unit 1 scientific inquiry ppt.pptx [read-only] · microsoft powerpoint - unit 1 scientific inquiry...
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GRAPHING NOTES
Graphs are helpful because they create pictures of the data collected. They can show trends, patterns or relationships that may exist within the data.
Line Graphs
● Line graphs are usually used to show time series data -that is how one or more variables change over a continuous period of time
● Line graphs can also be appropriate for displaying data that are measured over other continuous variables such as temperature or pH ranges.
● Line graphs are particularly useful for identifying patterns and trends in the data
LOCATE YOUR Y AXIS!THIS IS WHERE YOU WILL PLACE THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
Y Axis
LOCATE YOUR X AXIS!THIS IS WHERE YOU WILL PLACE THEDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
X Axis
REMEMBER DRY MIX TO HELP WITH VARIABLES!
Same variable, different name!
Same variable, different name!
TITLE YOUR GRAPH!
Here’s a few simple tips:
● Steal the name for the graph from up above the data table!
OR
● Substitute the actual names for the independent and dependent variables into the following statement:
● The effect of independent variable on the dependent variable.
DETERMINING RANGE AND SCALE !
● Decide on an appropriate scale for each axis.
● Choose a scale that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data.
● Scale is determined by your highest & lowestvalues found on each side of the data table.
● Each axis will have it’s own scale.
How to Determine Scale
• For the x axis, it will be 2002 minus 1995. That is a difference of 7.
• For the y axis, it will be 2600 minus 2000.That is a difference of 600.
Xaxis
Yaxis
How to Determine Intervals
• An interval is the amount of space between one number on a graph to the next number or one type of data to the next type of data.
• Each interval on an axis should be of equal value and evenly spaced.
• The interval is decided by using your range.
• It is always best to try to go with the smallest interval possible as this will spread the data out over the greatest area.
● It is not necessary to start your scale at zero.
● Do not use breaks in your graph.
Minnesota Wolf Population
2000
2600
2700
Years
Est
ima
ted
Pop
ulat
ion
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
• Graphs not only have the data, but they show changes in the data.
• When interpreting graphs you are basically making an observation as to how the dependent variable on the x axis is responding to the independent variable on the y axis.
• This allows you to see if there is some type of pattern or trend in the data.
Interpreting Graphs
POPULATION GRAPHSTHEY EACH TELL A DIFFERENT STORY!
1. The population remained the same over time.2. The population suddenly started increasing very quickly! 3. The population steadily increased over time.
# 1 # 2 # 3
BAR GRAPHS
• They are used to display and compare the number, frequency or other measures for different categories or groups of things.
• Since the x-axis (the horizontal axis) represents the different categories it has no scale.
• The y-axis (the vertical axis) does have a scale and this indicates the units of measurement.
• There are various ways in which bar graphs can be constructed and this makes them very flexible.
Examples of Bar Graphs
HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL ?
● It doesn’t make any difference! ● The graph still says the same thing!
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