article review military

8/12/2019 Article Review MILITARY

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Article Review

Military CultureTo

Dr Fauziah Hanim Bte Abd Jalal

By

Nageswary ShanmughamM20122001768

Sanjay Vengatravana

M20122001723


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This article focuses on some of thespecific challenges and nuances

found within the military society in

hopes that it will assist Marriage andFamily Therapists (MFTs) in providing

exceptional care to the members of

the culture.


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DEMOGRAPHICS

The present military society iscomprised:

I. more dual-military couples,

II. more married service members,III. more dependents of service members,

and

IV. a greater number of military spousesworking outside the home.

V. number of women serving in the

military. Currently, over 14% of militaryersonnel are women Rotter & Bove a


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SPECIAL POPULATIONS

the changing demographics of militarymembers, greater the diversity of familystructures, each with unique stressesand needs

junior enlisted members - the youngestand lowest-ranking members of themilitary society

Women - undergone significanttransformation since the days of thegender-segregated services like theWomen's Army Corps


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Cont....

have risen to fulfill the highest-rankingpositions within the military

dual-military marriages - both spouses

are members of the military. Greatest challenges is childcare


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STRESS FACTORS IN THE

MILITARY SETTING1. RELOCATIONS

2. DEPLOYMENTS

3. STRUCTURAL AUTHORITY

4. THREAT OF LOSS OF LIFE

5. ACCELERATED CAREER

PATTERN

6. INADEQUATE HOUSING

7. INADEQUATE PAY


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Stress Factors in the Military

Setting

Relocations - normal tour lengths tofour years

families move on an average of almost

once a year relocations cause stress on the soldier

and his or her family


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Deployments

represent stressful situations ofprolonged separation from families

and loved ones for soldiers.

cause stress because the soldier isleaving a fairly stabilized network of

family, friends, and support

Spouses of deployed soldiersexperience loneliness, depression,

anxiety, anger, and physical illnesses.


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Soldiers deployed experience guilt forleaving their families, and also

experience depression, loneliness,

and anxiety that their spouses areexperiencing. (Rohall, 1999)

spouse who is not deployed must take

full responsibility for the dailyoperation of the family. One spouse

plays the role of mother and father.


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Structural Authority

The military contains a fairly rigid

structure of authority

service member can only leave theservice at the end of service contracts.

affects the life of the soldier every day-

he or she is always held accountableto someone.


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Threat of Loss of Life

potential violence and loss of life

involved in "Peacekeeping

Operations." Peacekeeping operationsare situations like the ones seen in

Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Cuba.

contain the potential for violence asevidenced by the loss of American

lives in Somalia


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Accelerated Career Pattern

Soldiers serving in the military often

reach positions of significant

responsibilities and prestige ahead oftheir peers in the civilian sector.

The career pattern in the military is

based on a twenty-year retirementversus a forty-year retirement in the

civilian sector.


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Inadequate Housing

relocations means they are changing

housing at the same frequency

causes problem for the servicemember and his or her family

government does not fully reimburse a

family who resides off-post in non-government housing or quarters


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many high cost of living areas cannotafford to live off-post

they apply to live on-post in

government housing The housing varies greatly from

location to location

units are being labeled "substandard"by the Department of Defense (Twiss

and Martin, 1999).


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Inadequate pay

military pay increases have not even

kept pace with the cost of inflation.

inadequate pay scale for manymembers

Left military families in difficult

situations


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REFRENCESBlack, W.G. (1993). Military-induced family separation: A stress reduction intervention. Social Work38, 273-280.

Castro, C.A. & Adler, A.B. (1999). OPTEMPO: Effects on soldier and family readiness, Parameters 29, 86-95.

Department of Defense, Office of Personnel Support, Families and Education, Profile of the military

community: 1999 Demographics. Arlington, VA: Military Family Resource Center.

Figley, C.R. (1993). Coping with stressors on the home front. Journal of Social Issues,49, 51-71.

Gimbel, C. & Booth, A. (1994). Why does military combat experience adversely affect marital relations?

Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 691-703.

Knox, J. & Price, D. (1999). Total force and the new American military family: Implications for social work.

Families in Society, 80, 128-136.

Lehman, D.R. (1999). Continuing the Tradition of Research on War, 2.

Rohall, D.E., Segal, M.W., and Segal, D.R. (1999). Examining the importance of organizational supports

on family adjustment to the army life in a

period of increasing separation. Journal of Political and Military Sociology,27(1), 50.

Rotter, J.C. & Boveja, M.E. (1999).Counseling military families. Family Journal, 7(4), 379-385.

Twiss, P.C. & Martin, J.A. (1999). Conventional and military public housing for families. The Social Science

Review73, 240-260.

Van Breda, A.D. (1999). Developing resilience to routine separations: An occupational social work I

ntervention. Families in Society80, 597.

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