the ottoman empire
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A History
The Ottoman Empire
Turkic Migrations into Middle East
Osman’s People
Ottoman Expansion
Ottoman Interregnum
Taking of Constantinople
Origins - 1453
Strong Sultans:1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror)
Captured Constantinople1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated
And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt.
1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa
1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans
1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.
1453-1683
Strong Sultans:1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror)
Captured Constantinople1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated
And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt.
1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa
1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans
1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.
1453-1683
In addition to an era of military expansion, interesting cultural aspects of the Empire were developing.
1465: Completion of Topkapi palace in Istanbul, seat of Ottoman Power.
1492: Bayezit II makes a point of welcoming Jews exiled by Spain to Istanbul.
1547: Hapsburg leader Ferdinand recognizes Ottoman rule in Hungary
1648-1656: Sultanate of Women
Notable Events
September 1683, Ottoman army once again laid siege to Vienna, troubling time for German princes who also had to confront Louis XIV on the Rhine.
Jan Sobieski, King of Poland came to the aid of Vienna, sought diversion from internal disputes with nobility.
Rode out upon Ottoman encampment, captured huge amounts of material supplies, symbolic tokens and “Veni, Vidi, Deus Vicit”
*Spoiler Alert* Led to 1699 Peace of Carlowitz.
Turning Point
Military defeat and Political reorganization
Defeat came on three fronts—the Balkans against the Hapsburgs, the Black Sea against the Russians, and the East against the Safavid Empire
1683 - 1783
“Great Turkish War of 1683-1697Vienna, 1683Mohacs, 1687Slankamen, 1691Zenta, 1697Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699Treaty of Passarowitz, 1718
Balkans
Azov, 1695
Treaty of Constantinople, 1700
Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774
Crimea Annexed, 1783
Black Sea
Loss of Azerbaijan, 1723-1736
Central Asia
Ottoman Military reforms
Treaties vs. Actively seeking conflict
The Serbian Revolution and other independence movements
Tanzimat Period
Crimean War
1783 - 1856
1856- Treaty of Paris
1877- Russo-Turkish War
1878- Treaty of San Stefano
1878- Congress of Berlin
1856 - 1878
1893- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was founded
1895-1897 – External Organization/ IMRO begin guerilla warfare
1911- Tripolitanian War
1912– Balkan Wars
The Balkans and Italy
1914 – World War I begins
1915-1916 – Armenian Massacre
1916--Battle of Gallipoli
1920—Treaty of Sevres
1922—Most Greeks in Anatolian fled leaving only Turks
1923/1924—Sultanate and then Caliphate were abolished
World War I and End of Empire
The Ottoman Legacy
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