us history ch 19.1

U.S. History

Chapter 19: The Civil WarSection 1: The War Begins

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

• Seven states had seceded prior to Lincoln’s inauguration

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict, without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have ht most solemn on to ‘preserve, protect and defend’ it.”

—Abraham Lincoln

First Inaugural Address

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

• Ft. Sumter—on of the most important federal outposts in the South

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

• Ft. Sumter controlled entrance to Charleston Harbor

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

•March 1861: fort running low on supplies

•Lincoln orders resupply of fort

•South Carolina orders surrender

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

•Robert Anderson: Union commander who refused to leave Fort Sumter

Robert Anderson

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

•Pierre Beauregard: Confederate commander at Fort Sumter

Pierre Beauregard

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

• April 12, 1861: Confederates open fire on Ft. Sumter

Lincoln Faces a Crisis

• Anderson surrenders after 34 hour bombardment

Choosing Sides

• North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, & Arkansas secede

Choosing Sides

• Border States—four slave states of strategic importance to both the North & South

• Supported the Union

The Volunteer Spirit

• Union army had only 16,000 troops

• Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

• Families divided

The Volunteer Spirit

•Mary Todd Lincoln: had four brothers fight for the Confederacy

Mary Todd Lincoln

The Volunteer Spirit

•Elizabeth Blackwell: first woman to receive a license to practice medicine

Elizabeth Blackwell

The North vs. the South

•Union advantages

–Larger population

–More factories & shipyards

–Railways

–Better able to raise money

The North vs. the South

•Confederate advantages:

–Military tradition

–Defensive war

The North vs. the South

•Union strategy:

–Naval blockade

–Control Mississippi

Winfield Scott

The North vs. the South

•Southern strategy

–Defend territory and “wear down” Union

–Attack Washington, D.C.

–Cotton diplomacy

The North vs. the South

•Cotton diplomacy—used by the south to try and gain foreign support

North South

Slave states that joined

Advantages

Disadvantages

Strategies