedrew the map of Europe Temporarily Resolved differences between European Temporarily Resolved differences between European

nations nations Many weaker nations and France not happy with resultsMany weaker nations and France not happy with results

Restores King Louis XVIII as rulerRestores King Louis XVIII as ruler ofof FranceFrance

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna 1815 1815