an investigation into the mechanisms of

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    An investigation into the mechanisms of

    changes in mid-latitude storm tracks as

    greenhouse gases are increased.

    Ruth E. Carnell and Catherine A. Senior

    Hadley Centre technical notes 18

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    1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    2

    1

    1

    23

    1

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    0

    56 01

    MSLP: PWCON CON

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    21.5

    1.5

    1.5

    1.5

    20

    0.51 1.5

    1

    2

    11.5

    2

    1.5

    1.5

    1.5

    1

    00.50.5

    0.5

    00

    11

    1.5

    2 2

    21

    10.5

    0.51 1

    1.5

    0.50

    0

    21.5

    0.5

    1

    00.5

    2

    2

    1

    1.52

    SST: GHG CON

    180 90W 0 90E 18090S

    45S

    0

    45N

    90N

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0.2

    0.2

    0.4

    0

    0.2

    0

    0

    Seaice: GHG CON

    75 505075

    7575

    50

    50 50 0

    5050

    0

    250255075100

    757575

    50

    50

    50

    25025

    5075

    100

    50

    50

    75

    0

    50

    25025

    5075

    100

    25

    75

    25250

    25

    75

    75

    0

    0

    0

    Snow amount: GHG CON

    a

    b c

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    2

    2

    2

    2 1.5

    1

    2.5

    2.5

    2.5

    2.5

    2

    2.5

    1.5

    1

    5

    10

    21.5

    2.52

    2

    1

    T 1.5m: PWGHG PWCON

    1.5

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2.52.5

    2.5

    2.5

    2

    2.5

    2.5

    1.5

    1.5

    1.5

    2

    1

    5

    10

    12

    1.5

    2

    2

    .5

    T 1.5m: GHG CON

    0

    1

    1

    1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    0

    0

    2

    34

    4

    1

    123

    4

    5

    1

    MSLP: PWGHG PWCON

    0

    0

    0

    0 0

    1

    01

    1

    2

    34

    1

    MSLP: GHG CON

    a b

    c d

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    MSLP: dSBF PWCON

    0

    1 0

    0

    0

    1

    10

    23

    4

    0

    0

    2

    34

    5

    1

    01

    1

    MSLP: NOSST PWCON

    0

    0

    0

    1

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    2

    34

    11

    23

    0

    1

    MSLP: dSST PWCON

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    0

    1

    2

    3

    1

    2345

    2

    MSLP: dSI PWCON

    0

    00

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1 12

    1

    2

    3

    0

    2 1

    a b

    c d

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    MSLP: GMSST PWCON

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    00

    0

    0

    1 2

    12

    1

    1

    1

    1

    2

    2

    3

    4

    3

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    0

    0

    0

    0

    00

    0.05

    0.1

    0.05

    0

    0.050.05

    0.05

    Eady parameter on 500hPa:GMSST PWCON

    0.5

    0.5

    0.500

    00.5

    0.5 1

    11.5

    1.52

    2

    22.5

    2.53

    3

    2.5

    2.53

    2

    2

    2 1.51.51 10.50.5

    0 0

    0.50.5

    1 1

    3

    1

    1

    Temperature on 200 hPa: GMSST PWCON

    180 90W 0 90E 18090S

    45S

    0

    45N

    90N

    a

    b

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    Zonal mean 1.5 m temperature

    90S60S30S030N60N90NLatitude

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    GHGCONGHG3CON3

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    MSLP: ZMSST PWCON

    01

    1

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    0

    0

    0

    01

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    12

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    2

    2

    3

    3

    4

    5

    2

    0.05

    0

    0

    00

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.05

    0.05

    00.05

    0.1

    0.1

    0.0

    50

    0.05

    0.

    05

    0.1

    0.05

    0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.1

    Eady parameter on 500hPa:ZMSST PWCON

    a b

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    0 0

    0

    0

    00

    0

    1

    1

    1

    2

    1

    12

    1

    1

    MSLP: GHG3 CON3

    11.5

    1.5

    2

    1

    0.50.5

    1

    12

    1

    1

    1

    1.5

    1

    1 0.51.5 2

    1.5

    2

    000.5

    0.50

    01

    1

    0.50.5

    11.5

    1.5

    1

    2 1.52

    2.52 1.5

    1

    1.5 2 2

    1

    2

    0

    1.5

    0

    0.51

    1

    SST: GHG3 CON3

    180 90W 0 90E 18090S

    45S

    0

    45N

    90N

    a

    b

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    MSLP: CM3SST PWCON

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    0

    0

    1

    1

    2

    34

    1

    2

    3

    12

    1

    1

    1

    12

    MSLP: ZM3SST PWCON

    1

    1

    1

    1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    2

    0

    0

    2

    1

    3

    4

    4

    1

    1

    a b