tianchengz logbook final submission

Constructing EnvironmentsLog Book

--Tiancheng Zhu 692083

Week 1 log book

Knowledge map

Construction

Material

Sustainability

Material

behaviors

Shape

Economy

Stiffness

Strength

BASIC STRUCTURAL FORCES

Force

-any influence that produces a change in the shape or

movement of a body.

Tension Forces Compression

Forces

Load paths

Dead load &

Live loads

Reaction

loads

Diagram on

next page

Group activities

For the first week's group

activities, we plan to use

the timber bricks to

establish a tower which

provides with a entrance

for the toy dog and a roof

that can cover the tower.

After our group discussion,

we consider that the most

simple way for arranging

the bricks is probably the

most stable way.

While we are building, we think

about two related things which

is necessary:

z A entrance that allow the toy dog to move in and out loosely.

z A small Arc that higher the height of the toy dog

Two bricks' distance

As we are making it higher, we find some trouble at the corner that we can only leave the problem at there.

We still use rubber band to make the roof which can cover the top of the tower.

Our tutor put some heavy things

on the top of our tower in order

to test the stability and we

achieve a pretty good result!

The reason why we can succeed is that there is no space between each two bricks and the compression and tension on the brick act equally which is also an important factor.

Comparison with other class

These two towers show me some new ideas of making towers, they make

the roof without the rubber band instead of angle tricks for building

them. They may not as stable as we are, but in aesthetic view, they have a

amazing structural and out looking. This is the information I should

acquire from them.

Week 2 Log Book

Knowledge map for elearning:

studio session activities reports

Preparation for 'balsa tower' z sharp knife z tape & glue z pieces of basla First step: make a draft

� With the reference with Performance &

Requirements, we plan to make it high

and stable.

� Consider about Aesthetic Qualities, our

group plan to make multiple-triangles

to make it simple and nice.

This impression drawing I find on the Internet which is close to our plan and draft.

For pratical making part:

When we are making the foundation for the tower, we use kind of cross bracing to keep the frame more stable.

More importantly, we add a knee brace frame in the foundation to keep it like a simple K-brace form so that can bear the force act itself more safely.

As we are finish the tower, we find that some of our connection elements are not that stable as we expected. So we add some fixed joints to make the connectors and members more stable and of course more aesthetic.

Comparison with others' group

Our classmates use the simplest triangle way to establish their tower for their group. From my view, indeed it is stable but it must have all the members. If only one of them is cut, the load path will be also block and the force cannot exert on the object itself, therefore it falls down.

In order to test the stability of the tower, we cut some members of the system.

It fells down until we cut some balsa in the bottom, which shows the safety of the tower we made.

The reason of why our tower is more stable than 'the triangles one' is that the load paths are still the same act on the object and the dead load maintain the same as well.

Week 3 Log Book

--Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Knowledge map for e-learning

Foundation System

Structural System

v Foundation elementsMaterial consideration:

Mass

v

v

Constructing EnvironmentsLog Book

--Tiancheng Zhu 692083

• Frame system– With obvious beams and columns

Underground car park & South lawn

– This beam does not contribute to support the columns and the structural of café.

– The red arrows show how loads move

Lot 6 cafe

– Use the basement as a basement foundation

– Transform the load into arc

• Shell system

– Concrete construction– With Trees on its top

Arts west student center

• Frame system– With trusses and joints

Stairs on west endof union house

• Steel Structure– With cable joists

– Loads transform by tension from the cable (cables pull the beams then the beams can support the stairs so that stairs can transform the load back to the building)

– Live loads will firstly transform on strain then transform on beams which tied by cables (as graphs show)

North court Union House

l• Membrane system

– With cables and joints

BeaurepaireCenter Pool

• Surface system• Windows are

used as enclosure system

l

Oval Pavilion(north side of wall)

• Hybrid system(Rigid joint frame &Enclosure frame)– Concrete solid

base timber roof– Column in the

middle of the beam all the loads go back to there

New Melbourne School of Design under construction

• Concrete frame system– With

concreteblocks

Old Geology South Lecture Theatre Entry

Structure

• Steel frame system bricks outside

l

Frank Tate Pavilion

• Frame system mainly• Concrete and timber roofs as

enclosure system

--Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Week 4 Log Book

Knowledge map for e-learning

(some of the details are in the glossary)

Group Activity: Scale, Annotation and Working Drawing Conventions

• Q:How does the scale of the building compare to the scale of the drawings? How do the architectural and structural drawing differ?

Extra Questions

•A: Different part of building may use different scale for drawing. We always use a bigger scale for more detailed drawings and a small scale for a plan or elevation(like 1:100@A1).•Architectural drawing is used for design and it is used to understand the concept of design and space. However, structural drawing is more useful for the people who builds the architecture.

--Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Week 5 Log Book

Knowledge Map(The details will show in the following)

Framing Elements

Structural Frames

Concrete Frames

Steel Frames

Timber Frames(Post and Beam)

Load Bearing Walls

Concrete

Masonry

Stud Walls

Light Grauge Steel Framing

Timber Framing

Wood to Timber

Provenance

Structural Nature of

Wood

TYPES

TIMBER SEASONED

Engineered timber

Group Activity: Structural Concept• First, draw plan graph so that we can decide

what materials should buy for the model

•Process of making model

•Structural Elements

•Load bearing column (as we are not finishing the whole wood truss)

•Footing of Foundation which aiming to reinforce the building into soil

•Comparison between other group

Week 6 Log Book

--Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Knowledge map

Group Activity: Full Size knowledge map

Week 7 Log Book

--Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

• --Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Week 8 Log Book

Knowledge map

Group Activity: In detail

•The detail is a horizontal plan which at the corner of a window

•The copy of the detail drawing

Week 9 Log Book

• --Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Knowledge Map

Group activity: Off campus• This week we have a off campus site visit in order to develop an

ability to understand an unfamiliar building site and the different system used in construction projects of various scales

Foundation system(basement): Ground Anchors•To use this way in order to reinforce the foundation which at the retaining wall which loads will distribute into mud.

¾Ground Anchors is a time saving solution for sites nowadays.

Image retrieved from: http://www.earthcontactproducts.com/INTRODUCTION_TO_SOIL_NAILS.asp

Steel Frame System: BondekFormwork

•temporary formwork that will support the floor construction above(concrete and steel slab

Steel Structural System(top floor)

•Shear bracing that capable of resisting changes in shape and transferring lateral loads to the ground foundation

Shear bolts

Some strategies being use

•Post tension¾Pre-tensioned concrete is cast around steel cables or bars, while they are under tension. The concrete bonds to the tendons as it cures, and when the tension is released it is transferred to the concrete as compression by friction.

Image retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_concrete

•Pre-cast concrete panels connection

�A Wedge between two panels and then use concrete to connect them

Week 10 Log Book

• --Tiancheng Zhu(692083)

Knowledge map

Group activity: Detailing Volume

•The gap between two materials should be sill

•Double grazing is used for thermal insulation and sound insulation

•Thermal insulation(external walls)

• 3D graph •The caulk junction is used as waterproofing that prevent corrosion of moisture

•The sill is not finished. The gap is risky because that it might not prevent corrosion and heat which may damage the material

Subject Glossary

Load paths

Beam & Column

z Beams are rigid structural members designed to carry and transfer

transverse loads across space to supporting elements.

z Column are rigid, relatively slender structural members designed

primarily to support axial compressive loads applied to the ends of

the members.

TENSION FORCES

z When an external load pulls on a structural member, the particles

composing the material move apart and undergo tension. Tension

forces stretch and elongate the material. The amount of elongation

depends on the stiffness of the material, cross sectional area, and

the magnitude of the load.

COMPRESSION FORCES

z A compression force produces the opposite effect of a tension force.

When an external load pushes on a structural member, the particles

of the material compact together. Compression forces result in the

shortening of the material.

Subject Glossary

z Structural joints

z Bracing

z Environmentally Sustainable Design(ESD)

COMMON ESD STRATEGIES

� LOLCAL MATERIALS

� MATERIAL EFFICIENCY

� THERMAL MASS

� NIGHT AIR PURGING

� SOLAR ENERGY

� WIND ENERGY

� CROSS VENTILATION

� SMART SUN DESIGN

� INSULATION

� WATER HARVESTING

For this week lecture learning

model• plastic bowl• straw

system• construction system• structural system

details• Performance&Requirements: object'sSafety&Stability

By using the Cross bracing in order to meet the requirements of Safety & Stability

Week 3 Subject glossary• Moment

– The moment of a force is the tendency to make an object or a point rotate.•   A force will only produce a moment

about a point if it is applied at a distance from that point along a line of action that does not pass through the point.

•   Moments are measured by the product of the force magnitude and the perpendicular distance between the line of the action of the force and the point (this distance is called the moment arm).

• Moments also have magnitude and sense. Since moments are the product of force and distance, the units are expressed in Newton-meter (Nm) or Kilonewton-meter (kNm).

   Mo = F x d (i.e. moment = force x distance)

• Slab on the ground– Concrete slabs-on-grade

supported directly by the earth and thickened to carry wall and column loads form an economical foundation and floor system for one- and two-story structures in climates where little or no ground frost occurs

• Pad Footings: Also called isolated footings, these type of footing help to spread a point over a wider area of ground

• Strip Footings: used when loads from a wall or a series of columns is spread in a linear manner

• Retaining walls: are used when sites are excavated to create basement or where changes in site levels need to be stabilized. The pressure load of the earth behind the wall need to be considered to prevent the wall from over turning

Week4 Subject GlossarySpan• is the distance measured

between two structural supports.

• can be measured between vertical supports (for a horizontal member) or between horizontal supports (for a vertical member).

• is not necessarily the same as the length of a member.

Spacing• is the repeating distance

between a series of like or similar elements.

• is often associated with supporting elements (such as beams, columns etc.) and can be measured horizontally or vertically.

• is generally measured centre-line to centre-line.

Span & Spacing• SPACING of the

supporting elements depends on the SPANNINGcapabilities of the supported elements

Girders• Structural

girders are used to construct a part of skeleton frame for structures ranging in size from one-story buildings to skyscrapers.

Concrete Planks• Precast concrete planks are part

of floor deck

Steel decking

Joists• There are many

different kinds of joist: Steel joists, wood joists, etc. (This is a example of wood joists framing

Week 5 Subject Glossary•STUDS & NOGGINGS

•LINTEL

•Buckling

Week 6 Subject Glossary• Alloy -- Non-Ferrous metals

Image retrieved from http://www.samarthengineers.com/fabrication_services.html

• Cantilever

• Rafter & Purling • Eave & Soffit

Week 7 Subject Glossary

•Insulation

•Vapor retarder

•Gutters

•Flashing

•Down pipe Image retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/s1250e/s1250e0l.htm

•Sealants•Insulation

•Parapet •Drip

Week 8 Subject Glossary

•Deflection

•Moment of inertia

•Stress & Shearing force

•Window Sash

•Door furniture¾Door hard ware¾Door hinges¾Door Locksets

Image retrieved from: http://islandtropicsgroup.com/ASCOTLock.html

Week 9 Subject Glossary• Sandwich panels

– generally consist of two outer metal sheets (steel, aluminum, other) with a stabilizing core of insulation sandwiched between them.

Image and information retrieved from: http://www.rockwool-coresolutions.com/sandwich+panel+technology/sandwich+panel+definition

Image retrieved from: http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/3305062/U_PVC_rubber_sides_skirting_board.html

• Skirting

• Shadow line joint– This type of joint is

recommended for engineered stone/manufactured stone.

Image and information retrieved from: http://www.auskstone.com.au/Sydney-Kitchen-Benchtop/Sydney-Kitchen-Stones-Factory-services

• Bending

• Cornice

Week 10 Subject Glossary

•Shear Wall•For equilibrium, the overturning moment must be counterbalanced by an external restoring moment and an internal resisting moment provided by forces developed in column members and shear walls.

•Soft storey

Image and information retrieved from: http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/12/10/stories/2005121000870300.htm

It is relatively flexible in the ground storey, i.e., the relative horizontal displacement it undergoes in the ground storey is much larger than what each of the storey above it does. This flexible ground storey is also called soft storey.

• Life cycle • Defect

• Fascias• Braced Frame

Image retrieved from: http://www.mcilhattons.com/fasica-soffit-guttering

Activity: Workshop

• Plywood– 1200mm span– Strong in compression when placed vertically

• Pine– 1200mm span– Weak in tension

• Nail– Reinforcement for connection

• Screws– May make a weakness point

Materials & Tools

Destructive TestOur designing structure collapses at the point when the load applied on it, it just reach about 430KG. It should be wider so that can reduce the bending stress

The crack is at where we use the drill to screw the plywood and pine, it makes a weakness point.

Comparison with other group

•This group uses the triangle to reinforce its structure which is a good way but the triangle itself is more stable than the structural itself which will reduce the stiffness

Reference list

z Ching, F. D. K. (2008). Building construction illusrated (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

z Figure of ESD, Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=s-Rf9Qv140UFoM&tbnid=7XPj2B2F-sro5M:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbunnconstruction.homestead.com%2Feco-friendly-design.html&ei=XCIrU9aVBsrUkgXJs4CoBg&bvm=bv.62922401,d.dGI&psig=AFQjCNEQtQgYByvowcWWoZHnlD9wiqDxEg&ust=1395422171285334 z All the pictures are took individually.

•  Ching, F. D. K. (2008). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (reedited by Tiancheng Zhu 692083)

•    Images  and  information  are  retrieved  below  the pictures.

• Other pictures are took personally.