application of ai in robotics and its opportunities

8/3/2019 Application of AI in Robotics and Its Opportunities

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Application of AI in Robotics andits opportunities in India:

Researches in BARC


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PRESENTERS

Anup Sharma

Third Year B.Sc. Student,

Department of ComputerScience.

Vivekananda EducationSocietys College of Arts,Science and Commerce.

Chembur, Mumbai -400071. India.

Email:[email protected]

Mrunali Parab

Third Year B.Sc. Student,

Department of ComputerScience.

Vivekananda EducationSocietys College of Arts,Science andCommerce.Chembur,Mumbai - 400071. India.

Email:[email protected]


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INTRODUCTION

Artificial intelligence is a theory. The base object is theagent who is the "actor".

It is realized in software.

Robots are manufactured as hardware.The connection between those two is that the control ofthe robot is a software agent that reads data from thesensors decides what to do next and then directs the

effectors to act in the physical world.In addition,it is possible to characterize them asdisruptive, enabling and interdisciplinary.


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DEFINITION

Robotics

The science of extending human motor capabilitieswith machines.

AIThe study and design of intelligent agents wherean intelligent agent is a system that perceives itsenvironment and takes actions that maximize its

chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined theterm in 1956,defines it as "the science and engineeringof making intelligent machines.


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RESEARCH AREAS

The emergence of ANNs reflects an underlyingparadigm change within the AI research community

and, as a result, such systems have undeniably receivedmuch attention of late.

However, regardless of their success in creatinginterest, the fact remains that ANNs have not nearly

been able to replace symbolic AI. AI researchers have a variety of learning methods at

their disposal. However, as alluded to above, ANNsrepresent one of the most promising of these.

There are many advantages of ANNs and advances inthis field will increase their popularity.

They are trained rather than programmed.


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RESEARCH AREAS (Cont)

They learn to evolve to their environment, beyond thecare and attention of their creator .

They have an ability to classify and recognize patternsand to handle abnormal input data, a characteristic veryimportant for systems that handle a wide range of data.

Hence, they are best used when the results of a modelare more important than understanding how the modelworks.

These systems are often used in stock market analysis,fingerprint identification, character recognition, speechrecognition, and scientific analysis of data.


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ALGORITHMS AND GENETIC

PROGRAMMING An algorithm is defined as a detailed sequence of

actions to perform to accomplish some task. One branch of algorithm theory, genetic

programming, is currently receiving muchattention.

This is a technique for getting software to solve atask by mating random programs and selectingthe fittest in millions of generations.

Genetic algorithms use natural selection, mutatingand crossbreeding within a pool of sub-optimalscenarios. Better solutions live and worse ones dieallowing the program to discover the best optionwithout trying every possible combination along

the way.


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APPLICATIONS

A. Intelligent simulation systems

An Intelligent Simulation System (ISS) may be

generated to learn more about the behavior of

an original system, when the original system is

not available for manipulation.

The original system may not be available

because of cost or safety reasons, or it may not

be built yet and the purpose of learning aboutit is to design it better.


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APPLICATIONS (Cont)

An ISS might be employed for training purposesin anticipation of dangerous situations, when thecost of real-world training is prohibitive.

B.Intelligent information resources Intelligent systems must be able to provide

including visual and audio data, in addition tocommonplace structured databases. One

development in this area that is receiving muchattention is data mining, the extraction ofgeneral regularities from online data.


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APPLICATIONS (Cont)

C. Sensors

Sensors are the perceptual interface betweenrobots.

There are two types of sensors:

Passive sensors capture signals that aregenerated by other sources in the environment

.eg cameras Active sensors emit energy into the

environment. eg. sonar, radar, laser.


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APPLICATIONS (Cont)

D. Effectors

Effectorsare the means by which robots manipulate the

environment, move and change the shape of their

bodies. To understand the ability of a robot to interactwith the physical world we will use the abstract concept

of a degree of freedom (DOF).


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APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS

FIELDS

Computer Science Toys and games

Music

Aviation

Finance

Heavy industry

News and publishing

DEFENCE


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DEFENCEIndian Armys futuristic technology requirements

are covered in following points:

Imagery Interpretation. Image interpretation for targetidentification and classification. Artificial Intelligencetechniques could automate the extraction of low-levelmap features from imagery.

Expert Systems. Expert systems for diagnosis andmaintenance of sophisticated weapon systems such asradars and missiles.

Intelligent Evaluation of Kill Zone. Missiletargetrange and trajectory analysis for evaluation of killzones and launch time and simulation to assist inqualifying missile performance in various

environments.

ROBOTICS


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ROBOTICSRobotic applications for the Indian Army are as under:- Robots can be used to assist troops in combat for tasks such as

surveillance, reconnaissance, anti mine and anti IED role, urbanarea combat, casualty extraction etc.

Robotic equipment can be used to provide precision targetingsupport, carriage of ammunition and accuracy. Camera equippedand shock-resistant platforms to fire the guns remotely are possibleapplications.

Robotic vehicles equipped with cameras and weapons can be usedto perform tasks such as limited / spot surveillance andreconnaissance etc.

Robotic Military Vehicles. These vehicles are required for avariety of high risk jobs such as mine / IED clearance, obstaclebreaching and route opening. Man portable, light weight roboticsystems would be required for reconnaissance, surveillance andtarget acquisition missions for sub-terrain/ urban operations.Robotic vehicles are also needed for mine detection/clearing,obstacles breaching, clearing wire obstacles, placing explosives,

tactical deception, direct fire and communication relay.


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MEDICINE Expenses incurred by the Indian government on

healthcare are the highest amongst developing

countries. Indias expense on healthcare sectorcomprises 5.25% of the GDP.

By handling control of surgical instruments throughrobots and positioning Surgeons at comfortable console

with 3D or high resolution display at up to 20 timesmagnification, surgery of vital organs can beaccomplished with precision and accuracy, minimizingdamage to tissues or loss of blood.

Computer interfacing allows for remote controlsurgery, for precise manipulations by downscaling thesurgeons motions.

Surgeons around the world are using sophisticated

robots to perform surgical procedures.


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AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

ARAI is currently working on AI-based Engine Control

Unit (ECU)something that will provide more safety

on Indian roads. ECUs with specific functions can be set up and can

address security concerns of the drivers and passengers.

COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY IBM has reportedly started a worldwide initiative to

develop artificially intelligent mobile interfaces, which

could collect data based on user behavior and skill

level. Considering the huge scope for mobile market growth

in India, IBM has decided to start the pilot project at the

India Research Lab with a budget of $100 million and a

time span of 5 years.

BEGINNING OF RESEARCH WORK


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BEGINNING OF RESEARCH WORKIN AI AND ROBOTICS IN INDIA

Work in Artificial Intelligence began in India in the

early 1980's. The Management Information Systems(MIS) Group at the Indian Institute of Management,Calcutta has been actively involved in ArtificialIntelligence (AI) research since the early 1980s. The AI

work in India got a significant boost with the UNDPfunded Knowledge Based Computing Systems (KBCS)project.

Under the umbrella of the Computer Society of India

(CSI), India's national body of IT professionals, aSpecial Interest Group in AI (SIGAI) has been formedrecently, to consolidate the AI activities going on in thecountry. It will provide a forum for the interactionamongst the researchers.


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BEGINNING OF RESEARCH WORK IN

AI AND ROBOTICS IN INDIA (Cont)

The Centre for Artificial Intelligence andRobotics (CAIR) is a laboratory of the DefenceResearch & Development Organization (DRDO).

Located in Bangalore, Karnataka, involved inthe Research & Development of high quality SecureCommunication, Command and Control, andIntelligent Systems.

CAIR is the primary laboratory for R&D indifferent areas of Defence Information andCommunication Technology (ICT).


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RESEARCH WORK BY BHABHA ATOMIC

RESEARCH CENTRE,MUMBAIThree projects that were in progress in 2006:

1. Laser based Mobile Robot Navigation & Mapping

2. Mobile robot navigation in outdoor environment with 3Dlaser range finder and panoramic camera.

3. Force sensing and control in robot manipulation

Some significant past projects executed:

1. Development of a motion planner for an in-house 4-axesrobot (1991-93)

2. Robot learning of obstacle avoidance and goal followingbehavior using recurrent neural net (1994-96)

3. Development of a mobile robot and its navigation softwarefor simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) (2002-

2005).


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RESEARCH WORK BY BHABHA ATOMIC

RESEARCH CENTRE,MUMBAI (Cont)

Most recent 3-5 publications:

1. "Sonar-based mobile robot navigation throughsupervised learning on a neural net", AutonomousRobots 3, pp. 355-374, 1996.

2. "Gait Optimization through Search", The InternationalJournal of Robotics Research, Vol.19, No.4, April 2000,pp. 394-408.

3. "Sensor based mobile robot navigation throughcurvature activation and context switching", NationalConference on Advanced Manufacturing & Robotics,Durgapur, Jan 15-16, 2004.


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CONCLUSION The upshot of all this has been the fields struggle to

attract funding in the past and it is likely that this trendwill continue for some time into the foreseeable future.

The real innovation stems from the process of bringing

individuals from traditionally separate disciplines

together. Robotic technology will definitely grow and encompass

a huge range of surgical procedures, particularly in

urology.

There is tremendous scope for industry to participate in

the development and production of systems and

technologies for the Indian Army.

REFERENCES


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REFERENCES[1]http://www.ipedr.net/vol6/22-A10017.pdf

[2]http://www.ciidefence.com/pdf/Future_Technology_Requirements_o

f_the%20Indian_Army.pdf

[3]http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/25jun2010/1553.pdf

[4]http://sigai.cdacmumbai.in/files/AI_India_compilation.pdf

[5]http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/CAIR/English/index.jsp?pg=achieve.jsp

[6]http://www.thinkdigit.com/Mobiles-PDAs/IBM-to-build-AI-mobile-

interfaces-at_5191.htmlPosted on: Aug 09, 2010 18:45:43 IST

[7]http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/articles/6846-ai-

artificial-intelligence-india.html

[8]http://www.indianexpress.com/news/now-artificial-intelligence-made-in-india/412129/

Posted: Sun Jan 18 2009, 02:02 hrs

[9]http://post.jagran.com/barc-develops-roboticsbased-automated-

vehicle-for-industry-1316008078


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Any Questions?


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Thank you.

application of ai in robotics and its opportunities

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