aquatic biomes. factors that affect aquatic biomes in an aquatic ecosystem the most important...
TRANSCRIPT
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Aquatic Biomes
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
In an aquatic ecosystem the most important non-living factors are water temperature, amount of sunlight present, and amount of dissolved oxygen in the water
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
- All living things in the water “breathe”, they just do it
in a different way than land creatures
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
- Fish, worms, octopi, clams, corals, frogs, and many,
many others all breathe oxygen
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
The oxygen needed by these biotic factors is dissolved
- This means that oxygen gas is mixed into the water the same way carbon dioxide is mixed into soda pop
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
There are areas within the water that don’t receive sunlight
- This greatly impacts the food chains that can form there
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Factors that Affect Aquatic Biomes
Water temperature affects the amount of dissolved oxygen a body of water can hold and can be determined by the amount of sunlight present
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Freshwater Ecosystems
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Freshwater Ecosystems The freshwater ecosystems
include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands
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Rivers and Streams
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MacArthur-Burney Falls State Park, CA
Trout Green River, UT
Brooks River, AK
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Rivers and Streams- Rivers and streams are flowing water
- As the water moves, air mixes in, changing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water
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Rivers and Streams- Fast-moving streams
usually have a higher dissolved oxygen level than slow moving streams
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Rivers and Streams- Most of the nutrients found
in rivers and streams have been washed there from land
- Where the water slows nutrients are left
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Rivers and Streams- This area is home to
more plant growth and slower moving animals like minnows and leeches
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Lakes and Ponds
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Lakes and Ponds- Lakes and ponds are formed
when low places fill with rainwater, snowmelt, or water from streams
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Manzanita Lake, CA
A pond in Idaho
Great Blue Heron
Paranagat Lake, NV
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Lakes and Ponds- This water is standing
water because it hardly ever moves
- Plant growth usually takes place around the edges
where it is shallow and warm
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Lakes and Ponds- Few, if any plants grow
on the bottom of lakes because sunlight
cannot reach there
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Lakes and Ponds- Some plants will grow on
the bottom of ponds because they are shallower and light can
reach the bottom
- Ponds tend to be high in nutrients because they
are high in plant life
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Lakes and Ponds- Floating on the upper levels
of ponds and lakes is a mixture of microscopic plants, algae, and animal- like organisms called plankton
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Lakes and Ponds- This is a major food
source in aquatic environments
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FYI: Pond Scum is NOT a plant. It is a plant-like protist called algae; this is related to the plant-like protists in plankton.
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Wetlands
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Wetlands Regions that are wet for all or
most of the year are wetlands
- They are also called swamps, bogs, and fens
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Wetlands Only plants adapted to
water-logged soil can grow there
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Wetlands Wetlands animals include beavers,
muskrats, alligators, and bog turtles
- Many migratory bird populations use the
wetlands as breeding grounds
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Human Impact Rivers and streams were once used
for many activities
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Human Impact- However, many factories and people thought that they were places to dump sewage and pollutants
- Now, treating sewage and restricting pollution have led to improvements in water quality
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Ponds and Lakes These areas are often victim to
run-off from land- Fertilizers, sewage, and
other pollutants run off into the water
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Ponds and Lakes This reduces the dissolved oxygen
and makes the water unfit to live in
Fines and regulations are helping prevent some pollution of ponds and lakes
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Wetlands These areas were once considered
useless and full of disease They were drained to make way for
human engineering
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Wetlands Now, the wetlands are being saved
and protected Some products that come from the
wetlands include cranberries, fish, shellfish, and plants
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Saltwater Ecosystems
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Saltwater Ecosystems 95% of the water on earth is salty
- The concentration of salt in the water is called salinity
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Saltwater Ecosystems Saltwater ecosystems are found in
oceans, seas, coastal inlets, estuaries, and a few inland places
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Open Oceans
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Open Oceans Scientists divide the ocean into
regions based on where light can penetrate to
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Mussels, worms, and spider crabs in Gulf of Mexico
Brain coral and sea fan
Amberjack fish
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Open Oceans The photic zone is only about
200 m deep
- There plankton is the major food source because
most plankton are able to produce their own food
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Open Oceans The aphotic zone is below 200
m deep
- There organisms feed on dead material sinking from the photic zone
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Open Oceans- They also eat each other
because few can make their own food
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Coral Reefs
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Coral Reefs One of the most diverse
ecosystems in the world is the coral reef
In the Red Sea Fanning Island Reef Florida Keys
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Coral Reefs Coral reefs are formed by
microscopic animals secreting shells of calcium carbonate
- These shells build up over hundreds of years and
form the reef
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Coral Reefs Reefs do not adapt to long-term
stress well
- Run-off from fields, sewage, and increased amounts of sediment have polluted the reef, killing some areas
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Sediments from land can cause large amounts of damage to reefs.
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Blast fishing off the coast of Indonesia not only killed the fish but also the reef.
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Coral Reefs- There are regulations in
place to protect the reefs and the areas that surround them
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Coral Reef transplant after Indonesian tsunami of 2004.
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Seashores
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Seashores All of earth’s landmasses are
boarded by ocean water
- These shallow salt-water environments are influenced by the tides and waves
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Seashores- The gravitational pull of the
moon on the earth causes tides to move water in and out over the shoreline
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Seashores The intertidal zone is an area
that is covered with water at high tide and exposed to the air during low tide
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Bay of Fundy
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Seashores- Organisms that live here
must be adapted to large changes in salinity, moisture, temperature and waves
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Estuaries
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Estuaries There a river meets the ocean, causing
freshwater and saltwater to mix, an estuary forms
- They are also called bays, lagoons, harbors, inlets, and sounds
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A mangrove forest in Florida
Tidal stream near Charleston, SC
Salt marsh near Georgetown, SC
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This estuary is off the coast of Florida.
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Estuaries- Here salinity and
temperature change often
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Estuaries- These regions are
extremely fertile because of nutrients being brought in by the freshwater
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Estuaries- They are rich in
nutrients and are a place where many organisms raise their young
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Estuaries Estuaries are home to algae,
salt-tolerant grasses, shrimp, crabs, clams, oysters, snails, worms, and fish
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Estuaries- They are home to much
of the seafood consumed by humans
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