arte prehistórico
TRANSCRIPT
ARTE PREHISTÓRICOARTE PREHISTÓRICO
ÍNDICE• 1. ARTE PARIETAL• 1.1. Área franco-cantábrica• 1.2. Área levantina• 2. ARTE MOBILIAR• 3. ARTE MEGALÍTICO
3.1 La costa atlántica3.2 El Mediterráneo
1. CAVE ART
• Done on cave walls.• Around 35.000 years ago.• Two main regions:
– Franco-Cantabrian region: Altamira (Cantabria, Spain) and Lascaux (France).
– Levantine area (Iberian peninsula): Valltorta (Castellón) and Cogull (Lérida).
PIGMENTS
The prehistoric artists used materials they had around. Red, brown and yellow pigments were extracted from clay and rust, mixing it with water or egg. Black pigment was extracted from charcoal and white from gypsum.
1.1 FRANCO-CANTABRIAN REGION.• Characteristics:
– Naturalism.
– Polychrome.
– Use of irregularities of the rock to show volume and depth.
– Interior of the caves.
– They represent animals alone, not scenes.
– No human figures.
Altamira Cave
Bison Altamira
Horse Altamira
Deer of Altamira
Altamira Cave. Bisons’ Room
Altamira Cave. Bison
Deer. Altamira
Lascaux Cave. Horse
Lascaux Cave. Bull
Altamira. Bisons
Irregularities that feel it is a 3D painting.
LASCAUX (FRANCE): Bisons
Interior of Lascaux ( 15,000-13,000 B.C.)
3.2 LEVANTINE AREA:• Characteristics:
– Epipaleolithic-Neolithic(9.000-4.000 B.C.).
– In shallow caves.
– Human figures and animals in huntings scenes.
– Movement.
– Smaller figures.
– Schematic, very simpliflied lines.
– Monochrome.
Guerreros de la cueva de Roure (Castellón)
Abrigo dels Cavalls. Cacería de ciervos
Valltorta. Shallow cave
Dancers of Cueva dels Moros (Cogull)
Valltorta. Hunters
VALLTORTA: Hunters.
Gathering honey(Cueva de la Araña).
2. PORTABLE ART
• Its an art can be carried from one place to another.
• Engavings: drawings done on a hard surface by make incisions with a harder tool.
• Figurines of human figures (Venus) or animals.
• Other objects: adornments, batons of command, amulets and talismans,
VENUS OF WILLENDORF – Austria (30.000 B.C.)
Venus of Lespugue – France – 26.000 B.C. (ivory)
Venus of Laussel – France - Paleolithic
Bison of Madeleine (Dordogna, France)
Horse of Les Espelugues (Lourdes,
France)
3. MEGALITHIC ART
Definition: construction of monuments and collective tombs using huge stones. (megas: big; litos: stone)
Location: Europe. In Iberian Peninsula there are some examples
in Andalucia, Extremadura, Portugal, Galicia.
Chronology: beginning of Metale Age (copper).
Historical context: first societies in Atlantic area.
3.1. ATLANTIC COAST
1 – Menhir
2 – Alignment
3 – Cromlech
4 – Dolmen
5 – Passage tomb
Menhir: It is the simplest. It is an upright and vertical stone in the ground. Some standing stones are up to 20 meters. They probably are connected with tombs or monuments to the dead.
Menhir of Carnac
(France)
They are dedicated to the dead or
maybe they connect telluric
forces with the sky
Alignment: a series of menhires forming lines.
Alignments of Carnac
(France)
Eleven rows:-one hundred menhires each. -one kilometre long.
Alignments of Carnac
Cromlech: menhires forming circles. Sometime they can have some horizontal stones at the top.
Cromlech of Swinside (UK)
Cromlech of Castlerigg (UK)
Cromlech of Stonehenge (UK)
CROMLECH of AVEBURY
Dolmen: It’s formed by two or more vertical stones and another which is horizontal. The whole structure forms a chamber. Dolmens were tombs.
Dolmen of Arrízala (Álava)
Dolmen of Dombate ( A Coruña)
Dolmen of Pedra Gentil(Barcelona) and Hechicera in Laguardia (La Rioja).
Antequera ( Málaga)
Passage tombs: consist of gallery. The bottom formed by a false dome built with rows of stones.
False domeTomb of El Romeral (Antequera)
How did they do it?
1 – Talaiotic culture (Balearic Islands).
2 – Cyclopean stonework (Mycenae – Greece)
3.1. THE MEDITERRANEAN
Talaiotic culture (Balearic Islands)
Talaiot
Taula
Naveta
Cyclopean stonework (Mycenae – Greece)
Passage tomb (Mycenae – Greece)
Treasury of Atreus