210

APPENDICES

I

PERSONAL DATA SHEET

[Place the tick mark in the appropriate box ()]

1. Name:_______________________________________________

2. Age:___________

3. Sex: a) Male[ ] b) Female[ ]

4. Address:_____________________________________________

5. Institution of study: (Name of the College)_________________________

a) Govt [ ] b)Private[ ]

6. Streams of study course: a) Arts [ ] b)Science [ ] c)Commerce [ ]

7. Year of study: PUC [ ] , Degree[ ]

8. Area (Domicile): a).Urban[ ], b).Rural[ ], c).Others

specify___________________

9. Religion: a). Hindu [ ], b). Muslim[ ], c),Christian[ ], d).Any other

specify________________

10. Socio-economic Status(Low/Middle/High, Income Group): LIG [ ], MIG [ ],

HIG [ ]

11. Educational Status of the family Head/ Father/Guardian:

(1) Illiterate [ ] (2) Primary Education [ ] (3) Secondary [ ] (4) PUC [ ] (5)

Graduate [ ] (6) Technical degree (Law, Medical, Engineering, etc)or Post-

graduate degree ( M.A.,M.Sc.,M.Com, etc.)[ ] (7) Research degree

(Ph.D. etc) [ ] (8) Any other specify________________

12. What is the occupation of your father/Guardian:__________________________

13. What is average monthly income of your father (including income from other

sources also)? _________

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II

INDIVIDUAL MODERNITY SCALE

1. HMP/SS-1 Life and death depend on God, medical treatment cannot do

anything. (1-5)

2. CH-1 Our society is changing very fast. Lower casts are demanding

equal rights with upper casts; women do not want to be

subordinate to man. Boys and girls marry according to their

wishes. Food habits, dress, manners, and customs are changing.

Some people believe that this is not good. Society is being

harmed by this. Do you agree? (1-5)

3. FP-1 Abortion by drug or operation is a proper action, if it becomes

necessary. (5-1)

4. DEM-1 Democracy is not being successful because illiterate persons

have got the right of vote. Therefore voting right should be

given only to educated persons. (1-5)

5. HMM/SS-1 Insanity is caused by evil spirits. (1-5)

6. WE-1 There is a religious person. He spends a great deal of time in

worship and prayers. But he is careless in his work. There is

another person who is irreligious and atheist. He does not

believe in God and prayers. But he does his work with great

responsibility. Some persons consider this irreligious man a

better person. Do you agree with this? (5-1)

7. HMP/SU-1 Women also need physical exercise as much as men do. (5-1)

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8. WR-1 Women should not get high governmental job. (1-5)

9. SE-1 As the five fingers are not equal, similarly persons of all

the classes cannot be equal. Therefore the theory of social

equality is wrong. (1-5)

10. HMP/ND-1 Over-eating makes a man ill as under-eating does. (5-1)

11. RAT-1 Man has progressed because of his powers. He has invented

medicines for diseases, and seeds and fertilizer for agriculture;

he has invented railway and aeroplane for transport. Man has

progressed because of his own efforts and not because of God

and prayers. (5-1)

12. CA-1 Children of upper castes should not play with children of lower

castes. (1-5)

13. CR-1 Every citizen should have full freedom to speak against the

government. (5-1)

14. HMP/SU-1 Mental illness is also an illness. Therefore it should also be

medically treated like other diseases. (5-1)

15. ASP-1 It is difficult to succeed in this society; therefore high

aspirations lead to disappointment. (1-5)

16. SCA-1 A wife should have as much right to remarry after the death of

her husband as the man has after the death of his wife. (5-1)

17. HMP/ND-2 The use of cigarette, bidi, tobacco is injurious to health. (5-1)

18. PI-1 We can develop our country only by strengthening our religion

and caste. (1-5)

213

19. LC-1 The main reason for difficulties and worries of a person is his

own mistakes and not his fate. (5-1)

20. HMM/SU-2 Disorder of menstruation causes insanity in women. (1-5)

21. SEC-1 It is a great meanness to give-up one’s own religion and accept

another. (1-5)

22. HMP/SS-2 Smallpox should not be medically treated because it angers

goddess ‘sitla’. (1-5)

23. PP-1 One should complain to the authorities if there are problems

and difficulties in the society. One should not remain silent.

(5-1)

24. CH-2 In nature old things disappear and are substituted by new

things. For example, old men and trees die and new infants and

plants are born. But his law does not apply to the society. Well-

established and tried laws of society from the past are better for

the society. (1-5)

25. HMM/SS-2 Insanity is result of the sins of past lives. (1-5)

26. FP-2 The children are gifts of God; therefore it is improper to restrict

the number of children in the family. (1-5)

27 DEM-2 Everyone cannot run an administration or government. To

govern and rule one need certain hereditary qualities, which

were in the royalties of earlier times. But these qualities are

lacking in the leaders who win the elections these days. (1-5)

28. HMP/ND-3 Breast-feeding is better for health of the child than bottle-

feeding. (5-1)

214

29. WE-2 One works because he has to maintain his family. If one gets

enough money in lottery so that he can live with comforts, than

he should not stop working. (5-1)

30. WR-2 A wife should give better food to her husband than she herself

takes. (1-5)

31. SE-2 The car of a big army officer dashed against a taxi. The

mistake was of both the parties. The court punished the taxi

driver and exonerated the army officer because he defends the

country. Do you agree with this decision of court? (1-5)

32. RAT-2 Marriages are successful if they are arranged on the basis if

matched horoscopes. (1-5)

33. CA-2 The lower castes, compared to upper casts, commit more

crimes. (1-5)

34. HMM/SU-4 Persons who have been once insane should never be entrusted

with a responsible job. (1-5)

35. CR-2 In radio the leaders opposing the government should get the

same amount of time as is given to leaders of the government.

(5-1)

36. ASP-2 A troublesome job with worries and difficulties is no good

even if the income is high. Compared to this, a job with less

income but offering peace and comfort is better. (1-5)

37. SCA-2 Ordinarily, the daughter does not get her share in parental

property. Therefore, it is proper that she gets a dowry. (1-5)

38. PI-2 A man should be concerned with his village or town. What is

215

happening in the country or abroad is of no importance to him.

(1-5)

39. HMM/SS-3 One becomes insane if he breaks a religious vow. (1-5)

40. LC-2 Sooner or later, a capable person certainly gets success. (5-1)

41. HMP/SS-3 The wife of a man is very ill. He got her treated in hospital. He

also offered prayers and got her treated by witchcraft. She was

cured. Some persons say that she was cured by the medical

treatment in the hospital; prayers and witchcraft did not help

her at all. (5-1)

42. SEC-2 (1-5) No man can be happy by marrying a woman of another

religion. (1-5)

43. PP-2 (1-5) The politics these days is only gangstrism; therefore it is a

waste of time to vote. (1-5)

44. CH-3 Social and religious customs, which are becoming costly and

causing economic strain should be discarded even if they are

old and sacred. (5-1)

45. FP-3 For the continuation of lineage son is necessary. Therefore one

should not stop having children till he gets a son, despite the

fact that he may have several daughters. (1-5)

46. DEM-3 Because everyone has got the right of vote, poor and low casts

are getting respect in the society. This is harmful to the society.

(1-5)

47. HMP/SS-4 Suppose a women has been married for several years, But she

has no Childs. Some persons advise her that medical treatment

will not help her; she should take an amulet from a saint

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(Sadhu/Fakir) and should pray with ritual obedience. (1-5)

48. WE-3 A women should not work if her husband earns enough to

support his family. (1-5)

49. WR-3 God has created women in such a way that they cannot

compete with men. (1-5)

50. SE-3 In this democratic age every man should be respected. But

majority of the common mass are so uneducated, lazy and

rustic that no one can give them genuine heartful respect. (1-5)

51. RAT-3 An unlucky person can never be successful even if he is

intelligent and hard working. But a lucky person is successful

even if he is lazy and unintelligent. (1-5)

52. CA-3 The lower casts, compared to upper castes, are less honest.

53. HMP/ND-4 An inexpensive food can also be as good as an expensive food.

(5-1)

54. CR-3 A person who votes against the ruling party should be barred

from government service. (1-5)

55. HMP/SS-4 Pilgrimage can cure mental illness. (1-5)

56. ASP-3 Some people are always engaged in work. They succeed in

their workers; but they cannot enjoy life. I do not want such a

life for me. (1-5)

57. SCA-3 It is in the interest of the women that they observe ‘purdha’

(Seclusion) to protect themselves from the evil eyes of the

society. (1-5)

217

58. PI-3 If one cannot fight for his own caste or religion he cannot fight

for his country. (1-5)

59. HMP/SU-2 Many diseases emerge slowly at the age of forties and fifties

because of the neglect of health in childhood. (5-1)

60. LC-3 It is true that our society is controlled by wealthy and powerful

persons. But an ordinary man can also achieve great success if

he tries enough. (5-1)

61. SEC-3 The customs of different religions such as Hinduism, Sikhism,

Islam and Christianity are different but the ideals of all are

similar. (5-1)

62. HMM/SU-3 PP-3 (1-5) Loss of semen causes insanity. (5-1)

63. PP-3 One should not concern himself with anything other than his

job and family. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take interest in

politics. (1-5)

64. CH-4 It is better to limit oneself to know persons; one should not go

on adding new friends and acquaintances. (1-5)

65. HMP/SU-3 Unless there is some emergency or helplessness, one should try

to keep away from a hospital. (1-5)

66. FP-4 The use of ‘Nirodh’or such other things for family planning

destroys the joys of married life. (1-5)

67. DEM-4 Democracy is the best political system, because it offers

opportunity to change government without violence and

bloodshed. (5-1)

68. WE-4 An officer keeps governmental money in his office. Once he

218

badly needed money. His wife advised him that he should take

the money from his office to meet his needs. The money would

be paid back to the office soon. The officer did accordingly and

used the office money for personal needs. Do you think he did

the right thing? (1-5)

69. WR-4 Men are more intelligent than women.

70. HMP/SS-4 Diseases can be avoided by pacifying the planets by prayers.

71. SE-4 No effort can change a crow into a parrot. One needs hereditary

qualities to learn. all men are not equal. Therefore equal status

cannot be given to all men in the society. (1-5)

72. RAT-4 A man had an only son. While crossing the road he was

suddenly crushed to death by a car. Some persons thought that

the accident occurred due to the mistake of the driver. Others

blamed the carelessness of the boy. The father of the boy said

that he died because of his own fate. Did the father speak the

truth? (1-5)

73. CA-4 Persons of low castes do not learn the proper manner even if

they get education and wealth. (1-5)

74. CR-4 Except the secret news about the defense of the country, the

newspapers should have full freedom to publish all kinds of

news. (5-1)

75. ASP-4 Any student can get first class in examination if he works hard.

(5-1)

76. SCA-4 On the day of the birth of a child or the sixth day of the birth,

the friends and relatives should be lavishly fed because the

birth of a child is occasion of happiness. (1-5)

77. HMP/SU-4 Some types of leprosy do not spread by contagion. (5-1)

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78. PI-4 An ordinary man should not involve himself in patriotism or

the service of the country. He should care for the welfare of his

family. (1-5)

79 LC-4 Often circumstances are so powerful that even an able person

loses grip on them. (1-5)

80. SEC-4 Strict loyalty to religion blocks man’s free thinking. (5-1)

81 HMM/SS-5 Some persons become insane under the influence of bad stars.

(1-5)

82 PP-4 One will waste his entire life in fighting against dishonesty and

injustice. Practical wisdom demands that one should get his

work done by flattery, recommendation or even bribe. (1-5)

83. CH-5 Suppose you meet a person who is very different from you. He

is born in a place where the customs, religion and dress are

different from yours. But he is very friendly. Will you like to

know and be friend of him? (5-1)

84. FP-5 Vasectomy makes a man impotent. (1-5)

85. DEM-5 Society can progress when the country has only one party

which can form the government and there should not be any

opposition party. (1-5)

86. WE-5 It is a good custom that offices are closed on the death of some

one because a dead person should be respected. Work, after all,

is done sooner or late. (1-5)

87. WR-5 For the same work women should be paid less than the man,

because women do lesser amount of work. (1-5)

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88. HMP/SU-5 Diarrhoea in children can be prevented by clean and good water

and food. (5-1)

89. SE-5 In this world, in all societies there have always been high and

low, rich and poor persons. This will continue forever. It is

impossible to make everyone equal in the society. (1-5)

90. RAT-5 God has not created man. Man has slowly evolved from

animals in millions of years. (5-1)

91. CA-5 If blood transfusion becomes necessary in any illness, one

should get the blood of one’s own caste and not the blood of

other caste. (1-5)

92. HMP/ND-5 A pregnant women does not need any special diet; she should

eat regularly and in time her usual daily meals. (1-5)

93. CR-5 The news papers should have full freedom to publish news and

articles against the government. (5-1)

94. ASP-5 I do not lack courage, but unnecessarily I do not want to be

involved in risky and troublesome work. (1-5)

95. SCA-5 The ‘Shradha’ or the last rituals of the parents should be done

properly even if one has to borrow loans, because this offers

peace to the soul of the deceased. (1-5)

96. HMM/SU-5 Mental patients can never be good husbands and wives. (1-5)

97. PI-5 Family is more important for a person than his country, because

it is the family, which shares his joys and sorrows. (1-5)

98. LC-5 The marriage of the daughter depends entirely on her fate. All

221

of a sudden it may get settled even without any efforts and

running about by family members. (1-5)

99. SEC-5 All religions should be respected, but I believe that my religion

is better than other religions. (1-5)

100. PP-5 It is enough that one builds up his own life. He should not

involve himself in improving the conditions of others. (1-5)

222

III

SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING INVENTORY

Instructions

People are different. They live in a variety of situations and they do not feel the same

way about life and the world around them. From a practical viewpoint, it is important

to know how different persons feel with regard to their day-to-day concerns like their

health or family. Such knowledge is necessary if an improvement in the quality of life

of people is to be brought about.

This is a questionnaire on how you feel about some aspects of your life. Each

question may be answered by any one of the given categories by putting a circle

around the number,which seems to represent your feeling best. For example, in the

first question, if you feel that your life is very interesting, please put a circle around

the response ‘1’. At times you may find that your feeling is not represented perfectly

by any of the given response categories. In such cases, just choose the one closest to

what you think.

All information given by you will be treated as confidential and will be used

only for research purposes.

1. Do you feel your life is interesting?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

2. Do you think you have achieved the standard of living and the social status that

you had expected?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

3. How do you feel about the extent to which you have achieved success and are

getting ahead?

Very good 1

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Quite good 2

Not so good 3

4. Do you normally accomplish what you want to?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

5. Compared with the past, do you feel your present life is?

Very happy 1

Quite happy 2

Not so happy 3

6. On the whole, how happy are you with the things you have been doing in recent

years ?

Very happy 1

Quite happy 2

Not so happy 3

7. Do you feel you can manage situations even when they do not turn out as

expected?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

8. Do you feel confident that in the case of a crisis (anything which substantially

upsets your life situation) you will be able to cope with it/face it boldly?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

9. The way things are going now do you feel confident in coping with the future?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

10. Do you sometimes feel that you and the things around you belong very much

together and are integral parts of a common force?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

224

11. Do you sometimes experience moments of intense happiness almost like a kind

of ecstasy or bliss?

Quite often 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

12. Do you sometimes experience a joyful feeling of being part of mankind as of

one large family?

Quite often 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

13. Do you feel confident that relatives and/or friends will help you out if there is an

emergency, e.g. if you lose what you have by fire or theft?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

14. How do you feel about the relationship you and your children have?

Very good 1

Quite good 2

Not so good 3

Not applicable 4

14. Do you feel confident that relatives and/or friends will look after you if you are

severely ill or meet with an accident?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

15. Do you get easily upset if things don’t turn out as expected?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

16. Do you sometimes feel sad without reason?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

17. Do you feel too easily irritated, too sensitive?

225

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

18. Do you feel disturbed by feelings of anxiety and tension?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

19. Do you consider it a problem for you that you sometimes lose your temper over

minor things?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

20. Do you consider your family a source of help to you in finding solutions to most

of the problems you have?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

21. Do you think that most of the members of your family feel closely attached to

one another?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

22. Do you think you would be looked after well by your family in case you were

seriously ill?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

23. Do you feel your life is boring/uninteresting?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

24. Do you worry about your future?

Very much 1

226

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

25. Do you feel your life is useless?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

26. Do you sometimes worry about the relationship you and your wife/husband

have?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

Not applicable 4

27. Do you feel your friends/relatives would help you out if you were in need?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

28. Do you sometimes worry about the relationship you and your children have?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

Not applicable 4

29. Do you feel that minor things upset you more than necessary?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

30. Do you get easily upset if you are criticized?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

31. Would you wish to have more friends than you actually have?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

32. Do you sometimes feel that you miss a real close friend?

227

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

33. Do you sometimes worry about your health?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

34. Do you suffer from pains in various parts of your body?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

35. Are you disturbed by palpitations/a thumping heart?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

36. Are you disturbed by a feeling of giddiness?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

37. Do you feel you get tired too easily?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

38. Are you troubled by disturbed sleep?

Most of the time 1

Sometimes 2

Hardly ever 3

39. Do you sometimes worry that you do not have close personal relationship with

other people?

Very much 1

To some extent 2

Not so much 3

228

IV

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965)

Instructions: Below is a list of statements dealing with your general feelings about

yourself. If you strongly agree, circle SA. If you agree with the statement, circle A. If

you disagree, circle D. If you strongly disagree, circle SD.

1. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.

SA A D SD

2.* At times, I think I am no good at all.

SA A D SD

3. I feel that I have a number of good qualities.

SA A D SD

4. I am able to do things as well as most other people.

SA A D SD

5.* I feel I do not have much to be proud of.

SA A D SD

6.* I certainly feel useless at times.

SA A D SD

7. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal

plane with others.

SA

A

D

SD

8.* I wish I could have more respect for myself.

SA A D SD

9.* All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure.

SA A D SD

10. I take a positive attitude toward myself. SA A D SD

229

Appendix- V

Socio Economic Status Scale

The SES scale is a combination of an individual’s education, occupation and income.

High Socio Economic Status: High [Education + Occupation +Income]

Middle Socio Economic Status: middle [Education + Occupation +Income]

Low Socio Economic Status: Low [Education + Occupation +Income]

INCOME:

High=Above Rs 1, 00,000

Middle=Rs 30,000 to 1, 00,000

Low=Below Rs 30,000

EDUCATION:

High= Graduation and above

Middle=above primary, up to PUC

Low=below primary and uneducated

OCCUPATION:

High=High Status Occupation

Middle=Middle Status Occupation

Low=Low status Occupation

Note: The inventory of classification of occupation is given in the appendix.

Occupational Status

High status Occupation: I.A.S. and I.P.S Officers, Managers, Executives, Lecturers,

Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers, Agricultures, Bank Employees, Businessmen (real estate

agents, builders, traders, travel agents, owners of boutiques, hotels, trucks, buses,

photo studios and computer).

230

Middle Status Occupation: Assistant Account/senior Accounts clerk, bus owner,

cashier, Compounder, Electrician, Fruit merchant, Goldsmith, Head clerk, Language

interpreter, Personal Assistant, Private tutor, Sales representative, Tailor, and typist.

Low Status Occupation: Clerks, Nurses, Farm Laborers, Factory Workers,

attendants, Taxi drivers, Motorcycle pilots, Tailors, Vendors, Salesmen, Hotel

stewards, Fish mongers and Shop keepers.