niso two-part webinar: the infrastructure of open access, part 1: knowing what is open
DESCRIPTION
About the Webinar Open Access (OA) has become a widely accepted and rapidly growing method of publishing scholarly content. As OA distribution gains traction, a high priority for the community is establishing and building the infrastructure needed to efficiently manage this content. This infrastructure includes such elements as OA publication charge management by third parties, fee structures and payments, visual and machine-readable identification of OA availability and reuse rights, and discovery layer functions. In 2013, NISO launched a project on Open Access Metadata to develop recommendations for the availability and reuse rights issues, but that addresses only a piece of the total infrastructure issue. In the first part of NISO’s two-part series, the focus is on Knowing What is Open. When content is published by a strictly Open Access publisher or in a completely open access online journal, knowing what is freely available to read by the user can be fairly obvious. This is less clear for hybrid titles, where open access is set at an article-by-article level. Even when a journal is fully open access, mechanisms are necessary for conveying the OA status of articles and their reuse rights to other systems, such as discovery platforms. This webinar will discuss just what it means to say content is "open access," what the various flavors of OA are,and how people and other systems can determine how open something is and both discover and access such content. Issues around license rights, the scale of openness, and the application of this data in discovery contexts will also be covered. Introduction Speakers: The Lifecycle of Open Access Content Susan Dunavan, Senior Product Manager, SIPX Franny Lee, Co-Founder & VP Business Development, SIPX How Open is Open Access? Darlene Yaplee, Chief Marketing Officer, PLOS Untangling Open Access Issues in Scholarly Communication Greg Tananbaum, Consultant; NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Working Group Co-ChairTRANSCRIPT
NISO Webinar: The Infrastructure of Open Access, Part 1:
Knowing What is Open
March 5, 2014
Speakers:
Susan Dunavan, Senior Product Manager, SIPXFranny Lee, Co-Founder & VP Business Development, SIPX
Darlene Yaplee, Chief Marketing Officer, PLOS
Greg Tananbaum, Consultant;
NISO Open Access Metadata and Indicators Working Group Co-Chair
http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
March 05, 2014
Susan Dunavan•Senior Product Manager
Franny LeeCo-Founder, Vice President
Business [email protected]
The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing What is Open
The Lifecycle of Open Access Content
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Open Access Content: Part of Larger Ecosystem
Educators Students
Librarians and subscribed resources
MOOC Providers
Copyright Agents
Open Sources (Open Access, HathiTrust, Creative Commons)
SchoolsInnovative, comprehensive web service to
manage and share course materials
• Transparent and accurate
• Automated and leverages technology to solve copyright frustrations
• Easy; blends into existing campus systems
• Beneficial – lower cost and increase quality of education
Publishers and
Creators
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Open Access – What Is It?
• Open educational resources are an increasingly important initiative for schools– Cost of education– Institutional Open
Access policies
• Many different flavors – green, gold…
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SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students• LMS and course reserves
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SIPX’s Context: Instructors and Students
• Online learning and MOOCs
• Continuing and distance education
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Our Users Want to Know:
• Is it free to read?– will it always be?– if not, will it be soon?
• Can I share it with my students?– for free? if there’s a cost, what is it?– digitally or in print? share a PDF, or link out?– any additional restrictions? (only a percentage of a
work, etc.)
• Can I reuse portions in my own work, or create derivative works?
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Is it free to read?
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The challenge (to third parties):
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Ways to be free:
• OA Journals• OA content in hybrid journals
– Born OA– Embargoed
• Rolling pay-walls/open back-archive• Free sponsored content• Free content types (book reviews, front matter)• Temporarily free (popular, sample, special offer, etc.)• Subscribed• Identity-based (free to regions, registered users, etc.)• Condition-based, dynamic
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Publisher Platform Sophistication:
‘All the top-100-accessed articles about Radiation Biochemistry are free if older than 1 week, except for those by author John Smith
that were published in the last 10 years’
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…how can third parties know something is free?
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Publisher provides metadata.
Problems:– Vocab not standardized (‘open access’, ‘free’, ‘public
access’, ‘sponsored content’)– Not machine-readable– Error-prone (with free-text license statements)– How? In file metadata, via API
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Publisher provides metadata (in content files).
Problems:– Just not there
• Costly to deal with back content• In publisher’s own content, but not in metadata feeds• ‘use the statement in the PDF watermark’• excludes conditional/dynamic and identity-based models
– Markup not standardized (many different formats: XML DTDs, ONIX, RDF, HTML Meta, OAI-PMH, Dublin Core)
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
<cpyrt>
<year>2009</year>
<collab>Hamdi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</collab>
<note>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<url>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</url>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
</note>
</cpyrt>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<oa:openAccessInformation xmlns:oa="http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/ns/properties/OpenAccess-1/">
<oa:openAccessEffective>2013-11-27T17:10:55Z</oa:openAccessEffective>
<oa:openAccessStatus>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/OpenAccessStatus#Full</oa:openAccessStatus>
<oa:sponsor>
<oa:sponsorType>http://vtw.elsevier.com/data/voc/oa/SponsorType#Author</oa:sponsorType>
</oa:sponsor>
</oa:openAccessInformation>
XML examples
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
<license license-type="open-access”
xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">
<license-p>
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original
work is properly cited.
</license-p>
</license>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
</license-p>
</license>
XML examples
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attr0ibution 3.0 License (by-nc 3.0).
</license-p>
<license-p>Licensee PAGE Press, Italy</license-p>
</license>
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<license license-type="open-access” xlink:href=“http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5>
<license-p>
Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.
</license-p>
</license>
XML examples
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Publisher provides metadata via API.
Problems:– All the same as providing in content, except better
handles conditional/dynamic and identity-based– Rarely supported by publisher’s platform – No standardization in APIs, third party costs– Increased risk of failure
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Use institutional holdings files.
Problems:– Not very granular (journal-year range)– Lots of variety (not everyone uses KBART):
embargo/days_available: 90
embargo/days_not_available:1060
545 days
18 months
P90D
R6M
– ‘30 days’ may be 30 days, or 1 month
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Publisher provides rules.(lists of OA/Free journal titles and articles)
Problems:– Handling new journals– Handling journal changes– Keeping up with new articles, syncing
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
Third party crawls sites.
Problems:– Can’t tell if it will soon be free– …or soon won’t be free– Overhead
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…lots of opportunities…
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Opportunities
• Assist with emerging standards
• Be part of exploring and creating a sustainable and useable model
• Support school needs and initiatives
• Strengthen school relationships
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© 2014 SIPX, Inc.Confidential
How Open is Open Access?
Darlene YapleeChief Marketing Officer, PLOS (Public Library of Science)
NISO WebinarMarch 5, 2014
Now speaking…
Darlene YapleeChief Marketing OfficerPLOS (Public Library of Science)
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• Common Misconceptions and Clarifications• HowOpenIsIt? Tool• Real-world Examples of Open Access Reuse• Open Access and the Future of Publishing
Outline
Let’s keep in mind the goal… the advancement of scientific knowledge
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Source: Toshiaki Tameshige. PLOS Genetics. 2013. 9(7)
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Common Misconceptions and Clarifications
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• Method of dissemination• Whether you can reuse the information• Whether the article is archived
Open Access Tells You About
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• The scope of the journal• The quality of the journal• The language of the journal• The review process of the journal
It Does NOT Tell You About
Open Access is Sustainable
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Open Access Momentum – Growing Percentage of STM Articles Published Open Access
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Source: Web of Science and Scopus databases, Mikael Laakso and Bo-Christer Björk
12%
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The HowOpenIsIt? Tool
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Varying and Unclear Definitions of Open Access
Open Access Definition
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100% Open Access
• Free, immediate access online• Unrestricted distribution and reuse • Author retains rights to attribution• Papers are immediately deposited in a public
online archive such as PubMed Central
Bethesda Principles, April 2003
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HowOpenIsIt?
Open Access Spectrum
• Recognizes 6 components that
define Open Access publications• Defines what makes a journal
more open vs. less open• Invites informed decisions
about where to publish
A collaboration among:
Standardized Measurement of Openness
Moving from “Is it OA?” “HowOpenIsIt?”
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A collaboration among:
www.plos.org/open-access/howopenisit/
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The HowOpenIsIt? Tool
Reader Rights Fees to read all articlesSubscription, membership, etc.
… Free readership immediately upon publication
Reuse Rights No reuse rights beyond fair use/ limitations & exceptions to copyright (all rights reserved ©)
… Generous reuse and remixing rights (e.g., CC BY license)
Copyrights Publisher holds copyright. No author reuse of published version beyond fair use
… Author holds copyright No restrictions
Author Posting Rights
Author may not post any versions to repositories or websites
… Author may post any version to any repository or website
Automatic Posting(e.g., PubMed Central)
No automatic posting in third-party repositories
… Journals make articles automatically available in trusted third-party repositories immediately upon publication.
Machine Readability
Not available in machine-readable format: article full text /metadata
… Community machine-readable standard formats for article full text, metadata, citations, & data (community standard API or protocol)
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Real-world Examples of Open Access Reuse
Benefits of Open Access – Machine Readability
Daniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer and Nils Dagsson Moskopp http://blog.wikimedia.org/c/technology/features/multimedia/
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Visualizing Complex Science
Global Collaboration to Fight Malaria
Matthew Todd, PhD
Open Source Malaria Consortium
http://opensourcemalaria.org/http://asap.plos.org
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Benefits of Open Access – Access to Anyone
Saber Iftekhar Khan, MAEva Schmid, PhD
Oliver Hoeller, PhD
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Smartphone Becomes Microscope
http://asap.plos.org
Accelerating Science Award Program (ASAP)Global Collaboration
to Fight Malaria Matthew Todd, PhD
Visualizing Complex ScienceDaniel Mietchen, PhD, Raphael Wimmer
and Nils Dagsson Moskopp
HIV Self-Test Empowers Patients
Nitika Pant Pai, MD, MPH, PhD,Caroline Vadnais, Roni Deli-Houssein
and Sushmita Shivkumar
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http://asap.plos.org
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Open Access and the Future of Publishing
Next Generation PublishingOpen Access is a Prerequisite
Research Article Construct• Abstract• Introduction• Methods• Results• Discussion• Supporting Information• Acknowledgments• Author Contributions• References
- Component types
Increased Article Content Types and Utility
New Ways of Research Assessment
- Merit of the research
- Pre-publication to continuous review
Greater Community Building and Collaboration
- Participation/ crowd sourcing
- Shared repositories
- Network effect, gets better the
more people contribute
- Commenting
- Article-Level Metrics
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- Component granularity
- Functionality
- Living versus static
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Thank You!
Greg Tananbaum ScholarNext [email protected] March 5, 2014
Untangling Open Access Issues in Scholarly Communication
A Man Walks into a Bar…
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
A Man Walks into a Bar…
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
SPARC: “Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.”
Open Access
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
FreeImmediate
Articles
Full Reuse
OSTP: “Ensure that the public can read, download, and analyze in digital form final peer reviewed manuscripts or final published documents within a timeframe that is appropriate for each type of research conducted or sponsored by the agency.”
Public Access
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Free Immediate ArticlesFull Reuse
Embargo Some Reuse PenultimateFree
NIH: “Recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings…data sharing should occur in a timely fashion. NIH expects the timely release and sharing of data to be no later than the acceptance for publication of the main findings from the final dataset…Data should be made as widely and freely available as possible.”
Open Data
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Free Immediate ArticlesFull Reuse
Embargo Some Reuse PenultimateFree
Free Embargo DataSome Reuse
Michael Nielson: “The idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process.”
Open Science
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Free Immediate ArticlesFull Reuse
Embargo Some Reuse PenultimateFree
Free Embargo Data
Free Embargo
Some Reuse
Some Reuse Stuff
• Working group launched by NISO in late 2012
• Co-chaired by Cameron Neylon (PLOS), Ed Pentz (CrossRef), Greg Tananbaum (representing SPARC)
• Goal is to develop standardized set of metadata elements tying accessibility permissions to an object in a manner useful to humans and machines
NISO Open Access Metadata & Indicators: Background
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• Growth of OA– Fasting growing segment of the journal market [Outsell]
• Proliferation of funder and government public access mandates– 111 worldwide as of 3/14– See http://www.biomedcentral.com/funding/funderpolicies
• Hybrid publishing options– Offered by ~250 publishers as of 3/14– See http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/PaidOA.php
Why is This Necessary?
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates + Hybrids =
Lots of OA papers with different associated rights and responsibilities =
Confusion WRT who can do what when
Why is This Necessary?
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• Readers seeking to understand what rights they have for a given article.
• Authors aiming to determine what rights they will retain and whether they are compliant with a given funder policy.
• Publishers hoping to clearly convey what its audience can and cannot do with the articles they disseminate.
• Research funders looking to promote the openness of the work they sponsor, and to verify their policies are being followed.
• Search engines, A&I databases, and other discovery services aiming to help guide their audience toward resources to which they have access and other rights.
• Academic libraries seeking to more efficiently direct their patrons to resources that are freely accessible and/or reusable.
Audience Segments
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• American Chemical Society (ACS): John Ochs
• Copyright Clearance Center: Heather Reid
• Creative Commons: Timothy Vollmer
• EDItEUR: Tim Devenport
• Ex Libris, Inc.: Christine Stohn
• Indiana University Bloomington Libraries: Julie Hardesty
• International Association of STM Publishers: Eefke Smit
Who’s Involved: Working Group
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC): Ben Showers
• Kennisland: Paul Keller
• Reed Elsevier: Chris Shillum
• Social Science Research Network: Gregg Gordon
• The Wellcome Library: Cecy Marden
• University of Birmingham: Jill Russell
Approval of Proposal January 2013
Appointment of Working Group February 2013
Approval of Initial Work Plan March 2013
Completion of Information Gathering June-July 2013
Completion of Initial Draft November 2013
Public Comment Period January 2014
<<WE ARE HERE>>
Completion of Final Draft March 2014
Current Status and Roadmap
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• <free_to_read>
• <license_ref>
NISO OAMI Recommendations
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• Indicates content can be read or viewed by any user without payment or authentication
• Simple attribute of “yes” or “no”
• Optional start and end dates to accommodate embargoes, special offers, etc.
For example, the following records indicate that the content is under an one-year embargo from its date of publication on February 3, 2014. At the expiration of the embargo, it becomes freely available to all readers:
<free_to_read="no" start_date="2014-02-3” end_date=”2015-02-03"/>
<free_to_read="yes" start_date="2015-02-3”/>
<free_to_read> Tag
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
• Content of this tag would include a stable identifier expressed as an HTTP URI
• URI would point to license terms that are human and/or machine readable
• Multiple URIs can be listed if article exists under specific license for certain period of time and then changes
<license_ref start_date="2014-02-03">http://www.psychoceramics.org/license_v1.html</license_ref>
<license_ref start_date="2015-02-03">http://www.psychoceramics.org/open_license.html</license_ref>
The <license_ref> approach will enable community norms to develop around recognized licenses. This could be done by an organization, or a group of organizations, establishing a whitelist of recognized licenses. This gives flexibility for “openness” to be defined differently for different communities.
<license_ref> Tag
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Growth of OA + More Funder Mandates + Hybrids =
Lots of OA papers with different associated rights and responsibilities =
Confusion WRT who can do what when
+
OA Metadata Indicator =
Transmittal of an article’s openness in a manner that makes discovery, tracking, readership, and (hopefully) reuse
straightforward
Benefits of Successful Implementation
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Thank You
Greg Tananbaum, ScholarNext Consulting
Greg Tananbaum
www.scholarnext.com
NISO Webinar • March 5, 2014
Questions?All questions will be posted with presenter answers on the NISO website following the webinar:
http://www.niso.org/news/events/2014/webinars/what_is_open/
NISO Two-Part Webinar, Part 1: The Infrastructure of Open Access: Knowing What is Open
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