niso two-part webinar: the infrastructure of open access, part 1: knowing what is open

NISO Webinar: The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1:

Knowing What is Open

March 5, 2014

Speakers:

Susan Dunavan, Senior Product Manager, SIPXFranny Lee, Co-Founder & VP Business Development, SIPX

Darlene Yaplee, Chief Marketing Officer, PLOS

Greg Tananbaum, Consultant;

NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Working Group Co-Chair

http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/

March 05, 2014

Susan Dunavan•Senior Product Manager

sdunavan@sipx.com

Franny LeeCo-Founder, Vice President

Business Developmentfranny@sipx.com

The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing What is Open

The Lifecycle of Open Access Content

Open Access Content: Part of Larger Ecosystem

Educators Students

Librarians and subscribed resources

MOOC Providers

Copyright Agents

Open Sources (Open Access, HathiTrust, Creative Commons)

SchoolsInnovative, comprehensive web service to

manage and share course materials

• Transparent and accurate

• Automated and leverages technology to solve copyright frustrations

• Easy; blends into existing campus systems

• Beneficial – lower cost and increase quality of education

Publishers and

Creators

Open Access – What Is It?

• Open educational resources are an increasingly important initiative for schools– Cost of education– Institutional Open

Access policies

• Many different flavors – green, gold…

SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students• LMS and course reserves

SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students

• Online learning and MOOCs

• Continuing and distance education

Our Users Want to Know:

• Is it free to read?– will it always be?– if not, will it be soon?

• Can I share it with my students?– for free? if there’s a cost, what is it?– digitally or in print? share a PDF, or link out?– any additional restrictions? (only a percentage of a

work, etc.)

• Can I reuse portions in my own work, or create derivative works?

Is it free to read?

The challenge (to third parties):

Ways to be free:

• OA Journals• OA content in hybrid journals

– Born OA– Embargoed

• Rolling pay-walls/open back-archive• Free sponsored content• Free content types (book reviews, front matter)• Temporarily free (popular, sample, special offer, etc.)• Subscribed• Identity-based (free to regions, registered users, etc.)• Condition-based, dynamic

Publisher Platform Sophistication:

‘All the top-100-accessed articles about Radiation Biochemistry are free if older than 1 week, except for those by author John Smith

that were published in the last 10 years’

…how can third parties know something is free?

Publisher provides metadata.

Problems:– Vocab not standardized (‘open access’, ‘free’, ‘public

access’, ‘sponsored content’)– Not machine-readable– Error-prone (with free-text license statements)– How? In file metadata, via API

Publisher provides metadata (in content files).

Problems:– Just not there

• Costly to deal with back content• In publisher’s own content, but not in metadata feeds• ‘use the statement in the PDF watermark’• excludes conditional/dynamic and identity-based models

– Markup not standardized (many different formats: XML DTDs, ONIX, RDF, HTML Meta, OAI-PMH, Dublin Core)

<cpyrt>

<collab>Hamdi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</collab>

<note>

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<url>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</url>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

</note>

</cpyrt>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<oa:openAccessInformation xmlns:oa="http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/ns/properties/OpenAccess-1/">

<oa:openAccessEffective>2013-11-27T17:10:55Z</oa:openAccessEffective>

<oa:openAccessStatus>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/OpenAccessStatus#Full</oa:openAccessStatus>

<oa:sponsor>

<oa:sponsorType>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/SponsorType#Author</oa:sponsorType>

</oa:sponsor>

</oa:openAccessInformation>

XML examples

<license license-type="open-access”

xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">

<license-p>

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original

work is properly cited.

</license-p>

</license>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<license-p>

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the

<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>

, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

</license-p>

</license>

XML examples

<license-p>

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attr0ibution 3.0 License (by-nc 3.0).

</license-p>

<license-p>Licensee PAGE Press, Italy</license-p>

</license>

-------------------------------------------------------------------

<license-p>

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

</license-p>

</license>

XML examples

Publisher provides metadata via API.

Problems:– All the same as providing in content, except better

handles conditional/dynamic and identity-based– Rarely supported by publisher’s platform – No standardization in APIs, third party costs– Increased risk of failure

Use institutional holdings files.

Problems:– Not very granular (journal-year range)– Lots of variety (not everyone uses KBART):

embargo/days_available: 90

embargo/days_not_available:1060

545 days

18 months

– ‘30 days’ may be 30 days, or 1 month

Publisher provides rules.(lists of OA/Free journal titles and articles)

Problems:– Handling new journals– Handling journal changes– Keeping up with new articles, syncing

Third party crawls sites.

Problems:– Can’t tell if it will soon be free– …or soon won’t be free– Overhead

…lots of opportunities…

Opportunities

• Assist with emerging standards

• Be part of exploring and creating a sustainable and useable model

• Support school needs and initiatives

• Strengthen school relationships

How Open is Open Access?

Darlene YapleeChief Marketing Officer, PLOS (Public Library of Science)

NISO WebinarMarch 5, 2014

Now speaking…

Darlene YapleeChief Marketing OfficerPLOS (Public Library of Science)

dyaplee@plos.org

• Common Misconceptions and Clarifications• HowOpenIsIt? Tool• Real-world Examples of Open Access Reuse• Open Access and the Future of Publishing

Outline

Let’s keep in mind the goal… the advancement of scientific knowledge

Source: Toshiaki Tameshige. PLOS Genetics. 2013. 9(7)

Common Misconceptions and Clarifications

• Method of dissemination• Whether you can reuse the information• Whether the article is archived

Open Access Tells You About

• The scope of the journal• The quality of the journal• The language of the journal• The review process of the journal

It Does NOT Tell You About

Open Access is Sustainable

Open Access Momentum – Growing Percentage of STM Articles Published Open Access

Source: Web of Science and Scopus databases, Mikael Laakso and Bo-Christer Björk

The HowOpenIsIt? Tool

Varying and Unclear Definitions of Open Access

Open Access Definition

100% Open Access

• Free, immediate access online• Unrestricted distribution and reuse • Author retains rights to attribution• Papers are immediately deposited in a public

online archive such as PubMed Central

Bethesda Principles, April 2003

HowOpenIsIt?

Open Access Spectrum

• Recognizes 6 components that

define Open Access publications• Defines what makes a journal

more open vs. less open• Invites informed decisions

about where to publish

A collaboration among:

Standardized Measurement of Openness

Moving from “Is it OA?” “HowOpenIsIt?”

A collaboration among:

www.plos.org/open-access/howopenisit/

The HowOpenIsIt? Tool

Reader Rights Fees to read all articlesSubscription, membership, etc.

… Free readership immediately upon publication

… Generous reuse and remixing rights (e.g., CC BY license)

Copyrights Publisher holds copyright. No author reuse of published version beyond fair use

… Author holds copyright No restrictions

Author Posting Rights

Author may not post any versions to repositories or websites

… Author may post any version to any repository or website

Automatic Posting(e.g., PubMed Central)

No automatic posting in third-party repositories

… Journals make articles automatically available in trusted third-party repositories immediately upon publication.

Machine Readability

Not available in machine-readable format: article full text /metadata

… Community machine-readable standard formats for article full text, metadata, citations, & data (community standard API or protocol)

Real-world Examples of Open Access Reuse

Benefits of Open Access – Machine Readability

Daniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer and Nils Dagsson Moskopp http://blog.wikimedia.org/c/technology/features/multimedia/

Visualizing Complex Science

Global Collaboration to Fight Malaria

Matthew Todd, PhD

Open Source Malaria Consortium

http://opensourcemalaria.org/http://asap.plos.org

Benefits of Open Access – Access to Anyone

Saber Iftekhar Khan, MAEva Schmid, PhD

Oliver Hoeller, PhD

Smartphone Becomes Microscope

http://asap.plos.org

Accelerating Science Award Program (ASAP)Global Collaboration

to Fight Malaria Matthew Todd, PhD

Visualizing Complex ScienceDaniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer

and Nils Dagsson Moskopp

HIV Self-Test Empowers Patients

Nitika Pant Pai, MD, MPH, PhD,Caroline Vadnais, Roni Deli-Houssein

and Sushmita Shivkumar

http://asap.plos.org

Open Access and the Future of Publishing

Next Generation PublishingOpen Access is a Prerequisite

Research Article Construct• Abstract• Introduction• Methods• Results• Discussion• Supporting Information• Acknowledgments• Author Contributions• References

- Component types

Increased Article Content Types and Utility

New Ways of Research Assessment

- Merit of the research

- Pre-publication to continuous review

Greater Community Building and Collaboration

- Participation/ crowd sourcing

- Shared repositories

- Network effect, gets better the

more people contribute

- Commenting

- Article-Level Metrics

- Component granularity

- Functionality

- Living versus static

Thank You!

Greg Tananbaum ScholarNext Consultinggreg@scholarnext.com March 5, 2014

Untangling Open Access Issues in Scholarly Communication

A Man Walks into a Bar…

Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting

A Man Walks into a Bar…

SPARC: “Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.”

Open Access

FreeImmediate

Articles

Full Reuse

OSTP: “Ensure that the public can read, download, and analyze in digital form final peer reviewed manuscripts or final published documents within a timeframe that is appropriate for each type of research conducted or sponsored by the agency.”

Public Access

Free Immediate ArticlesFull Reuse

Embargo Some Reuse PenultimateFree

NIH: “Recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings…data sharing should occur in a timely fashion. NIH expects the timely release and sharing of data to be no later than the acceptance for publication of the main findings from the final dataset…Data should be made as widely and freely available as possible.”

Open Data

Free Embargo DataSome Reuse

Michael Nielson: “The idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process.”

Open Science

Free Embargo Data

Free Embargo

Some Reuse

Some Reuse Stuff

• Working group launched by NISO in late 2012

• Co-chaired by Cameron Neylon (PLOS), Ed Pentz (CrossRef), Greg Tananbaum (representing SPARC)

• Goal is to develop standardized set of metadata elements tying accessibility permissions to an object in a manner useful to humans and machines

NISO Open Access Metadata & Indicators: Background

• Growth of OA– Fasting growing segment of the journal market [Outsell]

• Proliferation of funder and government public access mandates– 111 worldwide as of 3/14– See http://www.biomedcentral.com/funding/funderpolicies

• Hybrid publishing options– Offered by ~250 publishers as of 3/14– See http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/PaidOA.php

Why is This Necessary?

Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates + Hybrids =

Lots of OA papers with different associated rights and responsibilities =

Confusion WRT who can do what when

Why is This Necessary?

• Readers seeking to understand what rights they have for a given article.

• Authors aiming to determine what rights they will retain and whether they are compliant with a given funder policy.

• Publishers hoping to clearly convey what its audience can and cannot do with the articles they disseminate.

• Research funders looking to promote the openness of the work they sponsor, and to verify their policies are being followed.

• Search engines, A&I databases, and other discovery services aiming to help guide their audience toward resources to which they have access and other rights.

• Academic libraries seeking to more efficiently direct their patrons to resources that are freely accessible and/or reusable.

Audience Segments

• American Chemical Society (ACS): John Ochs

• Copyright Clearance Center: Heather Reid

• Creative Commons: Timothy Vollmer

• EDItEUR: Tim Devenport

• Ex Libris, Inc.: Christine Stohn

• Indiana University Bloomington Libraries: Julie Hardesty

• International Association of STM Publishers: Eefke Smit

Who’s Involved: Working Group

• Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC): Ben Showers

• Kennisland: Paul Keller

• Reed Elsevier: Chris Shillum

• Social Science Research Network: Gregg Gordon

• The Wellcome Library: Cecy Marden

• University of Birmingham: Jill Russell

Approval of Proposal January 2013

Appointment of Working Group February 2013

Approval of Initial Work Plan March 2013

Completion of Information Gathering June-July 2013

Completion of Initial Draft November 2013

Public Comment Period January 2014

<<WE ARE HERE>>

Completion of Final Draft March 2014

Current Status and Roadmap

• <free_to_read>

• <license_ref>

NISO OAMI Recommendations

• Indicates content can be read or viewed by any user without payment or authentication

• Simple attribute of “yes” or “no”

• Optional start and end dates to accommodate embargoes, special offers, etc.

For example, the following records indicate that the content is under an one-year embargo from its date of publication on February 3, 2014. At the expiration of the embargo, it becomes freely available to all readers:

<free_to_read="no" start_date="2014-02-3” end_date=”2015-02-03"/>

<free_to_read="yes" start_date="2015-02-3”/>

<free_to_read> Tag

• Content of this tag would include a stable identifier expressed as an HTTP URI

• URI would point to license terms that are human and/or machine readable

• Multiple URIs can be listed if article exists under specific license for certain period of time and then changes

<license_ref start_date="2014-02-03">http://www.psychoceramics.org/license_v1.html</license_ref>

<license_ref start_date="2015-02-03">http://www.psychoceramics.org/open_license.html</license_ref>

The <license_ref> approach will enable community norms to develop around recognized licenses. This could be done by an organization, or a group of organizations, establishing a whitelist of recognized licenses. This gives flexibility for “openness” to be defined differently for different communities.

<license_ref> Tag

Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates + Hybrids =

Lots of OA papers with different associated rights and responsibilities =

Confusion WRT who can do what when

OA Metadata Indicator =

Transmittal of an article’s openness in a manner that makes discovery, tracking, readership, and (hopefully) reuse

straightforward

Benefits of Successful Implementation

Thank You

Greg Tananbaum

www.scholarnext.com

greg@scholarnext.com

NISO Webinar • March 5, 2014

Questions?All questions will be posted with presenter answers on the NISO website following the webinar:

http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/

NISO Two-Part Webinar, Part 1: The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing What is Open

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We look forward to hearing from you!

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