appendix f – literature citeda123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic... · appendix f...

Appendix F – Literature Cited

Appendices 566


General Reference

USDA Forest Service. 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai

National Forest. Libby, MT. 179 pp.

Air Quality

Barrows, J.S., D.V. Sandberg and J.D. Hart. 1977. Lightning fires in northern Rocky Mountain Forest.

USDA: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station and the Department of Forest and

Wood Sciences, Colorado State University. p.31.

CH2M HILL. 1995. A Desk Reference for NEPA Air Quality Analysis. Prepared for the USDA Forest

Service. March 1995. p. 3.1.2-1

Environmental Protection Agency Report AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors. 1996.

Chapter 13, p. 13 1-5.

Ward, D. E., C.K. McMahon, and R.W. Johansen. 1976. An update on particulate emission from forest

fires. USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Macon, Georgia. Paper 67-

2.2, Portland OR 15. p. 176.

Aquatic Habitat and Species

Baxter, J.S. and J.D. McPhail. 1996. Bull trout spawning and rearing habitat requirements: summary of

the literature. Fisheries Technical Circular No. 98. British Columbia Ministry of Environment,

Lands and Parks: Fisheries Branch.

Baxter, C.V., and F.R. Hauer. 2000. Geomorphology, hyporheic exchange, and selection of spawning

habitat by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

57:1470-1481.

Behnke, R. J. 1992. Native trout of western North America. Am. Fish. Soc. Monograph No. 6. 275 pp.

Belt G.H., J. O'Laughlin and T. Merrill. 1992. Design of forest riparian buffer strips for the protection of

water quality: Analysis of scientific literature. Idaho Forest Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis

Group, Report No.8, Idaho Forest, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho.

Bjornn, T. C. and D. W. Reiser. 1991. Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams. Pages 83-138 in W.

R. Meehan ed. Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fish and their habitat.

American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19:83-138, 1991.

Donald, D.B., and D.J. Alger. 1993. Geographic distribution, species displacement, and niche overlap for

lake trout and bull trout in mountain lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:238-247.

Fraley, J.J., and B.B. Shepard. 1989. Life history, ecology and population status of migratory bull trout

(Salvelinus confluentus) in the Flathead lake and river system, Montana. Northwest Science

63(4):133-143.

Furniss, M.J., T.D. Roelofs, and C.S. Lee. 1991. Road construction and maintenance. American Fisheries

Society Special Publication 19: 297-323.


Appendices 567

Griffith, J. S. 1988. Review of competition between cutthroat trout and other salmonids. American

Fisheries Society Symposium 4:134-140.

Hanson, B. 2014. Personal communication regarding non-native species within the project area.

Hickenbottom, J.A. 2000. A comparative analysis of surface erosion and water runoff from existing and

recontoured Forest Service roads: O’Brien Creek Watershed Lolo National Forest, Montana. M.S.

thesis. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 178p.

Hillman, T. W., J. S. Griffith and W. S. Platts, 1987. Summer and winter habitat selection by juvenile

chinook salmon in a highly sedimented Idaho stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries

Society 116: 185–195.

Homel, K., and P. Budy. 2008. Temporal and spatial variability in the migration patterns of juvenile and

subadult bull trout in northeastern Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

137:869-880.

Knowles, N., M.D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan. 2006. Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United

States. Journal of Climate 19:4545-4559.

Leary, R., F. Allendorf, and S. Forbes. 1993. Conservation genetics of bull trout in the Columbia and

Klamath River drainages. Conservation Biology 7:856-865.

Lee, D. C., J. R. Sedell, B. E. Rieman, R. F. Thurow, and J. E. Williams. 1997. Broad scale assessment of

aquatic species and habitats. An assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia

Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Vol. 3, Chap. 4. U.S. Forest Service General

Technical Report PNW-GTR-405.

Liknes, G.A. and P.J. Graham. 1988. Westslope cutthroat trout in Montana: life history, status, and

management. American Fisheries Society Symposium 4:53:60.

Marnell, L.F. 1988. Status of the cutthroat trout in Glacier National Park, Montana. American Fisheries

Society Symposium, Bethesda, Maryland.

McIntyre, J.D. and B.E. Rieman. 1995. Westslope cutthroat trout. In: Young, M.K., technical editor.

Conservation assessment for inland cutthroat trout. General Technical Report RM-256. Fort

Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

McMahon, T.E., A.V. Zale, F.T. Barrows, J.H. Selong, R.J. Danehy. 2007. Temperature and competition

between bull trout and brook trout: a test of the elevation refuge hypothesis. Transactions of the

American Fisheries Society 136:1313–1326.

Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP). 2014. Fisheries Information System (MRIS).

http://fwp.mt.gov/fishing/mFish/.

Murphy, M.L., and W.R. Meehan. 1991. Stream ecosystems. American Fisheries Society Special

Publication 19: 17-46.

National Forest Management Act of 1976

Polacek, M.C., and P.W. James. 2003. Diel microhabitat use of age-0 bull trout in Indian Creek,

Washington. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12:81-86.

Rahel, F.J., B. Bierwagen, and Y. Taniguchi. 2008. Managing aquatic species of conservation concern in

the face of climate change and invasive species. Conservation Biology, 22, 3:551–561.

Rieman, B.E. and K.A. Apperson. 1989. Status and analysis of salmonid fisheries: westslope cutthroat

trout synopsis and analysis of fishery information Idaho Department of fish and Game.

http://fwp.mt.gov/fishing/mFish/


Appendices 568

Rieman, B.E., and J.D. McIntyre. 1993. Demographic and habitat requirements for conservation of bull

trout. General Technical Report INT-302, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah.

Rieman, B.E., D.C. Lee, and R.F. Thurow. 1997. Distribution, status, and likely future trends of bull trout

within the Columbia River and Klamath River basins. North American Journal of Fisheries

Management 17:895–909.

Rieman, B.E., D. Issak, S. Adams, D. Horan, D. Nagel, C. Luce, D. Myers. 2007. Anticipated climate

warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River Basin.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1552–1565.

Schmetterling, D.A. 2003. Reconnecting a fragmented river: movements of westslope cutthroat trout and

bull trout after transport upstream of Milltown Dam, Montana. North American Journal of

Fisheries Management 23:721-731.

Shepard B. S., S. Leathe, T. Weaver, and M. Enk. 1984. Monitoring levels of fine sediment within

tributaries to Flathead Lake and impacts of fine sediment on bull trout Recruitment. IN:

Proceedings of the Wild Trout III Symposium. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National

Park, Wyoming. Sept. 24-25, 1984.

Shepard B. S., B.E. May, and W. Urie. 2005. Status and conservation of westslope cutthroat trout within

the Western United States. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:1426–1440.

Stagliano, D.M. 2010. Freshwater mussels in Montana: comprehensive results from 3 years of SWG

funded surveys. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program. 75 pp.

Stagliano, D.M. 2015. Re-evaluation and trend analysis of Western Pearlshell Mussel (SWG Tier 1)

populations across watersheds of western Montana. Report of State Wildlife Grant (SWG)

FY2015 Activities to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. FWP Agreement #150027. 14pp +

appendices

Stewart, I.T, D.R. Cayan, and M.D. Dettinger. 2004. Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in western North

America under "business as usual climate change scenarios." Climate Change 62:217-232.

Taylor, J.N., W.R. Courtenay, Jr., and J.A. McCann. 1984. Known impacts of exotic fishes in the

continental United States. Pages 322-373 in W.R. Courtenay, Jr, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr., editors.

Distribution, Biology, and Management of Exotic Fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press,

Baltimore, Maryland.

USDA-FS. 1995. Environmental Assessment: Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact.

Interim Strategies for managing fish-producing watersheds in eastern Oregon and Washington,

Idaho, western Montana and portions of Nevada. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain,

Northern, and Pacific Northwest Regions.

USDA-FS. 2006 (unpublished). Aquatic Ecological Unit Inventory (AEUI): Inventory and Monitoring of

Aquatic Biota in Wadeable Streams Protocol Project.

USDA-FS. 2007. Environmental Impact Statement for Invasive Plant Management, Kootenai National

Forest, Libby, Montana.

USDA-FS. 2011. Aquatic sensitive species list, Forest Service Region 1, Missoula, Montana.

USDA-FS 2013. Programmatic biological assessment for activities that are not likely to adversely affect

listed terrestrial species or designated critical habitat. Libby, Montana. 66 pp.


Appendices 569

USDA-FS 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai National

Forest. Libby, MT. 179 pp.

U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1998. Biological Opinion for the

effects to bull trout from continued implementation of land and resource management plans and

resource management plans as amended by the interim strategy for managing fish-producing

watersheds in eastern Oregon and Washington, Idaho, western Montana, and portions of Nevada

(INFISH), and the Interim Strategy for managing anadromous fish-producing watersheds in

Eastern Oregon and Washington, Idaho, and portions of California (PACFISH). 112 pp.

U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2010. Endangered and Threatened

Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for Bull Trout in the Coterminous

United States. Federal Register. Docket No. FWS-R1-ES-2009-0085.

Weaver, T.M., and R.G. White. 1985. Coal Creek fisheries monitoring study number III. Contract No. 53-

0385-3-2685. U.S. Forest Service Flathead National Forest, Kalispell, Mont.

Wegner, S. 1999. Monitoring results of watershed restoration activities: Quartz Creek - Middle Kootenai

bull trout recovery area. American Water Resources Association Conference Proceedings,

Bozeman, Montana.

Williams, J. E., J. E. Johnson, D. A. Hendrickson, S. Contreras-Balderas, J. D. Williams, M. Navarro-

Mendoza, D. E. McAllister, and J. E. Deacon. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered,

threatened, or of special concern. Fisheries 14(6):2–20.

Williams, J.E., A.L. Haak, H.M. Neville, and W. T. CElk Riceer. 2009. Potential consequences of climate

change to persistence of cutthroat trout populations. North American Journal of Fisheries

Management 29:533–548.

Cultural Resources

Timmons, Rebecca S., et al. 2012.Kootenai National Forest Heritage Site Inventory Strategy. Ms. on file

at Kootenai National Forest, Libby, Montana.

Economics

EPS. 2017. Economic profile system. Headwaters Economics, USDA Forest Service and Bureau of Land

Management. Retrieved from http://www.headwaterseconomics.org.

IMPLAN. 2014. IMpacts for PLANning (IMPLAN). IMPLAN, Inc. Version 3. Copyright 2015.

Additional information available at www.implan.com.

Sorenson, C.B., Keegan, C.E., Morgan, T.A., McIver, C.P., Niccolucci, M.J. 2016. Employment and Wage

Impacts of Timber Harvesting and Processing in the United States. J. For. 114(4):474–482.

Fire and Fuels

Agee, J.K. 1999. Effects on Landscape Fragmentation in Interior West Forests. p. 43. In: Rochelle, J.A.,

Lehmann, L., and J. Wisniewski. 1999. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management

Implications. 322 pages.

Agee, James K. 2002. The fallacy of passive management. Conservation Biology in Practice.

www.conservationmagazine.org/articles/v3n1/the-fallacy-of-passive-management/

http://www.headwaterseconomics.org/

http://www.implan.com/


Appendices 570

Agee, James K., and Skinner, Carl N. 2005. Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. Forest

Ecology and Management. 211 (83–96).

http://gis.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/ecology_of_western_forests/publications/publications/2005-01-

AgeeSkinner.pdf

Albini, F.A. (1976): Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. General Technical Report INT-30, Ogden,

UT; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment

Station. http://www.firemodels.org/downloads/behaveplus/publications/Albini_INT-30_1976.pdf

Anderson, Hal E. 1982. Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. Gen. Tech. Rep.

INT-GTR-122. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest

and Range Experiment Station. 22 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_int/int_gtr122.pdf

Andrews, Patricia L.; Bevins, Collin D.; Seli, Robert C. 2005. BehavePlus fire modeling system, version

3.0: User's Guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-106WWW Revised. Ogden, UT: Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 134p.

Arno, Stephen F. and Fiedler, Carl E. 2005. Mimicking Nature’s Fire: Restoring fire-prone forests in the

west. Island Press.

Brown, James K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Service Gen.

Tech. Rep. INT-16. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, UT.

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_int/int_gtr016.pdf

Brown, James K., Reinhardt, Elizabeth D., Kramer, Kylie A. 2003. Coarse woody debris: Managing

benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-105. Ogden, UT:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 16 p.

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr105.pdf

Cohen, Jack D. 1999. Reducing the wildland fire threat to homes: where and how much? USDA Forest

Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-173. Pacific Southwest Research Station, p.189-195

Cohen, Jack D. 2012. Memo. Cohen’s response to Artley’s comments regarding home ignitability.

Duveneck, M.J., Patterson III, W.A. 2007. Characterizing canopy fuels to predict fire behavior in pitch

pine stands. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. Volume 1: p. 65-70. Federal Wildland Fire

Policy, 1995. www.fs.fed.us/land/wdfire.htm

Finney, M.A. 2005. The challenge of quantitative risk analysis for wildland fire. Forest Ecology and

Management. Volume 211: p.97-108.

Fites, Jo Ann; Campbell, Mike; Reiner, Alicia; Decker, Todd. August 2007. Fire Behavior and Effects

Related to Suppression, Fuel Treatments, and Protected Areas on the Antelope Complex Wheeler

Fire.

Franklin, Jerry F.; Baker, William; Schoennagel, Tania; Moyle, Peter B. 2006. Ecological science relevant

to management policies for fire-prone forests of the western United States. Executive Summary.

Society for Conservation Biology Scientific Panel on Fire in Western U.S. Forests. Society for

Conservation Biology, North American Section, Arlington, VA.

http://www.nifc.gov/fuels/downloads/planning/EcologicalScience.pdf

Graham, Russell T.; Harvey, Alan E.; Jurgensen, Martin F.; Jain, Theresa B.; Tonn, Jonalea R.; Page-

Dumroese, Deborah S. 1994. Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. Res. Pap.

INT-RP-477. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, lntermountain

Research Station. 12 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_int/int_rp477.pdf

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_int/int_rp477.pdf


Appendices 571

Finney, Mark A., McHugh, Charles W., and Grenfell, Issac C. 2005. Stand- and landscape-level effects of

prescribed burning on two Arizona wildfires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1714-

1722.

Graham, Russell T., Harvey, Alan E., Jain, Theresa B., Tonn, Jonalea R. 1999. The effects of thinning and

similar stand treatments on fire behavior in western forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-463.

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research

Station. 27 p. http://www.ltrr.arizona.edu/~sheppard/swland/thin-fire.pdf

Graham, Russell T.; McCaffrey, Sarah; Jain, Theresa B., tech. eds. 2004. Scientific basis for changing

forest structure to modify wildfire behavior and severity. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-120. Fort

Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

43 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/main/fire_plan/index.html


Hann, Wendel J., Diane J Strohm. 2003. Fire regime condition class and associated data for fire and fuels

planning: methods and applications. pp. 337-443. In: Omi, Philip N.; Joyce, Linda A., technical

editors. Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: Conference proceedings; 2002 16-18

April; Fort Collins, CO. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p029/rmrs_p029_397_434.pdf

Hann, Wendel; Tessa Nicolet, Morgan Pence, Gene Roger. June 2008. Fuel Treatment Effects on Fire

Behavior, Suppression Effectiveness, and Structure Ignition. Grass Valley Fire. USDA R5-TP-

026a.

Proceedings RMRS-P-29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky

Mountain Research Station. 475 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p029.pdf

Hann, Wendel; Havlina, Doug; Shlisky, Ayn et al. 2003. Interagency and The Nature Conservancy fire

regime condition class website .USDA Forest Service, US Department of the Interior, The Nature

Conservancy, and Systems for Environmental Management [frcc.gov]. www.frcc.gov

Interagency Fire Regime Condition Class Guidebook Version 1.2. May 2005

http://frames.nbii.gov/frcc/documents/1.2.2.2/Complete_Guidebook_V1.2.pdf

Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L., Stephens, S.L. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: Managing

in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications. 17(8): pp 2145-2151.

http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/millar/psw_2007_millar029.pdf

National Fire Plan, 2000. Managing the Impact of Wildfires on Communities and the Environment. A

Report to the President in Response to the Wildfires of 2000. September 8, 2000.

https://www.frames.gov/catalog/6269 (accessed 02/25/17)

National Wildfire Coordination Group 2006. Fireline Handbook. NWCG Handbook 3. PMS 410-1. pp 1-

437. http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/410-1/410-1.pdf

Omi, P.N., E.J. Martinson, and G.W. Chong. 2006. Effectiveness of pre-fire fuel treatments. Final report:

JFSP project 03-2-1-07.

Peterson, David L., Morris C. Johnson, James K Agee, Theresa B Jain, Donald McKenzie, Elizabeth D

Reinhardt,. 2005. Forest structure and fire hazard in dry forest of the western United States. Gen.

Tech.

Rep. PNW-GTR-628. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest

Research Station. 30 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr628.pdf

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p029/rmrs_p029_397_434.pdf

https://www.frames.gov/catalog/6269


Appendices 572

Prichard, S.J., C.L. Riccardi, D.V Sandberg, and R.D. Ottmar. Fuels Characteristic Classification System

(FCCS) Users Guide. Pacific Northwest Research Station. 143pp.

http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/67236.pdf

Reinhardt, E.D., and Crookston, N.L. 2003. The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation

Simulator. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-116. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 209p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr116.pdf

Rothermel, R.C., (1972): A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels, General

Technical Report INT-115, Ogden, UT; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station


Safford, Hugh D.; Schmidt, David A; Carlson, Chris H. 2009. Effects of fuel treatments on fire severity in

an area of wildland-urban interface, Angora Fire, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

Scott, Joe H.; Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. 2001. Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of surface

and crown fire behavior. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 59 p.

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_rp29.pdf

Scott, Joe H.; Burgan, Robert E. 2005. Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use

with Rothermel’s surface fire spread model. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-153. Fort Collins, CO:



Skinner, C, and M. Ritchie. 2008. The Cone Fire: a chance reckoning for fuel treatments. Fire Science

Brief, Issue 4, Jan. 2008, 6p. http://www.firescience.gov/projects/03-2-3-20/03-2-3-20_brief.pdf

Smith, Jane Kapler; Fischer, William C. 1997. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of northern Idaho.

Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-363. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Intermountain Research Station. 142p. http://www.firelab.org/Publications/Smith_1997_INT-

GTR-363_ocr.pdf

Strom, B.A., and Fulé, P.A. 2007. Pre-wildfire fuel treatments affect long-term ponderosa pine forest

dynamics. International Journal of Wildland Fire. Volume 16: p.128-138.

https://library.eri.nau.edu:8443/bitstream/2019/346/1/StromAndFule.2007.PreWildfireFuelTreatm

entsAffect.pdf

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land

Management. 2004. The Healthy Forests Initiative and Healthy Forests Restoration Act: Interim

Field Guide. FS-799. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 58 p.

http://www.fs.fed.us/projects/hfi/field-guide/web/

Van Wagner, C.E. (1977) Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Canadian Journal of Forest

Research. 7: 23-34.

https://article.pubs.nrccnrc.gc.ca/RPAS/rpv?hm=HInit&journal=cjfr&volume=7&afpf=x77-

004.pdf&media=pdf&calyLang=eng

Zack, Arthur C., Morgan, Penelope. 1994. Fire history on the Idaho Panhandle National Forest.

Forest Vegetation

Alexander, Martin, E.; Hawksworth, Frank, G. 1975. Wildland Fires and Dwarf Mistletoes: A Literature

Review of Ecology and Prescribed Burning, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-14. Fort Collins, CO. USDA

Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.18p.



Appendices 573

Cowles, H.C. 1911. The causes of vegetative cycles, Botanical Gazette 51:161-183.

Cooper, Stephen V.; Nieman, Kenneth E.; Roberts, David W. Rev. 1991. Forest habitat types of northern

Idaho: a second approximation. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-236. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.143p.

Daubenmire, R., and J.B. Daubenmire. 1968. Forest vegetation of eastern Washington and Northern

Idaho, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 60, 104 pp.

Depro, Brooks M., Brian C. Murray, Ralph J. Alig, and Alyssa, Shanks. 2008. Public land, timber

harvests, and climate mitigation: Quantifying carbon sequestration potential on U.S. public

timberlands. Forest Ecology and Management255: 1122–1134.

Fins, L., Byler, J., Ferguson, D., Harvey, A., Mahalovich, M. F., McDonald, G., Zack (2002) A. Return of

the giants: restoring western white pine to the Inland Northwest. Journal of Forestry, 100(4), 20-

26.

Frissel, Christopher A., David Bayles. 1996. Ecosystem Management and the Conservation of Aquatic

Biodiversity and Ecological Integrity. Water Resource Bulletin. 12 p.

Green, Pat, John Joy, Dean Sirucek, Wendel Hann, Art Zack and Bob Naumann. 1992. Old growth forest

types of the northern region. Northern Region, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, MT. R-1 SES

4/92.60p.

Helms, John A. 1998. The Dictionary of Forestry. Society of American Foresters. Bethesda, MD. 210 p.

Keane, Robert E, Paul F Hessburg, Peter B. Landres, Fred J. Swanson. 2009. Forest Ecology and

Management. USDA Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Missoula, MT. 13p.

Lockman, I. Blakey; Kearns, Holly S.J., eds. 2106. Forest root diseases across the United States. Gen.

Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-342. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky

Mountain Research Station. 55p.

Logan, Jesse A, Jacques Regniere, James A Powell. 2003. Assessing the impacts of global warming on

forest pest dynamics. Front Ecol Environ; 1(3): 130-137

Morrison, D., and Mallett, K. 1996. Silvicultural management of Armillaria root disease in western

Canadian forests. Can. J. Plant Path. 18: 194-199.

Oliver, C. D. and B.C. Larson. 1996. Forest stand dynamics. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publishers. 520 p.

Rippy, Raini C.; Stewart, Jane E.; Zambino, Paul J.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Tirocke, Joanne M.; Kim,

Mee-Sook; Thies, Walter G. 2005. Root diseases in coniferous forests of the Inland West:

potential implications of fuels treatments. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-141. Fort Collins, CO:


Pregitzer, K. S. and Euskirchen, E. S. (2004), Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns

related to forest age. Global Change Biology, 10: 2052–2077. doi:10.1111/j.1365-

2486.2004.00866.x

Schmidt, Wyman C., Alexander, Robert R., (1985). Lodgepole pine the species and its management.

Cooperative Extension. Washington State University. 204 p.

USDA, Forest Service. (2003). Forest Insects and Disease Conditions in the United States. Forest Health

Protection. Washington, DC. 124 p.

USDA, Forest Service. Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States: 2009 update.

Forest Health Protection. Washington, DC. 38 p.


Appendices 574

USDA, Forest Service. (2013). Return of the King: Western white pine conservation and restoration in a

changing climate. Rocky Mountain Research Station Pub, March/April Issue

USDA Forest Service. (2013). Final environmental impact statement for the revised land management

plan, Idaho Panhandle National Forests. Coeur d’Alene, ID. 741 p.

USDA Forest Service. (2013) Final environmental impact statement for the revised land management

plan, Kootenai National Forest. Libby, MT. 654 p.

Invasive Plant Species

Birdsall. 2012. Restoration Ecology Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 517–523

http://agr.mt.gov/Weeds (Official state website): Montana Noxious Weeds List (Effective July 2015)

http://www.cwma.org/RushSkeletonweed.html (Colorado Weed Management Association, 2006-2016)

http://www.msuinvasiveplants.org/noxioussub.html (October 2012, monthly weed Post, MSU Extension,

Bozeman MT)

Kootenai National Forest. 2007. Kootenai National Forest Invasive Plant Management. Record of

Decision. April 2007. Kootenai National Forest. Libby, MT 31p.

Montana Local County Weed Act (MCA) 7-22-2116. Revised 2011. Montana Department of Agriculture.

18 pp.

Rice et al. 1997. Plant community diversity and growth from responses to herbicide application for the

control of Centaurea maculosa. Applied Ecology 34: 1397-1412.

Sheley, R. and Janet Petroff. 1999. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon State

University Press. Pages 238-248, 282-289, 350-361, 372-381.

Thompson. 1996. Research Gate. Winter foraging response of elk to spotted knapweed removal.

USFS. 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai National Forest.

Libby, MT. 179 pp.

Whitson, T.D. (ed.), L.C. Burrill, S.A. Dewey, D.W. Cudney, B.E. Nelson, R.D. Lee, R. Parker. 1996.

Rush skeletonweed. Weeds of the West. Western Society of Weed Science, in cooperation with

the Western United States Land Grant Universities Cooperative Extension Services, Newark CA.

pg. 99.Colorado weed management association 2006-2016

Inventoried Roadless Areas and Unroaded

USFS. 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai National Forest.

Libby, MT. 179 pp.

Other Resources

Hargrave, P.A., English, A.R., Kerschen, M.D., Liva, G.W., Lonn, J.D., Madison, J.P., Metesh, J.J., and

Wintergerst, R., 1999, Abandoned-inactive mines of the Kootenai National Forest-Administered

Land: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 395, 226 p., 1 sheet.

USDA-FS 1986. ROS User Guide, USDA Forest Service. 1986. 279 pp.

http://agr.mt.gov/Weeds

http://www.cwma.org/RushSkeletonweed.html


Appendices 575

USDA-FS. 1990. ROS Primer and Field Guide. R6-REC-021-90 [Online].

http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5335339.pdf (Accessed 02/2017)

USDA-FS. 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai National


PTES Plants

Hutchinson, Jenifer L. and McCune, Bruce P. 1999. Collema curtisporum Degel. In Riparian Forests of

Northern Idaho. Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis,

OR 97331.

Keane, Robert E.; Tomback, D.F.; Aubry, C.A.; Bower, A.D.; Campbell, E.M.; Cripps, C.L.; Jenkins,

M.B.; Mahalovich, M.F.; Manning, M.; McKinney, S.T.; Murray, M.P.; Perkins, D.L.; Reinhart,

D.P.; Ryan, C.; Schoettle, A.W.; Smith, C.M. 2012. A range-wide restoration strategy for

whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-279. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 108p.

Kootenai National Forest. Sensitive Plant Field Guide, March 2005, fifth edition. USDA Forest Service,

Northern Region, KNF.

MNHP, Montana Natural Heritage Program Montana Rare Plant Field Guide, on-line at

http://mtnhp.org/plants/default.asp

USDA Forest Service, Region 1. 2011. Sensitive Plant Species List, Plants in Montana.

http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r1/plants-animals/?cid=stelprdb5130525

Vanderhorst, J. 1997. Status review of Clarkia rhomboidea in Montana. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai

National Forest, 1101 US Hwy 2 West, Libby, Montana 59923. 19 pages and Appendices.

Vanderhorst, J.P. 1997. Conservation assessment of sensitive moonworts (Botrychium subgenus

Botrychium) on the Kootenai National Forest. Unpublished report. Montana Natural Heritage

Program, Helena, MT 82 pp. plus appendices. References Cited

Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation online at whitebarkfound.org (accessed January 2017)

Scenic Resource

USDA-FS. 1990. ROS Primer and Field Guide. R6-REC-021-90 [Online].

http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5335339.pdf (Accessed 02/2017)

USDA-FS. 1995. Landscape Aesthetics - A Handbook for Scenery Management, USDA Forest Service,

Agriculture Handbook Number 701. Washington DC.

USDA-FS. 2015. Kootenai National Forest Land Management Plan, 2015 Revision. Kootenai National


Soils

Adams, P.W. 1998. Soil compaction on woodland properties. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University

Extensive Service. Woodland Workbook EC 1109. 8p.

http://mtnhp.org/plants/default.asp

http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r1/plants-animals/?cid=stelprdb5130525

http://whitebarkfound.org/


Appendices 576

Adams, P.W. and H.A. Froehlich 1984. Compaction of forest soils. A Pacific Northwest Extension

Publication, PNW 217, 8p.

Amaranthus, M. P., J. M. Trappe and R. J. Molina. 1989. Long-term forest productivity and the living

soil. In: Maintaining the long-term productivity of Pacific northwest forest ecosystems. D. A.

Perry, ed. pp. 36 and 48.

Archuleta, J.G., and E.S. Baxter, 2008. Subsoiling promotes native plant establishment on compacted

forest sites, Native Plants Journal 9(2): 117-122.

Arno, Stephen F. 1996. The Concept: Restoring Ecological Structure and Process in Ponderosa Pine

Forests. In: The Use of fire in Forest Restoration. Hardy, C.C., and S.F. Arno. 1996. USDA Forest

Service. Intermountain Research Station. Ogden, UT. INT-GTR-341.

Barnett, D. 1989. Fire effects on coast range soils of Oregon and Washington and management

implementation: a state-of-knowledge review. R6 Soils Tech. Rep., 66 p.

Borcher, J., and D. Perry, 1990. Effects of Prescribed Fire on Soil Organisms. In Walstad, J.D., et al.

(eds.) Natural and Prescribed Fire in the Pacific Northwest Forests. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State

Univ. Press: 1990. 317 p.

Bissett, J., and D. Parkinson. 1980. Long-Term Effects of Fire on the Composition and Activity of the

Soil Microflora of a Subalpine, Coniferous Forest. Ca. Bot. 58:1704-1721.

Brady, N.C., and R.R. Weil. 2002. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Thirteenth Edition. Upper Saddle

River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. pp 928-929.

Brown, J.K., E.D. Reinhardt, and K.A. Kramer. 2003. Coarse woody debris: managing benefits and fire

hazard in the recovering forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-105, July, 16 pp.

Bulmer, C., J.A. Archuleta, and M. Curran. 2007. Restoring and Enhancing Productivity of Degraded

Tephra-Derived Soils, USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-44, PP 121-135.

Certini, G., 2005. Effects of Fire on Properties of Forest Soils: A Review. Oecologis. 143: 1-10

Choromanska, U., and T. H. DeLuca. 2001. Prescribed Fire Alters the Impact of Wildfire on Soil

Biochemical Properties in a Ponderosa Pine Forest. Published in Soil Sci. Soc. AM. J. 65:232-

238.

DeBano L.F. 2000. The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments: a

review. Journal of Hydrology. 231-232: 195-206.

DeBano, L.F. 1991. The effect of fire on soil properties. In: Proceedings- -Management and Productivity

of Western Montane Forest Soils. Harvey, A and L. Neuenschwander, compilers. Gen. Tech. Rep.

INT-280. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Pp. 151-155.

DeBano, L.F., Neary, D., and P. Ffolliott, 1998. Fire’s effects on ecosystems. New York: John Wiley and

Sons, Inc. 333p.

DeBano, L.F. 1981. Water repellant soils: a state-of-the-art. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-46, Pacific Southwest

Forest and Range Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, CA. 21 pp.

Dykstra P. and M. Curran. 2002. Skid road recontouring in British Columbia: 7-year tree growth results.

Res. Br. B.C. Min. For. Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 001.

Dyrness, C.T. 1976. Effect of wildfire on soil wettability in the high Cascades of Oregon. Res. Pap. PNW-

202. 18 pp.


Appendices 577

Frandsen, W.H., and K.C. Ryan. 1985. Soil moisture reduces belowground heat flux and soil temperatures

under a burning fuel pile. Can. J. For. Res. 16:244-248.

Froehlich H.A., D.W.R. Miles, and R.W. Robbins. 1985. Soil bulk density recovery on compacted skid

trails in Central Idaho. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1015-1017.

Froehlich, H.A., and D.H. McNabb. 1983. Minimizing soil compaction in Pacific Northwest forests. In

E.L. Stne (Ed.) Forest Soils and Treatm. Impacts, Proc. of 6th North Am. For. Soils Conf., U of

TN Conf., 2016 Lake Ave. Knoxville, TN, June, pp. 159-192.

Froehlich, H.A. and D.W.R. Miles, 1984. Winged subsoiler tills compacted forest soils. For. Industries,

Feb: 42-43.

Froehlich, H.A., R.W. Robbins, D.W.R. Miles, and J.K Lyons. 1983. Soil Monitoring project report on

Payette National Forest and Boise Cascade lands. Payette NF, McCall, ID. 58 pp. Monitoring

recovery of compacted skid trails in central Idaho.

Froehlich H.A., J. Azevedo, P. Cafferata, and D. Lysne, 1980. Predicting soil compaction on forested

land; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Engineering Department,

Oregon State University, Final Project Report under Cooperative Agreement Number 228; 5P.

Gent, J.A. and R. Ballard 1984. Impact of intensive forest management practices on the bulk density of

lower Coastal Plain and Piedmont soils. South J. Appl. For. 9: 44-48.

Gier, J.M., K. Kindle, Page-Dumroese, D.S., and L.J. Kuennen. 2017. Soil compaction recovery on the

Kootenai National Forest. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai National Forest, Unpublished – In for

review.

Gier, J.M. 2016. Soil compaction recovery on the Kootenai National Forest: Findings over a 25+ year

period, Presentation at Society of Ecological Restoration, Portland, OR, April, 2016, 32 slides

Gier, J.M. and J.L. Galloway. 2014. Units randomly re-sampled to determine change in DSD from initial

post-harvest sample to combined 2012-2013 resample (01232014). xlsx spreadsheet tables.

Gier, J.M., K. Kindle, A. Abbott, D.S. Page-Dumroese, and L.J. Kuennen. 2013. Determining Soil

Recovery Curves Following Timber Management Activities on the Kootenai National Forest,

Abstract for presentation at the 2013 North American Forest Soils Conference, 2P. White Paper

Graham, R. T., A. E. Harvey, M. F. Jurgenson, T. B. Jain, J. R. Tonn and D. S. Page-Dumroese. 1994.

Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service

Intermountain Research Station. Research paper INT-RP-477.

Gomez, A., R.F. Powers, M.J. Singer, and W.R. Horwath. 2002. Soil compaction effects on growth of

young ponderosa pine following litter removal in California’s Sierra Nevada. Soil Soc. Am. J.

66:1334-1343 (2002).

Goodwin, K.M., and R.L. Sheley, 2001. What To Do When Fires Fuel Weeds, A step-by-step guide for

managing invasive plants after a wildfire, Rangelands 23(6) pp15-21.

Han, H.-S., Page-Dumroese, D., Han, S.-K., and Tirocke, J. 2006. Effects of slash, machine passes, and

soil moisture on penetration resistance in a cut-to-length harvesting. Int. J. For. Eng. 17(2): 11-24.

Hart, S., T. H., G. S. Newman, M. D. MacKenzie, and S. I. Boyle. 2005. Post-fire Vegetation Dynamics

for Microbial Community Structure and Function in Forest Soils. Forest Ecology and

Management. 220: 166-184.


Appendices 578

Hartford, R.A., and W.H. Frandsen 1992. When it’s hot, it’s hot… or maybe it’s not! (Surface flaming

may not portrend extensive soil heating) USDA FS, Intermountain Research Station,

International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2(3): 139-144.

Harvey, A.E., R.T. Meurisse,, J.M. Geist, M.F. Jurgensen, G.I. McDonald, R.T. Graham, and N. Stark.

1989. Managing Productivity Processes in the inland Northwest-Mixed Conifers and Pines.

Timber Press, Inc., Portland, OR. 21p.

Hazard J.W. and J.M. Geist. 1984. Sampling forest soil conditions to assess impacts of management

activities. In: Forest soils and treatment impacts., E.L. Stone ed., Proc. Of the 6th NA forest soils

conf., June, Univ. of TN, p. 421-429.

Howes, S.W., J.W. Hazard, and J.M. Geist. 1983. Guidelines for sampling some physical conditions of

surface soils. USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region. R6-RWM-146-1983. July 1983.

Huffmann, E.L., L.H. MacDonald, and J.D. Stednick. 2001. Strength and persistence of fire-induced soil

hydrophobicity under ponderosa and lodgepole pine, Colorado Front Range. Hydrol. Process. 15:

2877-2892.

Hungerford, R.D., M.G. Harrington, W.H. Frandsen, K.C. Ryan, and G.J. Niehoff. 1991. Influence of fire

on factors that affect site productivity. In: Proceedings – Mgtmt. And productivity of western

montane forest soils. USDA FS Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-280. p. 32-50.

Johnson, L.R., D. Page-Dumroese, and H.S. Han, 2007. Effects of machine traffic on physical properties

of ash-cap soils, In: Volcanic-Ash-Derived Forest Soils of the Inland Northwest: Properties and

Implications for Management and Restoration; Proceedings RMRS-P-44, 2007, p.69-82.

Joplin, M. 2009. Grayback Thinning KV Project, Road Rehabilitation and Sediment Control, 6 slides.

Kean R.E., K.C. Ryan, T.T. Veblen, C.D. Allen, J. Logan, and B. Hawkes. 2002. Cascading Effects of Fire

Exclusion in Rocky Mountain Ecosystems: A Literature Review., United States Dept. of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Gen. Tech. Report RMRS-GTR-

91, May 2002.

Kuennen, Louis J. pers. Comm. 2015. Personal conversation with the KNF Soil Scientist regarding soil

recovery related to freeze/thaw activities on the Kootenai National Forest.

Kuennen, Louis J. pers. Comm. 2011. Personal conversation with the KNF Soil Scientist regarding soil

compaction values as they relate to historical compaction values.

Kuennen, Louis J. pers. Comm. 2008. Personal conversation with the KNF Soil Scientist regarding the

use of true bull dozer harvest activities and treatment of remaining fuel material and how such

equipment often doubled post-harvest soil DSD values.

Kuennen, L.J. 2006a. Average disturbance by activity for years 1988-2005, Appendix C, USDA-FS,

Kootenai National Forest. White Paper. 2pp.

Kuennen, L.J. 2006b. Thirty-Five Years of Studying, Learning about, and Interpreting Soil on the

Kootenai National Forest. USDA-FS, Kootenai National Forest. White Paper. 19 pp.

Kuennen, L.J. 2006c. Soils of Special Concern, Appendix E, Kootenai National Forest, White Paper. 2pp.

Kuennen, L.J. 2006d. On-Going Soil Monitoring regarding harvest activities and related soil disturbance

values (2000-2005) on the Kootenai National Forest, Appendix I USDA-FS, Kootenai National

Forest.

Kuennen, L.J. 2006e. Soil disturbance and documentation methodology, Appendix A, USDA-FS,

Kootenai National Forest. White Paper. 2pp.


Appendices 579

Kuennen, L.J. 2003. Monitoring Averages/Recommendations. Internal Document. Kootenai National

Forest. White Paper.

Kuennen, L.J. 2000. Fires effects on soils. Appendix E in: Forest Assessment of 2000 Major Fires.

Kootenai National Forest. White Paper.

Kuennen, L.J. and Gier, J.M. 2013. Appendix I in: USDA FS-Kootenai National Forest, Soil Monitoring

Results, 1988-2013, Libby, MT.

Kuennen, L.J., and M.L Nielsen-Gerhardt. 1995. Soil Survey of the Kootenai National Forest Area,

Montana and Idaho. USDA Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service in

cooperation with the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Libby, MT.

Kuennen, L.J., and M.L. Nielsen-Gerhardt. 1984. Kootenai National Forest Land System Inventory.

Kootenai National Forest. Libby, MT.

Lee D.C., J.R. Sedell, G.E. Rieman, R.F. Thurow, and J.E. Williams. 1997. Broadscale assessment of

aquatic species and habitats. An assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia

Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Vol. 3. Chap. 4, USFS General Technical

Report and PNW-GTR-405, pp. 1100-1109 and 1193-1200.

Lenhard, R.J. 1986. Changes in void distribution during compaction of forest soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

50:462-464.

MacKenzie, M.D., T.H. DeLuca, and A.Sala. 2006. Fire exclusion and Nitrogen mineralization in low

elevation forests of Western Montana. In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, (38) p. 952-961.

McNabb, D.H., and K. Cromack, Jr. 1990. Effects of prescribed fire on nutrients and soil productivity. In:

Natural and prescribed fire in Pacific Northwest forests. Walstad, J. D. et al., Corvallis, OR, OR

State Univ. Press, p. 125-142.

Megahan, W.F. 1990. Erosion and site productivity in western-Montana forest ecosystems. In:

Proceedings, Management and Productivity of Western-Montana Forest Soils. Gen. Tech. Rep.

INT-280. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. pp. 146-150.

Monk, B. 2009. Multipurpose subsoiling excavator attachments; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest

Service, National Technology and Development Program; 2400-Forest Management 0424 1804-

SDTDC, 15P.

Niehoff, G.L. 1985. Effects of Clearcutting and Varying Severity of Prescribed Burning on Levels of

Organic Matter and the Mineralization of Ammonium Nitrogen in the Surface Layer of Forest

Soils. M.S. Thesis, Moscow, ID: Univ. of Idaho.

Nielson-Gerhardt, M. 1986. Effects of Logging and Mechanical Site Preparation on Levels of

Mineralizable Nitrogen and Organic Matter in Forest Soils. M.S. Thesis, Moscow, ID: Univ. of

Idaho.

Page-Dumroese, D.S. 1993. Susceptibility of volcanic ash-influenced soil in Northern Idaho to

mechanical compaction. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research

Station, Research Note, INT-409 Feb. 1993, 5p.

Page-Dumroese, D.S., A.M. Abbott, and T.M. Rice, 2009. Forest Soil Disturbance Monitoring Protocol:

Volume I: Rapid assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Report.

WO-GTR-82a. Washington, D.C. 31p.

Page-Dumroese, D.S., Jurgensen, M.J., Tiarks, A.E., Ponder, F.J, Sanchez, F.G., Fleming, R.L.,

Kranabetter, M.J., Powers, R.F., Stone, D.M., Eliof, J.D., Scott, D.A., 2006, Soil physical


Appendices 580

property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years

after compaction, Can. J. For. Res. 36:551-564.

Page-Dumroese, D.S., M.F. Jurgensen, W.Elliott, T.Rice, J.Nesser, T.Collins, and R.Meurisse. 2000. Soil

quality standards and guidelines for forest sustainability in northwestern North America. Forest

Ecology and Management 138 (2000) 445-462.

Parsons, A., P.R. Robichaud, S.A. Lewis, C. Napper, and J.T. Clark. 2010. Field Guide for Mapping Post-

Fire Soil Burn Severity, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA F.S., General Tech. Rpt.,

RMRS-GTR-243, 49p.

Powers, R. F. 1990. Are we maintaining the productivity of Forest lands? Establishing guidelines through

a network of long-term studies. In: Harvey, A. E. and L. F. Neuenschwander (Eds.). Proceedings-

Management Productivity of Western Montane Soils. USDA, Forest Service Intermountain

Research Station. pp. 70-81.

Powers, R.F., Scott, D.A., Sanchez, F.G., Voldseth, R.A., Page-Dumroese, D., Elioff, J.D., and D.M.

Stone. 2005. The North American Long Term Soil Productivity experiment findings from the first

decade of research. Forest Ecology and Management. 220:31-50.

Powers, R. F., F.G. Sanchez, D.A. Scott, and D.S. Page-Dumroese 2004. The North American long-term

soil productivity experiment: coast-to-coast findings from the first decade. USDA, Forest Service

Intermountain Research Station. P-34, pp. 191-206.

Raisen, R.J. 1979. Modification of Soil Environment by Vegetation Fires, with Particular Reference to

Nitrogen Transformations: A Review. Plant and Soil 51:73-108.

USDA Forest Service 2015a. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Forest Revised Land Management

Plan, Kootenai National Forest, 654p.

USDA Forest Service, 2015b. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Revised Land Management

Plan, Kootenai National Forest, 179p.

USDA Forest Service, 2015c. Soil monitoring report F-4, Kootenai National Forest, 9p.

USDA Forest Service 2014. R-1 Supplement 2500-2014-1, Chap 2550 – Soil Management; United States

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, effective March 28, 2014 8p. supersedes 2500-99-1

(11/12/1999).

USDA Forest Service, 2011. Region 1 Approach to Soils NEPA analysis regarding detrimental soil

disturbance in forested areas, A Technical Guide, 36pp.

USDA Forest Service, 2007. Kootenai National Forest, 2007 Invasive Plant Management Record of

Decision.

USDA Forest Service, 2003. Kootenai National Forest, 2002 Forest Plan Monitoring Report. Kootenai

National Forest. Libby, MT. Item F4.

USDA Forest Service 1995a. FSH 2509.13 – Burned-Area Emergency Rehabilitation Handbook, WO

Amendment 2509.13-95-3, Effective 1/12/95, 6p.

USDA Forest Service 1995b. Inland Native Fish Strategy Environmental Assessment, Decision Notice

and Finding of No Significant Impact, Intermountain, Northern, and Pacific Northwest Regions,

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

USDA Forest Service. 1999. Region 1 Soil Quality Standards. 2554.03-R1 Suppl. 2500-99-1. 6p.


Appendices 581

USDA Forest Service, 1998. Kootenai National Forest, 1997 Forest Plan Monitoring Report. Kootenai

National Forest. Libby, MT. Item F4.

USDA Forest Service 1988. Soil and Water Conservation Practices Handbook. FSH 2509.22 R1/R4 5/88.

USDA Forest Service, 1976. National Forest Management Act (NFMA), US Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service.

USDA Forest Service, 1960. National Forest Multiple-Sustained Use Yield Act of 1960, US Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Wallbrink, P.J., Roddy, B.P., Olley, J.M., 2002. A tracer budget quantifying soil redistribution on hill

slopes after forest harvesting. Catena 47, 179-201.

Wells, C.G., R.E. Campbell, L.F. DeBano, C.E. Lewis, R.L. Fredriksen, E.C. Franklin, R.C. Froehlich and

D.H. Dunn. 1979. Effects of Fire on Soil: A State of the Knowledge Review. USDA Forest

Service Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-7. p.26.

Zdanowicz, C.M., G.A. Zielinski, and M.S. Germani. 1999. Mount Mazama eruption: Calendrical age

verified and atmospheric impact assessed. Geology 1999; 27; p.621-624.

Water Resource

Bair, B. 2010. Restoration Evolution vs. Restoration Intelligent Design. USFS TEAMS Enterprise Unit,

Stevenson, Washington. 2010 Lower Clark Fork Restoration Symposium presentation.

Brooks K., P. Ffolliott, H. Gregersen, and L. DeBano. 1997. Hydrology and the Management of

Watersheds, Second Edition. Iowa State University Press.

Chamberlin, T. W., R. Harr and F. Everest. 1991. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19.

Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats, Chapter

6, Timber Harvesting, Silviculture, and Watershed Processes.

Cheng, JD. 1989. Stream flow changes after clear-cut logging of a pine beetle-infested watershed in

southern British Columbia, Canada. In: Water Resource Research, Vol. 25, No. 3

Ercelawn, A. 1999. End of the Road: The Adverse Ecological Impacts of Roads and Logging: A

Compilation of Independently Reviewed Research. Natural Resources Defense Council.

http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/roads/cotrinx.asp.

FSWEPP. 1999. WEPP Interface for Predicting Forest Road Runoff, Erosion and Sediment Delivery.

United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range

Experiment Station.

Furniss, M. T. Roelfs, and C. Yee. 1991. Road Construction and Management on Salmonid Fishes and

Their Habitats. Meehan, W. (ed). AFS Special Publication. 19:297-323.

Grant, G., S. Lewis, F. Swanson, J. Cissel, J. McDonnell. 2008. Effects of Forest Practices on Peak Flows

and Consequent Channel Response: A State-of-Science Report for Western Oregon and

Washington. Gen. Tech. Report PNW-GTR-760 USDA Forest Service.

Kootenai National Forest. 2011. Kootenai National Forest BMP Tracking Documentation Summary 1991-

2011.

La Marche, J., D. Lettenmaier 2000. Effects of Forest Roads on Flood Flows in the Deschutes River,

Washington. Earth Surface, Processes and Landforms Vol 26


Appendices 582

Marbet, 2002. Hydrology of forest roads in the Oregon coast range. 2002 Council on Forest Engineering

(COFE) Conference Proceedings: “A Global Perspective” Auburn, June 16-20, 2002

Megahan, W. 1972. Subsurface Flow Interception by a Logging Road In Mountains of Central Idaho.

National Symposium on Watersheds in Transition 1972, pgs. 350-356.

Montana DEQ, 2014. Appendix A. Montana List of Impaired Waters. Helena, Montana.

Montana DNRC. 2012. Montana Forestry Best Management Practice (BMP) 2012 Monitoring Report.

Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO. p. 1-3, 6-30,

and 8-9.

Rumsey et al. 2015. Regional scale estimates of baseflow and factors influencing baseflow in the Upper

Colorado River Basin. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 4 (2015) 91–107

Sando, Roy and K. Blasch, 2015, Predicting alpine headwater stream intermittency: a case study in the

northern Rocky Mountains, Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, vol. 15 (2), pp. 68-80

Smerdon, D., D.M. Allen, S.E. Grasby, M.A. Berg. 2009. An approach for predicting groundwater

recharge in mountainous watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, Volume 365, Issues 3-4.

Springer, A. 1990. Overview of Case Studies on Recovery of Aquatic

Systems from Disturbance. Environmental Management Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 571-587.

Stanley, E.H et al. 2010. The evolving legacy of disturbance in stream ecology: concepts, contributions,

and coming challenges. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2010, 29(1):67–83

USFS. 1973. Forest Hydrology Part II. Hydrologic Effects of Vegetation Manipulation. Northern Region.

Regional Office. Missoula, MT. pgs 1-16.

USFS. 1975. Phankuch stream reach inventory and channel stability evaluation. USDA Forest Service,

Northern Region Missoula, MT. 26 pp.

USFS. 1995. Inland Native Fish Strategy (INFS) United States Forest Service, Region 1, Missoula, MT

(Incorporated by reference only; document too large)

USFS. 2000. Measuring and Modeling Soil Erosion Processes in Forests. United States Department of

Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Moscow FSL

publication 2000h.

USFS. 2006. Kootenai National Forest Proposed Land Management Plan. Kootenai National Forest.

Libby, MT. (Incorporated by reference only; document too large)

USFS. 2007. Kootenai National Forest Invasive Plant Management ROD 2007. Kootenai National Forest.

Libby, MT

Wallbrink and Croke. 2002. A combined rainfall simulator and tracer approach to assess the role of Best

Management Practices in minimizing sediment redistribution and loss in forests after harvesting.

Forest Ecology and mangement 170:217-232

Wegner, S. 1998. MONITORING RESULTS OF WATERSHED RESTORATION ACTIVITIES Quartz

Creek - Middle Kootenai Bull Trout Recovery Area. Kootenai National Forest. Libby, MT

Wemple, B. 1994. Hydrologic Integration of Forest Roads with Stream Networks in Two Basins, Western

Cascades, Oregon. A Thesis submitted to Oregon State University.

Wemple, B., J. Jones, G. Grant 1996. Channel Network Extension By Logging Roads in two basins,

Western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 6


Appendices 583

Wemple. B. and J. Jones. 2003. Runoff production on forest roads in a steep, mountain catchment. Water

Resources Research, Vol. 39, No. 8, 1220. DOI:10.1029/2002WR001744.

Wildlife

Anderson, J. 2015. Elk Security consistency with the 2015 Forest Plan. Forest biologist. July 6, 2015

memo. Libby, Montana. 6 p.

Banci, V. 1994. Wolverine. In: The scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores: American marten,

fisher, lynx, and wolverine in the western United States. General Technical Report RM-254. Fort

Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain, Forest and Range Experiment Station. 184

p.

Bertram, T., and J. Claar. 2008. Horizontal cover: Interim guidance for assessing multi-storied stands

within lynx habitat. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service Northern Region, Missoula,

Montana. 3 p.

Bonn, J., B. Dixon, E. Kenney, and D. Pengeroth. 2007. Black-backed woodpecker Northern Region

overview: Key findings and project considerations. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service,

Missoula, Montana. 41 p.

Bratkovich, A. (Wildlife Biologist). 2007. Personal communication with Libby Ranger District Wildlife

Biologist regarding Kootenai National Forest bird species and neotropical migratory bird

classification. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai National Forest, Libby, Montana. November 2007.

Carter, M.F., Hunter, W.C., Pashley, D.N., and Rosenberg, K.V. 2000. Setting conservation priorities for

landbirds in the United States: the Partners in Flight approach. The Auk 117(2), 541-548.

Cassirer, E. F., J. Reichel, R. Wallen, and E. Atkinson. 1996. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus)

conservation assessment and strategy for the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Idaho Department of Fish

and Game, Montana Natural Heritage Program, Grand Teton National Park, and Hawk Mountain

Sanctuary Assoc. Lewiston, Idaho. 54 p.

Clinton, W. 2001. Responsibilities of federal agencies to protect migratory birds. In: Federal Register

(Vol. 66, No. 11), January 17, 2001. Pp. 3853-3856.

Copeland, J. K. McKelvey, K. Aubry, A. Landa, J. Persson, R. Inman, J. Krebs, E. Lofroth, H. Golden, J.

Squires, A. Magoun, M. Schwartz, J. Wilmot, C. Copeland, R. Yates, I. Kojola, and R. May. 2010.

The bioclimatic envelope of the wolverine (Gulo gulo): Do climatic constraints limit its

geographic distribution? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 88: 233-246.

Copeland, J., and R. Yates. 2008. Wolverine population assessment in Glacier National Park:

Comprehensive summary update. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain

Research Station, Missoula, MT. 16 p.

Copeland, J., J. Peek, C. Groves, W. Melquist, K. McKelvey, G. McDaniel, C. Long, and C. Harris. 2007.

Seasonal habitat associations of the wolverine in central Idaho. The Journal of Wildlife

Management 71(7): 2201-2212.

Coltrane, J., J. Gude, B. Inman, N. Lance, A. Messer, A. Nelson, T. Parks, M. Ross, T. Smucker, J.

Steuber, and J. Vore. 2015. Montana Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2015 Annual

Report. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Helena, Montana. 74 p.

DuBois, K. 2010. 2009 bald eagle nesting season summary. Unpublished report. Montana, Fish, Wildlife

and Parks, Missoula, Montana. 19 p.


Appendices 584

ERG. 2012. Wildlife habitat assessment for the Kootenai and Idaho Panhandle Plan Revision Zone

(KIPZ). Unpublished Report. Ecosystem Research Group. 134 p. plus appendix.

Erickson, J. and S. West. 1996. Managed Forests in the Western Cascades: The Effects of Seral Stage on

Bat Habitat Use Patters. In: Bats and Forests Symposium. (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada:

Research Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests), 216-227.

Fellers, G., and E. Pierson. 2002. Habitat use and foraging behavior of Townsend’s big-eared bat

(Corynorhinus Townsendii) in Coastal California. Journal of Mammalogy 83(1):167-177 11 p.

Foresman. 2012. Mammals of Montana. Mountain Press Publishing Company. Missoula, Montana. 429 p.

Grindal, S. 1996. Habitat use by bats in fragmented forest. In: Bats and forests symposium. (Victoria,

British Columbia: B.C. Ministry of Forests), 260-272.

Groves, C., and E. Yensen. 1989. Rediscovery of the northern bog lemming in Idaho. Northwestern

Naturalist 70: 14-15.

Gruver, J., and D. Kenaith. 2006. Townsend’s Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii): A technical

conservation assessment. Unpublished Report. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region.

93 p. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/townsendsbigearedbat.pdf.

Hamlin, K. L. "Montana elk management plan." Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (2004).

Hanauska-Brown, L., L. Bradley, J. Gude, N. Lance, K. Laudon, A. Messer, A. Nelson, M. Ross, and J.

Stueber. 2012. Montana gray wolf conservation and management 2011 annual report.

Unpublished Report. Montana, Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 54 p.

Hayward, G., and J. Verner, tech. editors. 1994. Flammulated, western, and great gray owls in the United

States: A technical conservation assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-253. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment

Station. 214 p.

Heinemeyer, K., and J. Squires. 2012. Idaho wolverine winter recreation research project: investigating

the interactions between wolverines and winter recreation 2011-2012 progress report.

Unpublished Report.

Hendricks, P., K. Jurist, D. Genter, and J. Reichel. 1995. Bat survey of the Kootenai National Forest,

Montana: 1994. Unpublished report. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 65 p.

Hendricks, P., K. Jurist, D. Genter, and J. Reichel. 1996. Bats of the Kootenai National Forest, Montana.

Unpublished report. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 99 p.

Hillis, J., M. Thompson, J. Canfield, L. Lyon, C. Marcum, P. Dolan, and D. McCleery. 1991. Defining elk

security: The Hillis Paradigm. In: Proceeding of a symposium on elk vulnerability. (Bozeman,

Montana: Montana Chapter of The Wildlife Society), 38-43.

Hornocker, M., and H. Hash. 1981. Ecology of the wolverine in northwestern Montana. Canadian Journal

of Zoology 59: 1286-1301.

Hutto, R., and J. Young. 1999. Habitat relationships of landbirds in the Northern Region, USDA Forest

Service. General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-32. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky

Mountain Research Station. 72 p. IGBC. 1998. Selkirk/Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery

Areas: Interim access management rule set. Unpublished report. Interagency Grizzly Bear

Committee, Missoula, Montana. 10 p.

Inman, R. M., B. L. Brock, K. H. Inman, S. S. Sartorius, B. C. Aber, B. Giddings, S. L. Cain, M. L. Orme,

J. A. Fredrick, B. J. Oakleaf, K. L. Alt, E. Odell, G. Chapron. 2013. Developing priorities for

http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/townsendsbigearedbat.pdf


Appendices 585

metapopulation conservation at the landscape scale: Wolverines in the western United States.

Biological Conservation 166: 276-286.

Johnson, W. (Ed.). 2004. A conservation plan based on the 1987 Kootenai National Forest Land

Management Plan as amended. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai National

Forest, Libby, Montana. 17 p.

Jones 1991. Habitat use of fisher in North-central Idaho. Masters Thesis. University of Idaho. Moscow,

Idaho. 152 p.

Kasworm, W., H. Carriles, and T. Radandt. 2004. Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery Area 2003

research and monitoring progress report. Unpublished report. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service,








Kasworm, W., H. Carriles, T. Radandt, J. Teisberg, M. Proctor, and C. Servheen. 2012. Cabinet-Yaak

Grizzly Bear Recovery Area 2011 research and monitoring progress report. Unpublished report.

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Missoula, Montana. 90 p.

Kasworm, W., H. Carriles, T. Radandt, M. Proctor, and C. Servheen. 2007. Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear

Recovery Area 2006 research and monitoring progress report. Unpublished report. USDI Fish and

Wildlife Service, Missoula, MT. 69 p.

Kasworm, W., and T. Manley. 1988. Grizzly bear and black bear ecology in the Cabinet Mountains of

northwest Montana. Unpublished report. Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Helena, Montana. 122

p.

Kasworm, W., T. Radandt, J. Teisberg, M. Proctor, and C. Servheen. 2014. Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear

Recovery Area 2013 research and monitoring progress report. Unpublished report, USDI Fish and

Wildlife Service, Missoula, Montana 110 p.

Kasworm, W., T. Radandt, J. Teisberg, M. Proctor, and C. Servheen. 2013. Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear

Recovery Area 2012 research and monitoring progress report. Unpublished report, USDI Fish and

Wildlife Service, Missoula, Montana 98 p.

Kootenai National Forest Lynx Taskforce. 1997. Lynx conservation strategy Kootenai National Forest.

Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai National Forest, Libby, Montana. 6 p.

Koehler, G. M. and Aubry, K. B., 1994. Lynx.

Kosterman, M. 2014. Correlates of Canada Lynx Reproductive Success in Northwestern Montana.

Masters Thesis. University of Montana. Missoula, Montana. 69 p.

Lofroth, E., C. Raley, J. Higley, R. Truex, J. Yaeger, J. Lewis, P. Happe, L. Finley, R. Naney, L. Hale, A.

Krause, S. Livingston, A. Myers, and R. Brown. 2010. Conservation of fishers (Martes pennanti)

in South-Central British Columbia, Western Washington, Western Oregon, and California–

Volume I. Conservation Assessment. USDI Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado,

USA.


Appendices 586

Magoun, A., and J. Copeland. 1998. Characteristics of wolverine reproductive den sites. The Journal of

Wildlife Management 62(4): 1313-1320.

Mazurek, M. 2004. A maternity roost of Townsend’s big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) in coast

redwood basal hollows in northwestern California. Northwestern Naturalist 85(2): 60-62.

MBEWG. 2010. Montana bald eagle management guidelines: An addendum to Montana bald eagle

management plan, 1994. Unpublished report. Montana Bald Eagle Working Group, Montana

Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 13 p.

MBEWG. 1994. Montana bald eagle management plan. Montana Bald Eagle Working Group, USDI

Bureau of Land Management, Billings, Montana. 51 p. plus appendices.

MBEWG. 1991. Habitat management guide for bald eagles in northwestern Montana. Montana Bald

Eagle Working Group, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana. 29 p.

MFWP. 2004. Amended record of decision, Montana gray wolf conservation and management plan.

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 3 p.

MFWP. 2003. Final environmental impact statement, Montana gray wolf conservation and management

plan. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 420 p.

Murie, O, J. 1979. Elk of North America. Teton Bookshop Publishing Company. Jackson, Wyoming.

Multi-state Wolverine Working Group. 2015. Coordinated Multi-state Wolverine Baseline Sampling in

Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and Washington: Standard Operating Procedures for Camera DNA

Stations. Helena, MT. 23 p.

NABCI. 2009. The state of birds, United States of America, 2009. North American Bird Conservation

Initiative, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington D.C. 36 p.

Olson, L., J. Sauder, N. Albrecht, R. Vinkey, S. Cushman, and M. Schwartz. 2014. Modeling the effects of

dispersal and patch size on predicted fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) distribution in the U.S.

Rocky Mountains. Biological Conservation 169: 89-98.

Pierson, E., M. Wachenhut, J. Altenbach, P. Bradley, P. Call, D. Genter, C. Harris, B. Keller, B. Lengus, L.

Lewis, B. Luce, K. Navo, J. Perkins, S. Smith, and L. Welch. 1999. Species conservation

assessment and strategy for Townsend’s big-eared bat. Idaho Conservation Effort, Boise, Idaho.

35 p.

Powell, R. A. 1993. The fisher: life history, ecology, and behavior. University of Minnesota Press.

Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.

Raley, C., E. Lofroth, R. Truex, J. Yaeger, and J. Higley. 2012. Habitat ecology of fishers in western North

America: a new synthesis. In: Biology and conservation of martens, sables, and fishers: a new

synthesis. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press), 231-254.

Reichel, J., and S. Beckstrom. 1993. Northern bog lemming survey: 1992. Unpublished Report. Montana

Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 50 p.

Reichel, J., and S. Beckstrom. 1994. Northern bog lemming survey: 1993. Unpublished Report. Montana

Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 110 p.

Reichel, J., and J. Corn. 1997. Northern bog lemmings: survey, population parameters, and population

analysis. Unpublished Report. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 31 p.


Appendices 587

Ruediger, B. 1994. Wolverine, lynx, and fisher habitat and distribution maps, draft hierarchical approach

and draft conservation strategies. Unpublished letter. USDA Forest Service Northern Region,


Ruediger, B., J. Claar, S. Gniadek, B. Holt, L. Lewis, S. Mighton, B. Naney, G. Patton, T. Rinaldi, J.

Trick, A. Vandehay, F. Wahl, N. Warren, D. Wenger, and A. Williamson. 2000. Canada lynx

conservation assessment and strategy. Forest Service Publication #R1-00-53, Missoula, Montana.

142 p.

Ruggiero, L., K. Aubry, S.Buskirk, G. Koehler, C. Krebs, K. McKelvey, and J. Squires. 1999. Ecology

and conservation of lynx in the United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-30WWW.

Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 474 p.

Samson, F. 2006. A conservation assessment of the northern goshawk, black-backed woodpecker,

flammulated owl, and pileated woodpecker in the Northern Region. Unpublished report. USDA

Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, Montana. 135 p.

Sauder, J., and J. Rachlow. 2015. Forest heterogeneity influences habitat selection by fishers (Pekania

pennanti) within home ranges. Forest Ecology and Management 347: 49-56.

Sauder, J., and J. Rachlow. 2014. Both forest composition and configuration influence landscape-scale

habitat selection by fishers (Pekania pennanti) in mixed coniferous forests of the Northern Rocky

Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management 314: 75-84.

Schwartz, M., J. Copeland, N. Anderson, J. Squires, R. Inman, K. McKelvey, K. Pilgrim, L. Waits, and S.

Cushman. 2009. Wolverine gene flow across a narrow climatic niche. Ecology 90(11): 3222-

3232.

Schwartz, M., N. DeCesare, B. Jimenez, J. Copeland, and W. Melquist. 2013. Stand and landscape-scale

selection of large trees by fishers in the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho. Forest Ecology

and Management 305: 103-111.

Michael K. Schwartz. 2007. Ancient DNA Confirms Native Rocky Mountain Fisher (Martes pennanti)

Avoided Early 20th Century Extinction. Journal of Mammology 88 (4): 921-925.

Squires, J. R., Copeland, J. P., Ulizio, T. J., Schwartz, M. K., & Ruggiero, L. F. 2007. Sources and

patterns of wolverine mortality in western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(7),

2213-2220.

Siegel, R., and D. DeSante. 2003. Bird communities in thinned versus unthinned Sierran mixed conifer

stands. The Wilson Bulletin 115(2): 155-165.

Servheen, C., and R. Shoemaker. 2010. Bitterroot mountains bear DNA and camera survey: 2008-2009.

Unpublished Report. USFWS. Missoula, Montana. 26 p.

Squires, J. (Research Biologist). February 10, 2017. Personal communication with Trout Creek Ranger

District Wildlife Biologist regarding Kootenai National Forest lynx surveys. USDA Forest

Service, Kootenai National Forest, Trout Creek, Montana.

Smucker, K., and A. Climburg. 2008. Flammulated owl surveys – summary of 2008 results. Unpublished

Report. Avian Science Center, Missoula, Montana. 12 p.

Squires, J., N. Decesare, J. Kolbe, and L. Ruggiero. 2010. “Seasonal resource selection of Canada lynx in

managed forests of the Northern Rockies.” Journal of Wildlife Management 74(8): 1648-1660.

Squires, J., N. Decesare, J. Kolbe, and L. Ruggiero. 2008. “Hierarchical den selection of Canada lynx in

western Montana.” Journal of Wildlife Management 72(7): 1497-1506.


Appendices 588

Squires, J., N. Decesare, L. Olson, J. Kolbe, M. Hebblewhite. 2013. “Combining resource selection and

movement behavior to predict corridors for Canada lynx at their southern range periphery.”

Biological Conservation 157: 187-195.

Toweill, D., and J. Thomas. 2002. North American Elk: Ecology and Management. Smithsonian

Institution Press, Washington D.C. 962 p.

USFS. 2017. Endangered Species Act Section 7 (d) Determination Reinitation of Consultation on the

Northern Rockies Lynx Management Direction for Canada Lynx Critical Habitat. USDA Forest

Service, Northern Region. Missoula, Montana.

USFS. 2015. Land Management Plan, 2015 revision. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region. Missoula,

Montana. 179 p.

USFS. 2014. Programmatic Biological Assessment for the North American Wolverine. USDA Forest

Service, Northern Region. Missoula, Montana. 13 p.

USFS. 2013. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Revised Land Management Plan. Kootenai

National Forest, Libby, MT. 654 p.

USFS. 2012. Fisher monitoring report for the Northern U.S. Rocky Mountains/Northern Region. USFS.

Unpublished Report. Missoula, Montana. 3 p.

USFS. 2011a. Final supplemental environmental impact statement, Forest Plan amendments for

motorized access management within the Selkirk and Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery

Zones. Kootenai, Lolo, and Idaho Panhandle National Forests (Lincoln, Sanders, Bonner,

Boundary, and Pend Oreille Counties), Montana, Idaho, and Washington. USDA Forest Service.

447 p.

USFS. 2011b. Record of decision, Forest Plan amendments for motorized access management within the

Selkirk and Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery Zones. Kootenai, Lolo, and Idaho Panhandle

National Forests (Lincoln, Sanders, Bonner, Boundary, and Pend Oreille Counties), Montana,

Idaho, and Washington. USDA Forest Service. 68 p.

USFS. 2007a. Final environmental impact statement, northern Rockies lynx management direction.

USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, Montana. 534 p.

USFS. 2007b. Record of decision, Northern Rockies Lynx Management Direction. USDA Forest Service,

Northern Region, Missoula, Montana. 52 p. plus attachment.

USFS. 2003. Technical report: Analysis of the management situation for revision of the Kootenai and

Idaho Panhandle Forest Plans, March 2003. USDA Forest Service, Kootenai and Idaho Panhandle

National Forests, Montana. 149 p.

USFS and USFWS. 2008. Memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to promote the conservation of migratory

birds. USDA Forest Service and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. Forest Service Agreement #08-

MU-1113-2400-264. 13 p.

USFWS. 2014a. Withdrawal of the proposed rule to list the distinct population segment of the North

American wolverine occurring in the contiguous United States as a threatened species under the

Endangered Species Act. In: Federal Register (Vol. 79, No. 156), August 13, 2014. Pp. 47522-

47545.

USFWS. 2014b. Final rule for the revised designation of critical habitat for the contiguous United States

distinct population segment of the Canada lynx and revised distinct population segment boundary.

In: Federal Register (Vol. 79, No. 177), September 12, 2014, Pp. 54782-54846.


Appendices 589

USFWS. 2013. Proposed rule for the revised designation of critical habitat for the contiguous U.S.

distinct population segment of the Canada lynx and revised distinct population segment boundary.

In: Federal Register (Vol. 78, No. 187), September 26, 2013, Pp. 59430-59474.

USFWS. 2013. Proposed rule to list the distinct population segment of the North American wolverine

occurring in the contiguous United States, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species

Act. In: Federal Register (Vol. 78, No. 23), February 4, 2013. Pp. 7864-7890.

USFWS. 2011. 12-Month finding on a petition to list a distinct population segment of the fisher in its

United States Northern Rocky Mountain Range as endangered or threatened with critical habitat.

In: Federal Register (Vol.76, No. 126), June 30, 2011. Pp. 38504-38532

USFWS. 2009. Final rule to designate critical habitat for the contiguous United States distinct population

segment of the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). In: Federal Register (Vol. 74, No. 36), February

25, 2009. Pp. 8616-8702.

USFWS. 2008a. Proposal to revise designated critical habitat for the contiguous United States distinct

population segment of the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). In: Federal Register (Vol. 73, No. 40),

February 28, 2008. Pp. 10860-10896.

USFWS. 2007a. National bald eagle management guidelines. Unpublished report. USDI Fish and Wildlife

Service. 24 p.

USFWS. 2007b. Final rule to remove (delist) the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the lower 48

states of the United States from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife. In: Federal

Register (Vol. 72, No. 130), July 9, 2007. pp. 37346-37372.

USFWS. 2006. “Final rule – Designation of critical habitat for the contiguous United States distinct

population segment of the Canada lynx.” In: Federal Register (Vol. 71, No. 217), November 9,

2006. Pp. 66008-66016.

USFWS. 2000. Final rule for the determination of threatened status for the contiguous U.S. distinct

population segment of the Canada lynx and related rule. In: Federal Register (Vol. 65 No. 58.),

March 24, 2000. Pp. 16051-16086.

USFWS. 1999. Final rule to remove the American peregrine falcon from the Federal list of endangered

and threatened wildlife. In: Federal Register (Vol. 65, No. 164), August 24, 1999, p. 46542-

46558.

USFWS. 1993. Grizzly bear recovery plan. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Missoula, MT. 181 p.

USFWS. 1984. American peregrine falcon recovery plan (Rocky Mountain/Southwest population).

Prepared in cooperation with the American Peregrine Falcon Recovery Team. USFWS, Denver,

Colorado. 115 p.

Vinkey, R. 2003. An evaluation of fisher (Martes pennanti) Introductions in Montana. Masters Thesis,

University of MT, Missoula, Montana. 97 p.

Vinkey, R. S., Schwartz, M. K., McKelvey, K. S., Foresman, K. R., Pilgrim, K. L., Giddings, B. J., &

LoFroth, E. C. 2006. When reintroductions are augmentations: the genetic legacy of fishers

(Martes pennanti) in Montana. Journal of Mammalogy, 87(2), 265-271.

appendix f – literature citeda123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic... · appendix f...

Documents