analisis granulometrico
TRANSCRIPT
Diapositiva 1
HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO, Ing. MSc
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Diapositiva 2
Graduación y tamaño de las partículas
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Diapositiva 3
Objetivo: determinar cuantitativamente los
tamaños de las partículas de agregados gruesos y
finos de un material por medio de tamices de
abertura variables
Determinar la distribución de los tamaños de las
partículas de una muestra seca del agregado, por
separación a través de tamices dispuestos
sucesivamente de mayor a menor abertura.
Norma:I.N.V.E -213 ; ASTM C-136 ; AASHTO T-27 ; N L T -150
GRADUACION Y TAMAÑO MAXIMO DE PARTICULAS
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Diapositiva 4
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Diapositiva 5
Es uno de los ensayos que permiten obtener mayor
información sobre el comportamiento de un agregado en
servicio
Rigidez
Estabilidad
Durabilidad
Permeabilidad
Trabajabilidad
Resistencia friccionante
Resistencia a la fatiga
Resistencia a la acción del agua
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Diapositiva 6
APLICACIONES DEL ENSAYO
Determinar la granulometría de los materiales propuestos paraser utilizados como agregados.
Determinar el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de lasespecificaciones que son aplicables.
Para suministrar los datos necesarios para la producción deagregados con cierta granulometría.
Los datos pueden también emplearse para desarrollar lasrelaciones referentes a la porosidad y el acomodamiento.
Inferir propiedades mecánicas de los agregados
.
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Diapositiva 7
Hugo León Arenas Lozano
Granulometría• Medida del tamaño de los
granos• Se busca que haya la menor
cantidad de vacíos.
– Mayor compacidad
– Mayor resistencia compresión
– Menor permeabilidad
– Mayor durabilidad
– Mayor densidad
– Mayor resistencia desgaste
– Mayor economía
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Diapositiva 8
Hugo León Arenas Lozano
Medición de la granulometría• A través de tamices de
abertura cuadrada colocados de mayor a menor
• Denominación tamices:
Antes:por la medida de la abertura en
pulgadas hasta 1/8 y los más pequeños por el numero de huecos en una pulgada lineal.
Ahora: por la medida en mm. de la abertura
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Diapositiva 9
A través de tamices de
abertura cuadrada
colocados de mayor a
menor
Denominación tamices◦ Antes: por la medida de la
abertura en pulgadas hasta
1/8 y los más pequeños por
el numero de huecos en
una pulgada lineal.
◦ Ahora: por la medida en
mm. de la abertura
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Diapositiva 10
TAMIZ: Es un recipiente que presenta en el
fondo un enmallado con aberturas iguales
redondas o cuadradas de un tamaño específico
que reciben su nombre de acuerdo con ese
tamaño de abertura.
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Diapositiva 11
¿ QUE ES UN TAMIZ ?
4.75 mm
TAMIZ Nº 4
NOMENCLATURA
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Diapositiva 12
SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA HABITUAL NORTEAMERICANO
63 mm 2 ½ in
50 mm 2 in
37.5 mm 1 ½ in
25.0 mm 1 in
19.0 mm ¾ in
12.5 mm ½ in
9.5 mm 3/8 in
SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA HABITUAL
NORTEAMERICANO
4.75 mm Nº 4
2.36 mm Nº 8
1.18 mm Nº 16
0.60 mm Nº 30
0.30 mm Nº 50
0.15 mm Nº 100
0.075mm Nº 200
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Diapositiva 13
Granulometría
Agregado Grueso Agregado Fino
Malla
3”
2”
1 1/2”
1”
3/4”
3/8”
Nº 4
Equivalencia (mm)
75
53
37.5
26.5
19.0
9.5
4.75
Malla
Nº 4
Nº 8
Nº 16
Nº 30
Nº 50
Nº 100
Nº 200
Equivalencia (mm)
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.60
0.30
0.15
0.075
Agregado Grueso: Aquel retenido en la malla Nº 4.
Agregado fino: Aquel que pasa la malla Nº 4 y en su
mayoría retenido en la malla Nº 200.
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Diapositiva 14
INV E-214
ASTM C117
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Diapositiva 15
Aplicación: Todo el agregado
Objeto: Determinar por lavado contenido finos
en agregados
Significado: Los finos en exceso desmejoran
en agregado
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Diapositiva 16
Contenido de Finos
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Diapositiva 17
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Diapositiva 18
Graduación - Cálculos
Tamiz Peso Acumulado______
Retenido Peso Retenido % Retenido % Pasa
1/2
3/8
4
8
10
40
100
200
Pasa 200
0.0
6.5
127.4
103.4
72.8
64.2
60.0
83.0
22.4
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Diapositiva 19
Gradación - Cálculos
0.0
6.5
127.4
103.4
72.8
64.2
60.0
83.0
22.4
0.0
6.5
133.9
237.3
310.1
374.3
434.3
517.3
539.7
0.0
1.2
24.8
44.0
57.5
69.4
80.5
95.8
100.0
100.0
98.9
75.2
56.0
42.6
30.6
19.5
4.2
0.0
1/2
3/8
4
8
10
40
100
200
Pasa 200
Tamiz Peso Acumulado______
Retenido Peso Retenido % Retenido % Pasa
EJEMPLO DE APLICACION
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Diapositiva 20
Hugo León Arenas Lozano
Curvas granulométricas
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Diapositiva 21
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Diapositiva 22
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Diapositiva 23
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
ESPECIFICACIONES
GRANULOMETRICAS
FRANJA GRANULOMETRICA
2
13
MATERIAL MUY FINO
MATERIAL MUY GRUESO
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Diapositiva 24
- Pocos puntos de contacto- Baja trabazón (depende de la forma)
- Alta permeabilidad
* Bien gradada- Buena trabazón
- Menor permeabilidad
* Discontinuas
- Tamaños limitados- Buena trabazón- Baja permeabilidad
Gradaciones
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Diapositiva 25
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Diapositiva 26
La experiencia obtenida hasta el presente en el
campo de la ingeniería, en lo correspondiente a la
gradación de los agregados y su comportamiento en
obra, ha llevado a reconocer el uso de determinada
gradación según la estructura a construir. Estas
gradaciones recomendadas generalmente no
corresponden a una curva si no a una franja.
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Diapositiva 27
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
0,00,11,010,0100,0
DIAMETRO DE PARTICULAS mm
% P
AS
A
GRADACION SELECCIONADA DE
LA ESPECIFICACION INVE-340
(BEE-2) PARA BASES
ESTABILIZADAS CON EMULSION
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Diapositiva 28
Hugo León Arenas Lozano
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
GRANULOMETRIA DE BASE
GRANULOMETRIA DE FILTRO
ESPECIFICACIONES GRANULOMETRICAS
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Diapositiva 29
Hugo León Arenas Lozano
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
ESPECIFICACIONES GRANULOMETRICAS
FRANJA GRANULOMETRICA
2
13
MATERIAL MUY FINO
MATERIAL MUY GRUESO
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Diapositiva 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
GRANULOMETRIA DE BASE
GRANULOMETRIA DE FILTRO
ESPECIFICACIONES
GRANULOMETRICAS
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Diapositiva 31
Ejercicio:
Si se tiene una cantera que tiene un peso total de16000 Ton.
Cuanto material tendré de tamaño mayor a 3/8 depulgada ?
Cuanto material tendré de tamaño menor a 4.75 mm ?
Cuanto material tendré entre los tamaños 2.36mm y0.15mm
Gradación - Cálculos
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Diapositiva 32
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
00110100
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Diapositiva 33
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Diapositiva 34
TAMAÑO MAXIMO: Es la abertura del menor tamiz porel cual pasa todo el material.
TAMAÑO MAXIMO NOMINAL: Es la dimensión de laabertura del tamiz en el que se presenta el primerretenido. (la dimensión de la abertura del tamizinmediatamente superior, a aquel cuyo porcentajeretenido sea del 15% o mas).
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Diapositiva 35
1 ½”1”¾”½”3/8”#4
#8
#30
# 50
# 100
# 200
Pasa#200
10092.982.870.355.343.337.025.118.512.73.6
07.1
17.229.744.756.763.074.981.587.396.4
TAMICES % RET. ACUMULADO % PASA
TM
TMN
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Diapositiva 36
Modulo de finura: Sirve para controlar la uniformidad, encuanto a la granulometría, de un agregado que sesuministra periódicamente a una determinada obra.
Es la sumatoria de los porcentajes retenidos acumulados enla serie de tamices, cuyas aberturas son la mitad de laanterior, iniciando con el tamiz 3”, hasta el tamiz # 100,dividida entre 100; la serie de tamices es la siguiente:3”,1½”, ¾” ,3/8”,Nº4, Nº8, Nº16 , Nº30, Nº50, Nº100.
Arenas finas MF 0.5-1.5
Arenas medias MF 1.5-2.5
Arenas gruesas MF 2.5-3.5
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Diapositiva 37
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