projekt anglisht
Post on 15-Jul-2015
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The conditionals in the English language
The zero conditional (always true) If X happens, Y happens.
• If you go , I come with you.
• When I was a child, if you didn’t have money for something, you couldn’t buy it.
• If you press the switch, the light comes on.
•OTHER EXAMPLES:
•IF YOU HEAT WATER, IT BOILS.
• IF YOU BOIL WATER, IT TURNS INTO STREAM.
• IF YOU COOL THE STEAM , IT TURNS BACK TO THE PRIMARY MODE.
• IF YOU HEAT A PIECE OF METAL, IT EXPANDS.
• IF YOU FREEZE A PIECE OF METAL, IT CONTRACTS.
• IF YOU FREEZE WATER, IT EXPANDS.
IF
EXAMPLES:
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER, COMPANIES WON’T CUT DOWN SO TREES.
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES METAL AND GLASS, WE WON’T WASTE VALUABLE RESOURCES.
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER ,METAL AND GLASS , WE WON’T PRODUCE SO MUCH RUBBISH.
• IF EVERYONE TURNS OFF UNWANTED LIGHTS, WE WILL SAVE A LOT OF ELECTRICITY.
• IF EVERYONE WALKS OR CYCLES, WE WON’T WASTE SO MUCH OIL AND PETROL.
• IF COUNTRIES USE POWER STATIONS LESS , IT WILL CAUSE LESS AIR POLLUTION.
UNLESS , IN CASE, PROVIDED, AS LONG AS.
UNLESS AND IN CASE + PRESENT SIMPLE• UNLESS MEANS :”IF NOT”. WE USE
IT WHEN WE SAY THAT IF SOMETHING DOES NOT HAPPEN, SOMETHING ELSE WILL HAPPENT.
• EX. UNLESS WE DEAL WITH THE GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM, AVERANGE TEMPERATURES WILL RISE.
• “IN CASE” DESCRIBES A POSSIBLE SITUATION WE WANT TO BE PERPARED FOR.
• EX. TAKE AN UMBRELLA IN CASE IT RAINS.
• TAKE A PAIR OF RUNNING SHOES IN CASE YOU NEED THEM.
PROVIDED, AS LONG AS + PRESENT SIMPLE
• PROVIDED AND AS LONG AS MEAN ONLY IF.
• EX. PROVIDED WE REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, WE CAN SLOW DOWN GLOBAL WARMING. OR
• EX. AS LONG AS WE REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, WE CAN SLOW DOWN GLOBAL WARMING.
• Examples:
• What would happen if the Earth stopped turning?
• If the Earth didn’t have a Moon, there wouldn’t be any tides.
• If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
Examples
• If you were a horse, you would see everything in black and white.
• If you looked inside your own eye at the images there, they would be upside down, and they would be moving.
• The world’s oceans contain huge amounts of salt. In fact , if you removed all the salt from the oceans , you would be able to use it to build a wall about 300 km wide and a km tall all around the Earth.
• If I’d seen you, I would have said hello.
• If Alexander the Great had marched west instead of east, he would have conquered the whole of Europe.
• If more Vikings had gone to North America, the Viking settlements would have succeed.
• If Columbus had sailed east in 1492, he would have reached China or Japan.
OTHER EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
WISHES
• About the present:• When we use “wish” to make a
wish about the present present, we use the unreal past simple, as in an unreal conditional sentence.
• I wish I knew more about European history.
• Wishes about the past.• When we use “wish” to make a
wish about the past, we use the past perfect, as in an impossible past conditional sentence.
• I wish I had been present at the battle of Waterloo.
• Wishes with would• We also use “wish” with would
when we want someone to do something or not to do something. This is often because we think it is a bad habit.
• I wish you wouldn’t keep staring at me!
• I wish Pete would phone.• If only • We can use “if only” to make a
stronger kind of wish about the present or the past.
• If only I knew more about European history!
• If only I had studied harder!
• If X had happened, Y would be different.• We often think about past events, and their effects on the
present.• If Chris hadn’t gone to the hospital, he wouldn’t be alive
today.• If I hadn’t brought a map we would be lost!• If we hadn’t gone to the
theatre last night he would be alive today.
• If I hadn’t invated Russia, perhaps I still would be Emperor.
The summary of all conditionals
Thank you!
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