api 510 572 576 questions answers

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API 510, 572, 576, QUESTIONSCOPYRIGHT 2005 - itcSkills - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

COPYRIGHT 2005 itcSkills - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

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API 510 QUESTIONS

ALL CLOSED BOOK

SELECT THE BEST ANSWER

1. The application of API 510 is restricted to organizations that:

a. fabricate or build pressure vessels according to ASME B&PV Code.b. employ or have access to an authorized inspection agency.c. manufacture or inspect pressure vessels according to NBIC.d. hire or have access to an unsanctioned inspection agency.

2. API 510 Inspection Code is only applicable to pressure vessels used by the petroleum andchemical process industries that:

a. are being fabricated for the petroleum/chemical industries.b. can be fabricated to ASME B&PV Code and inspected by NBIC inspectors.c. will be place in service after fabrication to the ASME B&PV Code.d. have been placed in service; inspected and/or repaired by an authorized agency.

3. The following is an example of a pressure vessel not excluded from coverage by API 510.(All of the vessels are in-service.)

a. Pressure vessel on an ocean-going ship, operates at 100 psig & 1000

F.b. Pressure vessel in a oil refinery, operates at 5 psig and 70

0F.

c. Pressure vessel in a oil refinery, operates at 100 psig and 2000

F.d. Pressure vessel in a oil refinery, vol. of 4 cu. ft., & operates at 70 psig and 70

0F.

4. If there is a conflict between the ASME Code and API 510 for vessels that have beenplaced in service, the requirements of:

a. API 510 shall take precedence over the ASME Code.b. ASME Code shall take precedence over API 510.c. NBIC shall be used as an arbitration Code.d. the owner/user shall take precedence over both Codes.

5. One type of Authorized Inspection Agency is:

a. An inspection organization that does inspections.b. An insurance/inspection agency, which does not write pressure vessel insurance.c. An owner/user of pressure vessels who maintains an inspection organization only

for his own equipment.

d. An independent third party consultant.

6. The term minimum allowable shell thickness is the thickness:

a. essential for the shell and heads of a vessel.b. required for each element of a vessel.c. necessary for the shell of a vessel.d. including the corrosion allowance for the shell of a vessel.


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7. Lowering of the maximum allowable working pressure or temperature rating of a vessel orboth below the design conditions is:

a. a not a permissible way to provide for corrosion.b. the preferred way to provide for corrosion.c. the only way to keep a vessel in service when it is corroded.d. a permissible way to provide for corrosion.

8. An owner-user is responsible for developing, documenting, implementing, executing, andassessing pressure vessel inspection systems and inspection procedures that will meet therequirements of API 510. These systems and procedures will be:

a. maintained in a engineering procedure document.b. kept as a standard procedure.c. contained in a quality assurance inspection manual.

d. in hand and available at owner-user headquarters.

9. Safety precautions are important in pressure vessel inspection because of the limitedaccess to and the confined spaces of pressure vessels. Out of the organizations listed,which is the primary one that should be reviewed and followed?

a. ASMEb. OSHAc. NFPAd. NBIC

10. ___________ may occur if equipment is subjected to temperatures above thosefor which it is designed.

a. Creepb. Brittle fracturec. Stress Corrosiond. Erosion

11. If a probable corrosion rate cannot be determined from reviewing data from the same orsimilar service vessels or estimated form published data, on-stream determinations shallbe made after approximately __________ hours of service by using NDE methods and acorrosion rate is established.

a. 500b. 1000c. 5000

d. 10000

12. The maximum allowable working pressure for the continued use of a pressure vessel shallbe based on computations determined by using the:

a. latest edition of the National Boiler Inspection Code or the construction code towhich the vessel was built.

b. latest edition of the ASME Code or the construction code to which the vessel wasbuilt.

c. latest edition of the API/ASME Code or the construction code to which the vesselwas built.

d. latest edition of the Underwriters Laboratories Code or the construction code towhich the vessel was built.


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13. Out of the many methods of inspection ___________ is considered the most important andthe most universally accepted method of inspection.

a. radiographic examinationb. careful visual inspectionc. ultrasonic thickness measurementd. hammer testing

14. If external or internal coverings, such as insulation, refractory protective linings, and corrosionresistant linings are in good condition and there is no reason to suspect that an unsafe condition isbehind them.

a. it is not necessary to remove them for inspection.b. it is necessary to remove them completely for inspection.c. it is necessary to partially remove them for inspection.

d. it is required to remove them completely for inspection on some set interval.

15. What API standard provides more information on the inspection of piping, valves and fittingsassociated with pressure vessels?

a. API Recommended Practice 576.b. API Recommended Practice 575.c. API Recommended Practice 574.d. API Recommended Practice 573.

16. For a corroded area of considerable size in which the circumferential stresses govern, theleast thickness along the most critical element of the area may be averaged over a length notexceeding the following:

16a. For vessels with inside diameters less than or equal to 60 inches--

a. 1/4 the vessel diameter or 5 inches, whichever is less.b. 1/2 the vessel diameter or 10 inches, whichever is less.c. 1/4 the vessel diameter or 15 inches, whichever is less.d. 1/2 the vessel diameter or 20 inches, whichever is less.

16b. For vessels with inside diameters greater than 60 inches--

a. 1/3 the vessel diameter or 40 inches, whichever is less.b. 1/4 the vessel diameter or 30 inches, whichever is less.c. 1/3 the vessel diameter or 50 inches, whichever is less.d. 1/4 the vessel diameter or 25 inches, whichever is less.

17. For corrosion calculations the surface of the weld is considered to be:

e. 1 inch on either side of the weld or twice the minimum thickness on either side ofthe weld, whichever is greater.

f. 2 inches on either side of the weld or 2 times the minimum thickness on either side ofthe weld, whichever is greater.

g. 4 inches on either side of the weld or 4 times the minimum thickness on either side ofthe weld, whichever is greater.

h. 6 inches on either side of the weld or 6 times the minimum thickness on either side ofthe weld, whichever is greater.


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18. Under what conditions is an internal field inspection of a newly installed pressure vessel

waived?

a. The contractor installing the vessel assures the owner-user that the vessel issatisfactory for its intended service.

b. A manufacturers data report assuring the vessel is satisfactory for its intendedservice is available.

c. The owner-user assures the inspector that the vessel is satisfactory for its intendedservice.

i. The manufacturer orally assures the owner-user that the vessel is satisfactory forits intended service.

19. An above ground pressure vessel shall be given a visual external inspection, preferably whilein operation, at least every _____ years or at the same interval as the internal/on-stream

inspection, whichever is less.

a. 2b. 3c. 5d. 10

20. The period between internal or on-stream inspections shall not exceed one-half the estimatedremaining life of the vessel based on corrosion rate or _______ years whichever is less.

a. 10b. 15c. 5d. 12

21. In cases where the remaining safe operating life is estimated to be less than 4 years, theinspection interval may be the full remaining safe operating life up to a maximum of _____ years.

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

22. If both the ownership and the location of a vessel are changed, what must happen before it isreused?

a. It must be internally and externally inspected.

b. All the records must be reviewed.c. It must be thoroughly ultrasonically checked.d. It must have all the paper work transferred to the new owner.

23. A pressure vessel has been in service for 12 years and has shown a history of corrosion overits service life. The original thickness was 1.9375 thick and the present thickness is 1.405. Whatis the corrosion rate for this vessel?

a. 0.266250 inches/yearb. 0.532500 inches/yearc. 0.088750 inches/yeard. 0.044375 inches/year


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24. When must a pressure test be performed on a pressure vessel?

a. When the contractor working on the vessel deems it is necessary.b. When the API authorized pressure vessel inspector believes that it is necessary.c. When the safety group of the owner-user requests it.d. When the NFPA requests it.

25. Who is authorized to test and repair a pressure relief valve?

a. An organization experienced in PRV maintenance.b. A valve repair shop.c. A certified pressure vessel inspector.d. A contractor with valve mechanics.

26. What is the maximum inspection interval of a pressure-relieving device?

a. 15 years.b. 12 years,c. 10 years.d. 20 years.

27. What determines the inspection interval of a pressure-relieving devices?

a. The interval is determined by the authorized pressure vessel inspector.b. The interval is determined by the owner-user.c. The interval is determined by the performance of the device.d. The interval is determined by the size of the device.

28. The following is not normally found in pressure vessel records.

a. Manufacturers data reports.b. Vessel identification numbersc. Piping past the first vessel flange.d. Relief valve information.

29. When repairs or alterations are to be performed on a pressure vessel, all materials, and allwelding procedures that are to be used must be approved by:

a. the insurance carrier for the company that the pressure vessel belongs to and theowner-user of the pressure vessel.

b. the owner-user and the contractor performing the repairs or alterations to the

pressure vessel.c. the API authorized pressure vessel inspector and, if necessary, by an engineer

experienced in pressure vessel design, fabrication, or inspection.j. the original vessel fabricator and the insurance carrier for the company that owns

the pressure vessel.

30. What type of repairs can an authorized inspector give prior general authorization for?

a. major repairs that require pressure tests.b. alterations that require pressure tests.c. major alterations that require pressure tests.d. limited or routine repairs that will not require pressure tests.


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31. When does an inspector normally approve all specified repair and alteration work.

a. Work is approved after the work contractor certifies the work to be satisfactory andthe contractor has pressure tested the vessel.

b. Work is approved by a process/chemical engineer for the owner-user and thecontractor has pressure tested the vessel.

c. Work is approved after an inspection by the authorized inspector has proven thework to be satisfactory and any required pressure test has been witnessed by him

b. Work is approved after an inspection and test by the contractor and the unitoperators accept the vessel.

32. Who should be consulted before repairing a crack at a discontinuity, where stress

concentrations may be serious?

a. The operators of the vessel.b. The owner-user.c. An engineer experienced in the operation of the vessel.d. An engineer experienced in pressure vessel design.

33. All repair and alteration welding shall be in accordance with:

a. NBIC Welding Codeb. AWS D1.1 Welding Codec. Original Construction Coded. NFPA Welding Code

34. The repair organization shall use qualified welders and welding procedures qualified inaccordance with the applicable requirements of:

a. Section V of the ASME Code.b. Section IX of the ASME Code.c. AWS D1.1 Welding Code.d. API Standard 1104, Welding.

35. The repair organization shall maintain records of its qualified welding procedures and itswelding performance qualifications. These records shall be available to the ____________ priorto the start of welding.

a. operator

b. owner-userc. welderd. inspector

36. For alterations or repairs of vessels initially postweld heat treated as a code requirement andconstructed of P-1 and P-3 steels listed in the ASME Code, preheating to not less than _______degrees F may be considered as an alternative to PWHT.

a. 200b. 300c. 400d. 500


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37. A 2 1/4 % chrome material (P-5) vessel must be repaired by welding in a flush patch(replacing a corroded area). The vessel is in caustic service and was originally post weld heattreated. Notch toughness is not a consideration. Which of the following is correct.

a. No post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is required.b. The repair may be pre-treated to 300 degrees F. while welding and PWHT waived.c. The repair may be made by using the temper-bead welding technique.d. The repair must be post weld heat treated.

38. If local post weld heat treatment is approved for a vessel repair (a complete 360 degree bandaround the vessel is not used--only a localized spot), what are the minimum number ofthermocouples required around the localized area to monitor the temperature?

a. 1b. 2c. 4d. 6

39. When repairing vessels with stainless steel weld overlay and cladding (vessels constructed ofP-3, P-4, or P-5 base materials) the base metal in the area of repair should be examined forcracking by UT per ASME Section V. This UT inspection should be made________ hours afterrepairs have been completed for equipment in hydrogen service, especially for chromium-molybdenum alloys that could be affected by delayed cracking.

a. 12b. 24

c. 36d. 42

40. When are fillet welded patches (lap patches) allowed.

a. They may be only used in vessels with shells 3/8 thick or less.b. They may be used only if approved by the operators.c. They may be used only on low pressure vessels.d. They are used for only temporary repairs unless approved for longer use by the

Engineer/Inspector

41. Carbon or alloy steel with a carbon content over _____ percent shall not be welded.

a. 0.30b. 0.35c. 0.40d. 0.45

42. Acceptance criteria for a welded repair or alteration should include NDE techniques that are inaccordance with the:

a. applicable section of the NBIC.b. applicable section of the ASME Code.c. jurisdiction.d. owner-user.


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43. A pressure test is normally required after:

a. an alteration.b. a repair.c. a lightning strike.d. a unit upset.

44. When is a rerating of a pressure vessel considered complete?

a. When the pressure vessel engineer approves the rerating.c. When the authorized construction organization attaches the nameplate to the

rerated vessel.c. When the API authorized PV inspector oversees the attachment of an API 510

nameplate.d. When the owner-user accepts the rerating from the rerating organization.

45. An API certified inspector who has not been actively engaged, as such, within the previousthree years can be recertified by:

a. being employed by a refinery.b. being licensed by the jurisdiction.c. an oral examination.d. a written examination.

46. An Examiner is normally:

a. an API 510 Inspectorb. A UTT Level II NDE Examinerd. A person that assists the API 510 Inspector, but does not necessarily have to qualify as

an API 510 Inspectord. An independent API 510 Inspector

47. The minimum number of TMLs on any given vessel is:

a. determine by the API 510 Inspectorb. determined by the owner/userc. at least oned. at least 4 on each shell and head

48. If a short-term corrosion rate reflects a .001 per year corrosive environment currently existsand the long-term corrosion rate is .009 per year, the corrosion rate used in calculating theinspection interval should be:

a. the long termb. the short termc. both termsd. as defined by the Inspector for the process

49. Risk Based Inspection may be conducted to evaluate:

a. consequence of a failureb. likelihood of a failurec. possibility of a failured. a & b above


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50. Which assessment should be repeated each time equipment or process changes are made

that could affect the degradation or failure of the vessel?

a. consequenceb. probabilityc. likelihoodd. internal/external

51. RBI assessments shall be reviewed and approved by the ________________ when used toincrease the 10 year inspection limit.

a. pressure vessel owner/userb. pressure vessel engineerc. pressure vessel inspector

d. both b and c above

52. Actively Engaged is defined as __________________.

e. a minimum of 30% of time spent performing/supervising inspections over the 3year certification period.

b. performing/supervising inspections on 65 pressure vessels over the 3 yearcertification period.

c. conducting 20 repair/alteration pressure tests per year for each of the 3 years.d. none of the above

53. What is the maximum carbon content of a material that will be used for a welded repair?

a. .34%

b. .35%c. .40%d. .30%

54. If a pressure-relieving device is in clean (non-fouling), non-corrosive service, what is themaximum inspection interval in accordance with API 510?

a. 5 Yearsb. 1 Yearc. 10 Yearsd. At the same interval as the internal or on-stream inspection.

55. If a pressure vessel was constructed in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1 in

1966, can it be rerated in accordance with the latest edition / addendum of ASME Section VIIIDivision 1?

a. Yesb. Noc. Maybed. Homework Sucks

56. Any welding technique used to obtain controlled grain refinement and tempering of theunderlying heat affected zone in the base metal is?

a. Heat refinement welding


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b. Postweld heat treatmentc. Annealingd. Controlled-deposition welding

57. Who must give prior authorization for all alteration work to be done on pressure vessels thatcomply with ASME Section VIII Division 1?

a. Authorized pressure vessel inspectorb. Pressure vessel engineerc. Authorized pressure vessel inspector and pressure vessel engineerd. The examiner

58. When using preheat as an alternative to postweld heat treatment, which of the followingwelding techniques cannot be used?

a. SMAWb. GTAWc. GMAWd. FCAW

59. A pressure vessel is constructed with a shell thickness of 2 , the vessel has an MDMT of

30 8F, what is the minimum temperature at which a pressure test should be performed?

a. 50 8F

b. 60 8F

c. 30 8F

d. 40 8F

60. For pressure vessels that have no nameplate, minimal or no design and constructiondocumentation, and the extent of radiography originally performed is not known, what joint factorshould be used for butt welds?

a. 0.70b. 0.75c. 0.85d. 0.90

61. A pressure vessel has an established corrosion rate of .012 per year. The vessel was lastinspected in 2001 and had a measured wall thickness of .375. The minimum required thicknessfor this vessel based on calculation performed in accordance with the original construction code is.265. Utilizing this information, what is the remaining life of this pressure vessel?

a. 9 Yearsb. 5 Yearsc. 15 Yearsd. 7 Years

62. Which of the following is characterized as a loss of ductility and notch toughness due topostweld heat treatment or high temperature service.

a. Stress Corrosion Crackingb. Carburizationc. Graphitizationd. Temper Embrittlement


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63. If both the ownership and the location of a pressure vessel are changed, what inspection(s), ifany, will need to be performed?

a. The pressure vessel does not need to be inspected if current documentation isavailable to insure the pressure vessels integrity.

b. The pressure vessel shall have an internal and external inspection.c. The pressure vessel shall have an external inspection.d. The pressure vessel shall have an internal inspection and an on-stream inspection.

64. In accordance with API 510, to what extent must NDE examiners be trained or certified?

a. NDE examiners must be certified in accordance with ASNT SNT-TC-1A.b. NDE examiners must be certified in accordance with ASNT CP-189.c. NDE examiners must be trained and competent.d. NDE examiners must be trained and certified in accordance with the referencing

code.

65. Which of the following vessels is not exempt from the specific requirements of API 510?

a. A vessel that does not exceed 5 cubic feet in volume and 600 PSI design pressure.b. A vessel that is on moveable structures covered by other jurisdictional regulations.c. A vessel listed for exemption from the construction in the scope of ASME Section

VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Code.f. A vessel that does not exceed 1 cubic feet in volume and 600 PSI design

pressure

66. Before local postweld heat treatment is used in lieu of 360-degree banding on local repairs,what type of review must be conducted to determine if a vessel was postweld heat treated due tothe characteristics of the fluid being handled?

a. Welding Procedure Specification review.b. Past inspection reports review.c. Pressure Test review.d. Metallurgical review.

67. A pressure vessel rerating will not be considered complete until?

a. The pressure vessel engineer certifies that all inspections and examinations havebeen performed in accordance with API 510.

g. The pressure vessel inspector oversees the attachment of an additional nameplateor additional stamping.

c. The pressure vessel inspector certifies that all inspections and examinations havebeen performed in accordance with API 510.

d. The examiner completes all required NDE examinations.

68. A pressure vessel was placed into service in 1989 and was constructed with a designthickness of .750. In 2001 the wall thickness was measured at .630. Based on this informationand a minimum thickness of .550, when is the next internal inspection due for this pressurevessel?

a. 4 Yearsb. 2 Yearsc. 8 Yearsd. 10 Years


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69. Which of the following NDE methods is the most important and the most universallyaccepted?

a. RTb. VTc. MTd. PT

70. When making welded repairs to a pressure vessel, who is responsible for maintaining therecords for welding procedures and welder performance qualifications?

a. The owner/user.b. The inspector.c. The pressure vessel engineer.d. The repair organization.

71. What is the time interval between the issuance of an edition, revision, or addenda of an APIstandard and when it goes into effect?

a. Immediately upon issuance.b. 1 month after issuance.c. 6 months after issuance.d. 1 Year after issuance.

72. The work necessary to restore a vessel to a condition suitable for safe operation at the designconditions is considered a?

a. Repairb. Alterationc. Quality Assurance/Quality Control reviewd. Rerating

73. Which of the following is not considered an acceptable means of determining the probablecorrosion rate of a new vessel?

a. From data collected on vessels providing the same or similar service.b. On-stream determination after 6 months of service using appropriate NDE.h. From the owner/users experience or published data on vessels providing

comparable service.

d. On-stream determination after 1000 hours of service using appropriate NDE.

74. If a pressure vessel is to have a pressure test and there is no available information as to thevessels minimum design metal temperature, what should be used to determine the minimumtemperature at which the pressure test should be performed?

a. Published information on the material of construction.b. The minimum acceptable operating temperature.c. A material sample should be taken from the vessel and a metallurgical analysis

performed.

d. The pressure test should be performed at a minimum temperature of 72 8F.


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75. How many years is an API certificate valid for an authorized pressure vessel inspector?

a. 2 Years from issuance.b. 3 Years from issuance.c. 4 Years from issuance.d. 5 Years from issuance.

76. When should Industry-qualified UT shearwave operators be used per API 510?

a. Mandatory as of Dec. 2001.b. Mandatory as of Dec. 2002.c. Mandatory as of Dec. 2003.d. Mandatory as of Dec. 2004.

77. RP 579 covers:

a. RBIb. UT Shearwave Operatorsc. FFS Assessmentsd. IRE II Assessments

78. An industry-qualified UT shearwave operator may be qualified in accordance with:

a. API rulesb. CP-189c. SNT-TC-1Ad. Any of the above if acceptable to the owner/user


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API 572 QUESTIONSALL CLOSED BOOK


1. Several different methods are used to construct pressure vessels. Most pressure vessels areconstructed today using ____________ construction.

a. weldedb. hot forgedc. rivetedd. multilayer

2. The most common material used to construct pressure vessels is:

a. titaniumb. austenitic stainless steelc. Moneld. carbon steel.

3. Construction codes are periodically revised as the designs of pressure vessels improve and asnew construction materials become available. A pressure vessel should be maintained accordingto the:

a. requirements under which it was designed and constructed.b. standards and specifications of the owner/user.

c. principles and specifications of the jurisdiction.d. guidelines of the NBIC.

4. The basic reasons for inspection are:

a. to meet the prerequisites of the ASME Code.b. to fulfill the provisions of the API 510.c. to satisfy the requirements of OSHA.i. to determine the physical condition of the vessel and to determine the type, rate,

and causes of deterioration.

5. The most common environmental cracking in pressure vessels in refineries are:

a. wet H2S and CUI.

b. polythionic cracking in ferritic stainless steel.c. amine stress cracking in stress relieved vessels.

d. caustic embrittlement under 400F.

6. Erosion is the attrition of a surface caused by:

a. loss of material caused by sulfur and chloride compounds.b. attrition of material cased by acid or caustic attack.c. the impingement of solid particles or liquid drops.d. wearing down of a material caused by oxidation.


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7. Many problems with pressure vessels are caused by faulty fabrication. Which item on thefollowing list is not related to faulty fabrication.

a. poor welding.b. chloride stress corrosion cracking.c. improper heat treatment.d. dimensional intolerance.

8. The external inspection of a pressure vessel should start with:

a. vessel foundation and anchor bolts.b. ladders, stairways, platforms, or walkways connected or bearing on the vessel.c. nozzles and connecting piping.d. protective coatings and insulation.

9. If an internal inspection of a vessel is not the initial one, the f irst step is to:

a. make a walk around visual check of the vessel.b. review the previous records of the vessel to be inspected.c. check with the vessel operators for unusual operating conditions.d. make a preliminary manway inspection.

10. Which of the following is not a tool for measuring thickness of vessel shells?

a. acoustic emission transducers.b. ultrasonic instruments.c. radiography with step gages.d. corrosion buttons and depth drilling.

11. What is the primary method used to obtaining thickness measurements on processequipment?

a. Calipers

b. Profile Radiographyc. Ultrasonic instrumentsd. Depth drilling

12. Which of the following may leave high residual stresses near welds and may affect thephysical properties and corrosion resistance of a metal?

a. Stress corrosion crackingb. Galvanic corrosion

c. Carburizationd. Improper heat treatment

13. Titanium vessels may lose ductility due to absorption of hydrogen and the resulting formationof:

a. hydride phasesb. caustic embrittlementc. polythionic acid embrittlementd. Sigma phase


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14. Which pressure vessel component is normally the most likely to suffer deformation?

a. Heads

b. Shellc. Nozzlesd. Manways

15. What is the suggested spacing of wire rope clips used on guy wire cables?

a. At least 4 rope diameters apart.b. At least 6 rope diameters apart.c. At least 8 rope diameters apart.d. At least 10 rope diameters apart

16. High temperature sulfidic corrosion will normally take place above what temperature?

a. 300Fb. 200F

c. 450C

d. 450F

17. Which of the following vessels is the most likely to undergo uneven settlement?

a. A vessel that is supported by a short concrete slabb. A vessel that is supported by a short fireproofed concrete slab.c. A vessel that is supported by a steel reinforced concrete slab.d. A vessel that is supported by two separate concrete slabs.

18. If a crack is found in a pressure vessel, to what extent must the crack be removed prior to

welded repair?

a. The crack must be removed entirely.b. The crack shall be removed sufficiently enough to prevent further propagation.c. The removal of cracks shall be to the extent as agreed upon between the repair

organization and the authorized inspector.d. If a crack is found in a pressure vessel, a metallurgist shall be consulted as to the

extent of crack removal.

19. This method of deterioration is usually localized, but at times is very general. It can occur atcyclone separator internals, exchanger tubes, impingement baffles and mixing columns. Thisdeterioration is:

a. Corrosion

b. Dezincificationc. Erosiond. Carburization

20. The three types of information that should make-up a complete record file are?

a. Basic data, field notes, and the data that accumulates in a continuous file.b. Metallurgical reviews, original construction drawings, and inspection reports.a. The original construction radiographs, U-1 report, and ultrasonic examination reports.b. The as built drawings, in-service inspection reports, and engineering design

reports.


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21. The limits of wall thickness loss that may be tolerated should be based on:

a. Fatigue strength.

b. Retiring thickness of the vessel.c. Rate of deterioration.d. Both B & C, above.

22. Grounding systems should be tested to insure that the resistance to ground does notexceed?

a. 5 ohmsb. 10 ohmsc. 20 ohms

d. 25 ohms

23. Which of the following would be used to aid an inspector in locating hydrogen blistering?

a. Thermal imagingb. A flash lightc. Magnetic Particle Examinationd. Radiography

24. Incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, and slag inclusion are all deficiencies associated with?

a. Improper heat treatmentb. Poor weldingc. Corrosion

d. Metallurgical changes

25. Dealloying is a degradation characterized by the loss of one or more alloys. 3 common formsare commonly found in copper alloys. One of these is:

a. Creep.b. Dezincification.c. Decarburization.d. Deschindlerization.

26. The most important biological mechanism that directly influences the rate of corrosion is:

a. H2S.

b. SRB.c. S04.d. PMS.

27. Where are leaks on a pressure vessel most likely to occur?

a. At piping attachments to the vessel wall.b. At the start-stop locations in a weld seam.c. At intersecting weld seams (tee junctions).d. Around the data plate attachment welds.


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28. What are the primary reasons for scheduling units for inspection, per API RP 572?

a. Economics

b. Safety and Reliabilityc. OSHA regulationsd. To satisfy local environmental concerns

29. Determining the physical condition of a pressure vessel and determining the type, rate, andcauses of deterioration are the basic reasons for?

a. Metallurgical analysisb. NDE examinationsc. Inspectionsd. Impact test

30. Which of the following is not a code or standard used for the design and construction of heat

exchangers and condensers in the United States?

a. TEMAb. ASME Codec. API Standard 660d. BOCA

31. When performing an inspection, the two most important factors in determining the limits ofcorrosion and any other type of deterioration that may be tolerated are?

a. The retirement thickness of the part considered and the rate of deterioration.b. The modules of elasticity and the hoop stress.c. The amount of NDE originally performed and the type of discontinuities found.d. The type of welding process used in the original construction and the name of the

manufacturer.

32. Under which of the following conditions would external corrosion most likely occur.

a. On a vessel that is maintained at elevated temperatures.b. On a vessel that is in cryogenic service.c. On a vessel that is located directly downwind of a cooling tower.d. On a vessel that is epoxy coated.

33. Which of the following methods could be used to detect de-carburization of austeniticstainless steels?

a. Metallurgical examinations

b. Ultrasonicsc. Acoustic Emissionsd. None of the above

34. The bottom head and shell of fractionators processing high-sulfur oils are susceptible towhat type of deterioration?

a. Hydrogen Embrittlementb. Sulfide Corrosionc. Chloride Stress Corrosion Crackingd. Sulfur De-oxidation


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35. Which of the following types of corrosion is normally not found on the external surfaces ofoperating pressure vessels?

a. Soil corrosionb. CUIc. Atmospheric corrosiond. Hydrogen blistering

36. What NDE technique can be utilized to determine if creep cracking is prevalent, per RP572?

a. MTb. PTc. AEd. Any of the above

37. When a vessel is supported with guy wires, how should the wire rope clips be attached to thewire rope?

a. With the base against the dead or short end and the u-bolt against the live or longend of the wire rope.

b. With the base against the live or long end and the u-bolt against the dead or shortend of the wire rope.

c. The orientation of the wire rope clip in regards to the wire rope is irrelevant.d. Two wire rope clips should be used to secure the wire rope. One clip needs to be

oriented with the base against the dead or short end and one clip needs to beoriented with the base against the live or long end.

38. Which of the following is not considered to be a metallurgical or physical change of apressure vessel metal?

a. Carbide precipitationb. High-temperature hydrogen attackc. Embrittlementd. Amine cracking

39. When profile radiography is performed, what has to be shown on the developed film of thevessel part, per RP 572?

a. Image Quality Indicator

b. Location markersc. Step gauge of known thicknessd. All of the above

40. Which magnetic particle analysis is the most sensitive in finding cracks, per RP 572?

a. Wet fluorescent magnetic particleb. Dry fluorescent magnetic particlec. Dry color contrast magnetic particled. Wet color contrast magnetic particle


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41. Which of the following would not be considered a process that could change the hardnessof a metal?

a. Temper embrittlementb. Neutralizationc. Graphitizationd. Decarburization

42. What is PMI used for per RP 572?

a. To check for correct alloy materialsb. To check for correct steel materialsc. To check for correct pressure monitoring installationsd. To check for correct valve installation

43. If amine materials are used or stored in a pressure vessel, where is cracking most likely to

occur?

a. Welds and HAZs.b. Base metal of stress relieved nozzles.c. Skirts.d. Flanges.

44. Which of the following inspection methods would be best suited for the inspection of internallinings such as paint, glass, plastic, and rubber?

a. Magnetic Particleb. Liquid Dye Penetrantc. Profile Radiographyd. Spark Tester

45. When settlement of pressure vessel foundations and/or supports is found, and routinemonitoring is taking place, at what time should the taking of settlement measurements besuspended?

a. When sufficient information has been obtained to reliably predict the amount ofsettlement occurring.

b. When sufficient information has been obtained to calculate the amount ofsettlement that will take place over the life of the vessel.

c. When the information obtained reveals that uniform settlement is taking place.d. Measurements should be taken until the settlement stops.

46. What type of pressure vessel is constructed with a casing or outer shell that forms a space

between itself and the main shell?

a. A cylindrical pressure vessel.b. A jacketed pressure vessel.c. A spheroidal pressure vessel.d. A spherical pressure vessel.


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47. Above what operating temperature would catalytic reformer equipment be susceptible tocreep embrittlement damage?

a. 500 8Fb. 750 8F

c. 800 8F

d. 900 8F

48. If vibration is noted on auxiliary equipment associated with a pressure vessel and supportscannot be added to reduce the vibration, what should be done?

a. The inspector should consult with operations personnel to determine if the auxiliaryequipment can be removed.

b. The auxiliary equipment should be placed on a preventive maintenance scheduleto monitoring for fatigue cracking.

c. A qualified engineer should perform calculation to assure that the vibrations will not

cause fatigue cracking.d. The auxiliary equipment should be radiographed on a routine basis to ensure no

fatigue cracking is taking place.

49. Which of the following inspection techniques should not be used on pressure vessels that areunder pressure?

a. Magnetic Particle Examinationb. Hammer testingc. Ultrasonic Examinationd. Acoustic Emissions

50. Tube sheets that are in water service are generally constructed from what types of metal?

a. Naval brass or steel.b. Stainless steel or Aluminumc. Copper or Chromed. Monel or Nickel

51. CUI would not be a factor in which of the following conditions?

a. Vessels operating at -4C - 120C

b. Aus. stainless steel vessels operating at 450F

c. Insulated vessels downwind from a cooling towerd. Carbon steel vessels with damaged insulation

52. What are the most important conditions to check for when examining metallic linings?

a. That the lining is applied evenly, it has sufficient ductility, and no film lifting isvisible.

b. There is no corrosion, it was properly installed, and that no holes or cracks exist.c. That the lining is of sufficient strength to resist mechanical forces and there are no

blisters caused by inadequate surface preparations.d. All of the above.


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53. What type of deterioration can be expected on the shell of exchangers next to bundle bafflesand impingements plates?

a. Stress Corrosion Crackingb. Hydrogen Blisteringc. Erosiond. Intergranular Corrosion

54. What must the manufacturers of pressure vessels constructed in accordance with ASMESection VIII Division 1 and Division 2 have?

a. An on-site Authorized Inspector.b. A quality control system.c. Employees trained and certified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A to perform

nondestructive examinations.

d. All of the above.

55. If external or internal coatings or linings appear visually to be in good condition, with noevidence of corrosion or deterioration, the Inspector should:

a. Spot clean, and then inspect the metal.b. Chip off a large area for UT examination.c. Schedule a ET to check for coating thickness.d. Leave it alone.

56. If a pressure vessel has historical records of past inspections, little or no corrosion is evident,and the vessel has operated under normal conditions, what is the least amount of thicknessmeasurements that should be taken?

a. Measurements taken in each quadrant of each shell ring and head.b. One measurement in each shell ring and one measurement on each head.c. In each quadrant of each head and at least one measurement in each shell ring.d. In each quadrant of each shell ring and at least one measurement in each head.

57. In exchanger pressure testing, when is a test ring used?

a. On floating head exchangersb. On stationary head exchangersc. On drum-type exchangersd. On fin-fan air coolers

58. When should a service history record be established for a pressure vessel?

a. As soon as the pressure vessel is placed into service.b. Prior to the pressure vessel being stamped with the ASME Code symbol.c. After the first on-stream or internal inspection.d. Following the initial pressure test.


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59. When performing an external inspection, what type of corrosion would be expected aroundthe heads of bolts and nuts, at brackets connections between stair treads and angle supports, andat connections between intermediate supports and pressure vessel walls?

a. Crevice Corrosionb. Biological Corrosionc. Galvanic Corrosiond. Intergranular Corrosion

60. When performing a pneumatic pressure test in lieu or a hydrostatic pressure test, therecommendations set forth in which code or standard should be followed?

a. API 510b. API 574c. API 576d. ASME Code


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API 576 QUESTIONS

ALL CLOSED BOOK


1. Using the following description, pick the type pressure-relieving device from the list. The springis fully exposed; it is used on steam boiler drums; it is also used for general air and steam servicein a refinery.

a. Rupture Disk.b. Safety Relief Valve.c. Relief Valve.d. Safety Valve.

2. Using the following description, pick the type pressure-relieving device from the list. They areused in liquid or incompressible fluid service. They have closed bonnets. They should not be used

in steam, air, gas, or vapor service.

a. Rupture Disk.b. Safety Relief Valve.c. Relief Valve.d. Safety Valve.

3. Using the following description, pick the type pressure-relieving device from the list. They areused in gas or vapor service and liquid service. They have closed bonnets. They should not beused on steam boilers. They are used in corrosive refinery service.

a. Rupture Disk.b. Relief Valve.c. Safety Relief Valve.d. Safety Valve.

4. Using the following description, pick the type pressure-relieving device from the list. They areused in refinery process industries for gas, vapor, air or liquids. They can be used in corrosiverefinery service. They minimize the effects of back pressure on its operation characteristics. Theyshould not be used as pressure control or bypass valves.

a. Safety Valve.b. Balanced Safety Relief Valve.c. Relief Valve.d. Rupture Disk.

5. What is the common limitation for use on the following pressure relief devices: Safety Valve,

Relief Valve, Safety Relief Valve, Balanced Safety Relief Valves.

a. use in corrosive refinery service.b. use as a pressure control or bypass valve.c. use as on steam boiler drums or superheaters.d. use in liquid service.

6. Which of the following in NOT a cause of a pressure-relieving devices improper performance?

a. corrosion.b. proper maintenance.c. damaged seating surfacesd. failed spring.


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7. Why is a definite time interval between inspections of pressure-relieving devices necessary?

a. To insure proper performance.

b. To satisfy OSHA requirements.c. To fulfill owner-user limitations.d. To meet manufacturers conditions.

8. An inspection or testing of a pressure-relieving device is required by API 510 at least every________ years maximum.

a. 7b. 10c. 15d. 20

9. Which one of the following list is not an item to be checked when a visual on-stream inspection

of a pressure-relieving device.

a. Check to make sure the inlet nozzle of the valve and/or the piping to the valve inlet isnot plugged.

b. Check to make sure the correct relief device was installed.c. Check to make sure no gags, blinds, closed valves or piping obstruction prevent the

relief device from working.d. Check to make sure the seals installed to protect the spring setting have not been

broken.

10. When a pressure-relief valve is f irst received in the shop, what should be done prior todismantling?

a. dismantle and clean the valve.

b. check the valve spring for corrosion.c. dip the valve in a cleaning solution.d. test pop the valve to determine the as received relieving pressure.

11. A self locking seal that when placed in position and closed, locks and must be physically cutor broken to be removed is a ?

a. Lock-Outb. Car Sealc. Locking Pind. Cotter Key

12. Which of the following should be on a pressure relieving devices identification tag?

a. Test dates.b. Unit designation.c. Set pressure.d. All of the above.

13. Which of the following is not a limitation of a relief valve?

a. It should not be used as a pressure control or bypass valve.b. It should not be used for incompressible fluids.c. It should not be used in steam, air, gas or other vapor services.e. It should not be used in services piped to a closed header without consideration of

the effects of back pressure.


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14. Which of the following pressure-relieving devices is characterized as having a bonnet thatencloses the spring and forms a pressure tight-cavity, with the bonnet cavity being vented to the

discharge side of the valve?

a. Conventional Safety Relief Valveb. Balanced Safety Relief Valvec. Pilot-Operated Safety Relief Valved. Rupture Disk

15. If a pressure relief valve is received and the valves inlet and outlet are not covered, whatshould be done?

a. Provisions should be made to ensure that in the future they are covered beforeleaving the shop.

b. The relief valve shall be sent back to the shop to verify the set pressure.

c. The inlet and outlet of the relief valve should be flushed with water, steam oranother suitable medium.d. The relief valve should be dismantled and cleaned.

16. Which of the following may cause the improper performance of a pressure-relieving device?

a. Damaged seating surfacesb. Failed springsc. Rough handlingd. All of the above

17. Pressure gauges to be used for the setting of pressure relief valves should be calibrated bywhat means?

a. By utilizing a calibrated gauge in conjunction with the test gauge to insureuniformity.

b. With a regularly calibrated dead weight tester.c. Gauges should be sent to an outside testing agency for calibration.d. Gauges should be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendations.

18. Which of the following pressure-relieving devices would be used to protect the upstream sideof a pressure relief valve against corrosion?

a. Safety Valveb. Relief Valve

c. Rupture Diskd. Conventional Safety Relief Valve

19. How should pressure relief valves be shipped?

a. In an upright position.b. Incased in a protective compartmentc. On their side to prevent the relief device from falling over during shipment.d. UPS ground.


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20. What is the reason(s) for inspecting pressure relief devices?

a. To determine if the devices were manufactured in accordance with ASME and APIrequirements.

b. To determine the general physical and operating conditions of the devices, and toensure that their performance meets the requirements for a given installation.

c. To ensure the devices ability to withstand external shock loadings.d. All of the above.

21. A pressure-relieving device whose spring is fully exposed outside of the valve bonnet and isnormally used on stream boiler drums and super-heaters.

a. Relief Valve

b. Safety Relief Valvec. Safety Valved. Conservation Vent

22. Which of the following would not be a precaution taken when removing a pressure-relievingdevice while the equipment is in operation?

a. The space between the relief device and any adjacent block valve should bevented to a safe location.

b. The bonnet of the relieving device should be removed and tested for hazardousmaterials or explosive mixtures.

c. A blind should be inserted between the pressure relief device and any adjacentupstream block valve.

d. An authorized person should isolate a relief device by closing any adjacent blockvalves upstream or downstream.

23. What is essential to the effective administration and control of any pressure-relieving deviceprogram in a process industry?

a. The use of preventive maintenance software.b. Personnel trained in observing pressure relief valve maintenance.c. Authorized Inspectors.d. A suitable system of keeping records and making reports.

24. What normally causes the failure of pressure relief valve springs?

a. Over tightening of the set screw.

b. Improper assemblyc. Lack of maintenanced. Corrosion

25. Which of the following pressure relieving devices is normally used for the protection ofatmospheric storage tanks?

a. Pressure and/or vacuum vent valvesb. Safety Valvesc. Relief Valvesd. Rupture Disk


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26. A visual on-stream inspection should be performed on pressure relieving devices at whatintervals?

a. As determined by the performance of the devices in the particular serviceconcernedwith a maximum interval of 10 years.

b. As determined by previous on-stream inspections - with a maximum interval of 5years.

c. In accordance with manufacturers recommendations.d. As determined by previous on-stream inspection - with a maximum interval of 10

years.

27. What is the usual service life of a pre-bulged metal rupture disk under normal operatingconditions?

a. 1 Yearb. 2 Yearsc. 3 Yearsd. As determined from previous inspections.

28. When is the best time to perform inspections on pressure relieving devices?

a. When the owner/user specifies.b. During plant emergency drills.c. When the inspection least interferes with the process and maintenance manpower is

readily available.d. When environmental conditions are best suited for outside activities.

29. Which of the following shall be installed between a rupture disk device and the inlet of apressure relief valve to detect disk rupture or leakage?

a. Try cockb. Pressure gaugec. A free ventd. All of the above

30. If a rupture disks manufacturer specifies a bolting torque procedure and the tightened boltsare loosened, the rupture disk should be what?

a. Replacedb. Disassembled and inspected to insure no damage has occurred.c. The bolting should be retightened in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendations.d. The rupture disk and housing should be externally visually inspected to insure no

damage has occurred.


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31. What type of pressure relief valve should be installed in a system that is corrosive and maycontain foreign particles?

a. Conventional Safety Relief Valveb. Balanced Bellows Safety Relief Valvec. Safety Valved. Pilot Operated Safety Relief Valve

32. The annular pressure chamber located downstream of the seat of a pressure relief valve forthe purpose of assisting the valve to achieve lift is?

a. Bonnet Chamberb. Huddling Chamberc. Try Cock Chamberd. Seating Chamber

33. Which side of a conventional domed rupture disk (pre-bulged) is designed for pressure?

a. The convex side.b. The concave side.c. Both sides of the disk are designed for pressure.d. Pressure cannot be placed on this type of rupture disk.

34. If unusual corrosion, deposits, or conditions are noted during the shopmaintenance/inspection of a pressure relief valve, who should be called upon to assist in theinspection?

a. The Inspectorb. The Employerc. The Pressure Relief Valve Engineer

d. The Pressure Vessel Engineer

35. When operating pressures are as high as 90% of a disks design bursting pressure, what typeof rupture disk should be used?

a. Pre-bulged metal rupture disk.b. Graphite rupture disk.c. Tension loaded rupture disk.d. Reverse buckling rupture disk.

36. Why is the size (capacity) of a pressure relief valve test stand important?

a. Insufficient surge volume could damage a pressure relief valves internal parts.

b. Insufficient surge volume could produce inaccurate test gauge readings.c. Insufficient surge volume might not cause a distinct pop, and may cause an

incorrect set pressure.d. The size of the pressure relief valve test stand is irrelevant.

37. For pressure relief valves that comply with ASME Section VIII, Division 1, what is theminimum and maximum deviation between the pop pressure and the set pressure?

a. Not less than 0% or greater than 10% of the set pressure.b. No more than 10% above or 10% below the set pressure.c. Not less than 5% or greater than 5% of the set pressure.d. Not less than 10% or greater than 0% of the set pressure.


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38. In accordance with the ASME Code, liquid service pressure relief valves installed after thisdate have to have their capacity certified and stamped on the nameplate?

a. January 1, 1990b. January 1, 1986c. January 1, 1998d. January 1, 1989

39. What is the relieving capacity used as the basis for the application of a pressure relief devicedetermined in accordance with the applicable code or regulation?

a. Rated relieving capacity.b. Stamped relieving capacity.c. The set pressured. The specified burst pressure.

40. When inspecting reverse acting rupture disk that utilizes knife blades, what should theinspector look for?

a. A reduction of the void between the knife blades and the disk.b. The inspector should verify the orientation of the knife blades.c. Misalignment between the diaphragm and knife blades, which can cause the

reduction of the available cutting surface.d. Dulling of the knife edges, which could cause the knife not to sever the disk.


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API 510

ANSWER KEY 1. b (Para. 1.1)2. d (Para. 1.1)3. c (Para. 1.2.2)4. a (Para. 3.2)5. c (Para. 3.4)6. b (Para. 3.10)7. d (Para. 3.17)8. c (Para. 4.3)9. b (Para. 5.1)

10. a (Para. 5.2)11. b (Para. 5.3)12. b (Para. 5.4)

13. b (Para. 5.5)14. a (Para. 5.5)15. c (Para. 5.6)16. A) d B) a (Para. 5.7)17. a (Para. 5.7)18. b (Para. 6.1)19. c (Para. 6.3)20. a (Para. 6.4)21. b (Para. 6.4)22. a (Para. 6.4)23. d (Para. 6.4)24. b (Para. 6.5)25. a (Para. 6.6)26. c (Para. 6.6)27. c (Para. 6.6)28. c (Para. 6.7)29. c (Para. 7.1)30. d (Para. 7.1.1)31. c (Para. 7.1.2)32. d (Para. 7.1.3)33. c (Para. 7.2)34. b (Para. 7.2.1)35. d (Para. 7.2.2)36. b (Para. 7.2.3.1)37. d (Para. 7.2.3)38. b (Para. 7.2.5)39. b (Para. 7.2.6)

40. d (Para. 7.2.7)41. b (Para. 7.2.8)42. b (Para. 7.2.9)43. a (Para. 7.2.10)44. c (Para. 7.3)45. d (Para. B.5.1)46. c (Para. 3.18)47. a (Para. 6.4)48. a (Para. 6.4)49. d (Para. 6.2)50. c (Para. 6.2)

51. d (Para. 6.2)52. d (Para. B.553. b (Para. 7.2.8)54. c (Para. 6.6)55. b (Figure 7-1)56. d (Para. 3.19)57. c (Para. 7.1.1)58. d (Para. 7.2.3.1)59. b (Para. 6.5)60. a (Para. 6.7)61. a (Para. 6.4)62. d (Para. 5.2)

63. b (Para. 6.4)64. c (Para. 3.18)65. a (Para. 1.2.2)66. d (Para. 7.2.5 note)67. b (Para. 7.3)68. a (Para. 6.4)69. b (Para. 5.5)70. d (Para. 7.2.2)71. c (Forward)72. a (Para. 3.15)73. b (Para. 5.3)74. b (Para. 6.5 note)75. b (Appendix B B.2.3)76. c (Para. 5.5)77. c (Para. 5.8)78. d (Para. 3.21)


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API 572

ANSWER KEY

1. a (Para. 4.2.2)2. d (Para. 4.2.3)3. a (Section 6)4. d (Para. 7.1)5. a (Para. 8.2.3)6. c (Para. 8.2.2)7. b (Para. 8.5)8. b (Para. 10.3.2)9. b (Para. 10.4.3)10. a (Para. 10.5)

11. c (Para. 10.5)12. d (Para. 8.5.3)13. a (Para. 8.3.7)14. b (Para. 10.4.4)15. b (Para. 10.3.7)16. d (Para. 8.2.8)17. d (Para. 10.3.3)18. a (Section 11)19. c (Para. 8.2.2)20. a (Para. 12.1)21. d (Para. 10.9)22. d (Para. 10.3.9)23. b (Para. 10.4.4)24. b (Para. 8.5.2)25. b (Para. 8.3.3)26. b (Para. 8.2.10)27. a (Para. 10.3.8)28. b (Para. 9.3)29. c (Para. 7.1)30. d (Section 5)31. a (Para. 10.9)32. c (Para.10.3.13)33. d (Para. 8.3.1)34. b (Para. 10.4.3)35. d (Para. 10.3.13)36. d (Para. 8.2.6)37. b (Para. 10.3.7)

38. d (Para. 8.3)39. c (Para. 10.5)40. a (Para. 10.3.13)41. b (Para. 8.3)42. a (Para. 8.5.7)43. a (Para. 10.4.4)44. d (Para. 10.4.6)45. d (Para. 10.3.3)46. b (Para. 4.1)47. d (Para. 10.3.8)48. c (Para. 10.3.10)49. b (Para. 10.8.1)50. a (Para. 4.3)

51. b (Para. 8.2.1)52. b (Para. 10.4.5)53. c (Para. 10.4.4)54. b (Section 5)55. d (Para. 8.2.4)56. b (Para. 10.3.12)57. a (Para. 10.8.3)58. c (Para 9.1)59. a (Para. 10.3.2)60. d (Para. 10.8.2)


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ANSWER KEY

1. d (Para. 4.2)2. c (Para. 4.3)3. c (Para. 4.4)4. b (Para. 4.6)5. b (Para. 4.2 4.6)6. b (Section 5)7. a (Para. 6.4)8. b (Para. 6.4)9. a (Para. 6.3)

10. d (Para. 6.2.8)

11. b (Para. 3.1.1)12. d (Figure 37)13. b (Para. 4.3.2)14. a (Para. 4.5)15. a (Para. 5.8.3)16. d (Section 5)17. b (Para. 5.4)18. a (Para. 5.8.1)19. c (Para. 4.9.2)20. b (Para. 6.1)21. c (Para. 4.2)22. b (Para. 6.2.4)23. d (Para. 7.1)24. d (Para. 5.3)25. a (Para. 4.8)26. b (Para. 6.4.2)27. a (Para. 4.9.3)28. c (Para. 6.5.1)29. d (Para. 4.9.2)30. a (Para. 6.2.21)31. b (Para. 4.6.1) & (Para. 5.5)32. b (Para.3.2.2)33. b (Para. 4.9.1.1)34. a (Para. 6.2.9 Caution Note)35. d (Para. 4.9.3)36. c (Para. 5.4)37. a (Para. 6.2.14)

38. b (Para. 4.3)39. a (Para. 3.3.6)40. d (Para. 4.9.1.4)

api 510 572 576 questions answers

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