wind energy in hawaii

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Energy in Hawaii

UHMRenewable Energy and Island Sustainability

September 2009

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Presentation Topics

• Resource and technology• Wind development in Hawaii• Issues • Future activities

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Wind Description and Considerations

• Wind power

– Conversion of wind’s kinetic energy into electricity

• Considerations

– Strong, steady winds from 15 mph

– Average land intensity (7-40 acres per MW)

– Low turbulence

– Flat area if possible

– Clear of obstructions

– Suitable crane, harbor access, and site accessibility

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Wind Technology Development

Wind energy development in the 1970s to early 1990s led to an optimum wind turbine design

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Wind Schematic

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Wind Turbine Development

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Typical Power Output vs. Wind Speed Curve

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Wind Energy Cost

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State High Resolution Wind Density Map

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Wind Density Map of Oahu

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Kahuku -- Wind Energy ResearchMOD-0A Wind Turbine (1980)

• U.S. Department of Energy/NASA wind demonstration project

• HECO operated MOD-0A for 2 years

• Westinghouse 200 kW design

• Most productive of all 4 MOD-0A installations

• Capacity factor ~36 percent

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Kahuku Wind Farm DevelopmentWind Farm, Ltd. (1981)

• 80 MW private wind farm development at Kahuku

• EIS prepared• 20-4 MW wind turbines• 138 kV line from

Wahiawa to Kahuku • Project never

developed

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Kahuku Wind FarmWestinghouse Wind Turbines (1985)

• HERS owned and operated from 1985-1993

• 15 - 600 kW Westinghouse turbines

• Production lower than projected• Operation and maintenance was

higher than projected• New World Power owned and

operated from 1993 to 1996 (bankrupt)

• Reverted to landowner, Campbell Estates

• U.S. Army acquiring parcels at Kahuku for training

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Kahuku Wind Energy ResearchBoeing Mod-5B Wind Turbine (1987)

• HERS owned and operated from 1987-1993

• 3,200 kW Boeing turbine• World’s largest wind

turbine at the time• Last of federal-sponsored

turbines• Production was lower than

projected

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Kahuku Wind FarmU.S. Windpower (1991)

• U.S. Windpower proposed a 15 MW wind farm

• PUC approved power purchase agreement; however at lower price

• U.S. Windpower decided not to pursue

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Kaena Point Wind Energy Development (1994)

• Air Force examined (1-2 MW) wind farm development

• DOD funds available for renewable energy development

• Wind turbine solicitation• Draft EA developed for review.

Issues raised related to • Aesthetics• Bird kills• Cultural• Archeological

• Air Force withdrew solicitation--recommended project not be funded

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Kahe Wind FarmVisualization – Ko Olina Entrance (2005)

26 wind turbines for 39 MW

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Kahe Wind FarmPotential (26 turbines @ 39 MW)

KahePowerPlant Waimanalo Gulch Landfill

Nike Site

Camp Timberline

Meteorological tower

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Kahuku Wind FarmMilitary Site (2007)

• Discussions with Army

• Collected 1-yr data on existing communication tower

• Avian radar survey conducted in early 2007

• Awaited Army approval for other met tower and Sodar monitoring

• Army (Wash DC) opted not to pursue

Area of Interest

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Wind Density Map of Big Island

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Kahua Ranch Wind FarmBig Island (1983)

• Control Data Corporation• 3.4 MW• Phase 1: 18-17.5 kW Jacobs

wind turbines• Phase 2: 180-17.5 kW Jacob

wind turbines• Hawaiian Electric Renewable

Systems (HERS) owned and operated in 1987

• Wind farm shutdown in 1992

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Lalamilo Wind FarmBig Island (1985)

• Control Data Corporation

• 2.3 MW• 39-17.5 and 81-20 kW

Jacob wind turbines• HERS owned and

operated from 1987 to 1996

• HELCO asset from 1996

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Kama’oa Wind Farm Big Island (1987)

• Apollo Energy Corp.

• 9 MW• 37-250 kW

Mitsubishi wind turbines

• Planned expansion up to 20 MW

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Hawi Wind FarmBig Island (2006)

• Hawi Renewable Development (HRD)

• 10.56 MW wind farm• 16 wind turbines

(Vestas V47 - 660 kW)

• 241 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

• Operational in May 2006

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Pakini Nui Wind FarmBig Island (2007)

• Re-power to 20.5 MW

• 14 wind turbines• GE 1.5 MW• 380 ft. turbine

height (ground to blade tip)

• Operational in April 2007

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Wind Density Map of Maui

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Maui Wind Energy DevelopmentWindane Wind Turbine (1984)

• Danish Pacific Windpower owned and operated

• MECO hosted 340 kW wind

turbine demonstration• MECO later purchased the unit (1989)• Dismantled due to structural problems

(1991)

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Maui Wind Energy Development(1984, 2002)

• 10 MW private wind farm development in Kapalua (1984)

– Power purchase agreement (PUC approved)

– Problems in obtaining financing and land lease

– Power purchase agreement terminated (1989)

• Future 20 MW private wind farm development in Kaheawa (2001)

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Kaheawa Wind FarmMaui (2006)

• First Wind (formerly UPC)

• 30 MW • 20 wind

turbines • GE 1.5 MW

wind turbines• ~300 ft. turbine

height (ground to blade tip)

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Auwahi Wind Farm – Maui (Future)

• Shell WindEnergy development

• ~40 MW• Ulupalakua

Ranch

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Molokai Wind Energy DevelopmentVestas Wind Turbines (1991)

• 1 MW private wind farm development on Molokai

• Wind-Diesel wind farm demonstration

– 3-100 kW Vestas wind turbines

– 1-100 kW diesel generator• Electronic problems due to

possible lighting strike (1994)• Power purchase agreement

terminated (1997)

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Wind Challenges

• Regulating units are worked harder to maintain system stability

• Ride through for faults and frequency upsets

• Excess wind energy leads to curtailments• Wind projects must be located where wind

resource is (site availability, access, transmission/interconnection issues)

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Actual HELCO Frequency Scenario

HRD wind farm output

Apollo wind farm output

System frequency

Wind speed

Limited wind

farm output

Frequency stabilized

April 2007

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Facilitate Integration of Intermittent RE Resources

• Wind integration studies (GE)

• Electronic shock absorber

• Bulk energy storage evaluations

• Pumped storage hydro assessments (Big Island and Maui)

Address integration issues to allow for increased intermittent renewable

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HECO 100 MW Renewable Energy RFP

• Sept 2007 - SOI

• Feb 2008 - Draft RFP

• Mar 2008 - Technical Conference

• Jun 2008 - Final RFP

• Jul 2008 - Bidders Conference

• Sept 2008 – Bids Due

• Dec 2008 – Short List

• Aug 2009 - Award

Shell WindEnergy

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Big Wind to Oahu

Lanai• Castle &

Cooke• 200 MW• Undersea

cable to Oahu

Molokai• First Wind• 200 MW• Undersea cable to Oahu

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Wind Density Map of Maui

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Summary

• Everyone has a part to play– HECO– Businesses– Government– Individuals

• No one can do it alone

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QUESTIONS?

arthur.seki@heco.com

543-7987