schlangen_selfhealing_betonica-webinar-2012.pdf

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Self Healing Concrete and Asphalt Erik Schlangen and many colleagues in the Microlab Section Materials & Environment – Microlab Civil Engineering & Geosciences Delft University of Technology E-mail: h.e.j.g.schlangen@tudelft.nl Blogs: www.selfhealingasphalt.blogspot.com www.selfhealingconcrete.blogspot.com

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Outline

• Background

• RILEM TC 221 - Self Healing Concrete

• Some examples

• Different Self-Healing projects at Delft University

• Conclusions and Future Research

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Mixing concrete The simple version

Gravel

Sand

Cement

Solid parts:

Water

Liquid part:

According to: Mario de Rooij

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Creating materials with better performance and longer service life

Gravel Sand Cement

Water

Slag Fly ash Silica fume

Fillers Steel Fibers Polymer fibers Accelerator

Retarder

Stabilizer

Air entrainer

Super plasticizer

Water entrainer

Recycled aggregates

According to: Mario de Rooij

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Creating materials with better performance and longer service life

Time

Performance

original

Improved grade

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Damage in concrete structures

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Self Healing ambitions (single event)

Time

Performance

Existing materials

Self healing material

Existing materials

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Self healing ambitions (multiple healing)

Time

Performance

original

improvement

Multiple self healing

Cost of repair versus healing

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Cos

t - P

erfo

rman

ce

Time

Required strength

1st repair 2nd repair A Normal

B High quality material

A Normal

B High quality

Cos

t - P

erfo

rman

ce

Time

Required strength

Self repair

Self Healing Material

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Lessons from nature

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RILEM TC 221 Self Healing Concrete

• Dr. Oguzhan COPUROGLU • Prof. Nele DE BELIE • Dr. Mario DE ROOIJ • Dr. Carola EDVARDSEN • Prof. Mette GEIKER • Prof. Dr Ningxu HAN • Mr Chengwei HAO • Prof. R. Doug HOOTON • Mr. Haoliang HUANG • Dr. Antony D. JEFFERSON • Prof. Konstantin KOVLER • Dr. Jianzhong LAI • Prof. Robert LARK • Prof. Victor C. LI • Dr. Ahmed LOUKILI • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Viktor

MECHTCHERINE

• Prof. Hirozo MIHASHI • Prof. Lars-olof NILSSON • Mr. Tomoya NISHIWAKI • Shunzhi QIAN • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans W. REINHARDT • Dr Erik SCHLANGEN • Mr. Yeqing SHEN • Mr Luguang SONG • Dr Pavel TRTIK • Prof. Dr. Ir. Klaas VAN BREUGEL • Mrs Kim VAN TITTELBOOM • Prof. Jason WEISS • Dr. Guang YE • Mrs Xiongzhou YUAN

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International Conferences on Self Healing

• 1st Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Noordwijk (NL), van der Zwaag et al., 2007

• 2nd Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Chicago (USA), White et al. 2009

• 3rd Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Bath (UK), Bond et al. 2011

• 4th Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Ghent (BE), de Belie et al. 2013

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Text books on self healing materials

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S.R.White et.al University of Illinois, Nature, 2001

Self Healing of: Polymers Coatings Metals Composites Concrete / Asphalt ……

Why Self-Healing of Concrete?

• Durability • Functionality • Leakage • (feeling of) Structural safety • Aesthetics

Regaining mechanical properties Blocking the path

Cracked water retaining concrete slab

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Some Possible Mechanisms for Self-Healing: a) Formation of CaCO3 of Ca(OH)2 in crack b) Loose parts blocking the crack path c) Ongoing hydration in the crack d) Swelling of cement matrix

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Requirements for Self-Healing Given in Literature:

a) Water should be present b) Crack width < 0.2 mm c) Water pressure not too large d) Liquid may not lead to a leaching or

dissolution reaction e) Stable crack

Carola Edvardsen (COWI) Hans Reinhardt (Stuttgart)

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ECC, Victor Li Univ. Michigan

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C. Joseph & T. Jefferson, Cardiff Univ, UK

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Embedded glass tubes A

A

A - A:

Steel reinforcement Coupled glass tubes(a) (b)

LVDT

Clamping plate

Sample60mmx60mmx220mm

Pressure plate

Van Tittelboom & de Belie, Ghent, Belgium

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Kishi et.al Tokyo

Additives and expansive agents for self healing

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‘Active’ Self-Healing System

Supply of Repair agent

Self-healing using selective heating around generated crack

Actuating function

Released repair agent fill and harden in the crack

Processing function

Selective heating around the crack melts the pipe

Organic film pipe

Strain monitoring sensor as Heating device

Sensing function

Partial increasing of resistance of heating device

Current

`Mihashi, Nishiwaki, Japan

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An optimal self healing material

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Self Healing Concrete

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Goal:

development of concrete

with high self-crack-healing capacity

using bacteria as self-healing agent

Jonkers, …, Schlangen. Microlab TUDelft

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Calcium lactate (=food) Bacteria

+

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lactate + O2 acetate + CaCO3 + CO2 bacteria

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

Concrete carbonation

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Henk explains the project

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The natural laboratory:

‘Extremophilic bacteria’

Mono Lake USA: Alkaliphilic bacteria

Bacillus pseudofirmus pH 11.5

Endospores

Endospores: - Specialized cells, metabolically inactive - Resist high temperatures and mechanical forces, - Viable for 50-200 years

Self Healing

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Bacteria

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'Bio-minerals'

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'Bio-minerals'

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Measuring permeability

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Self Healing Concrete Pavilion (Breda)

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New tools to make self healing ‘pill’

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Self Healing Concrete –BACTERIA - Stamp

Development of Ductile Materials

• Prof V.C. Li Michigan

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With ….. Wood Fibres Dr. Lupita Sierra and few MSc students

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Self Healing of Fibre Concrete

• Self healed specimen Before retest • Self healed specimen After retest

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Self Healing of Fibre Concrete

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Self Healing of SHCC, different approaches Bio-concrete Ongoing hydration Addition of hollow fibres

with healing agent

Addition of SAP

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Modelling of Fibre Concrete

lattice beam

fibre beam

bond beam

square grid

fibre node

lattice node

extra node

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Modelling Fibre Concrete

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Modelling Fibre Concrete

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Modelling Fibre Concrete (SHCC)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

deformation [mm]

load

[N]

2.00%

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context for applications

a. Porous core/layer is created and put in the concrete which

later on is changed into dense layer. b. Concrete deforms, settles,

shrinks, swells and cracks.

c. Healing agent; e.g. epoxy-based binder, cement slurry or mortar,

bacteria containing liquid will be injected.

d. Healed concrete; a new

approach.

Porous Network Concrete

Sangadji, Schlangen. Microlab TUDelft

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a. Porous layer will be place between wall and slab, b. Self healing mortar will be infused after hardening, expansion and shrinkage.

context for applications Porous Network Concrete

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Porous Network Concrete production and features

bone-like concrete; a new hierarchical material is made in which sponge-like core is surrounded by solid concrete.

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www.selfhealingconcrete.blogspot.com

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Self Healing Asphalt

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ZOAB: zeer open asfalt beton

(very porous asphalt concrete)

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Ravelling

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Ravelling

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Alvaro explains the project:

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Induction heating approach

+ Induction heating Zoom

aggregates microcack

bitumen conductive fibers Opening of microcracks

Crack closed

Induction heating

Melted bitumen

Conductive fibre

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Induction healing (Healing)

Induction

-20 ºC 1 2

3 4

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Induction healing (Healing)

0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

0,14

0,16

Forc

e (K

N)

100 %

70 %

2 minutes healing

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And now ….. On the road…

• Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Government) gave us 400 meter of the A58 Highway in The Netherlands

• Where we made self healing asphalt with the steel-wool fibres

• That we should ‘heal’ regularly when needed and monitor for a long period

• Project is realized in December 2010 • Material-optimization and lab-testing are part of the

project and running

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Test Location

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Test Location

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The Road

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Testing

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Results

0,0E+00

5,0E+02

1,0E+03

1,5E+03

2,0E+03

2,5E+03

0,0E+00 5,0E+04 1,0E+05 1,5E+05 2,0E+05 2,5E+05 3,0E+05

Fatigue loading cycles

Flex

ual s

tiffn

ess

[MPa

]

Without rest periods

With rest periods and heating

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www.selfhealingasphalt.blogspot.com

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Conclusions

• Self Healing is not just a Hype! • It really works! • It needs input from different

disciplines • It can save a lot of money

• Less repair work • Less material use • Less traffic jams • Good for the environment

• RILEM TC-221 gives insight!

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