avian influenza role of bio security
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AVIAN INFLUENZA:Role of Biosecurity
Dr.Kedar Karki
M.V.St.Preventive Veterinary
Medicine
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Avian Influenza
A Viral disease of Domestic and Wild
Birds characterized by the full range of
responses from almost no signs of thedisease to very high mortality. The
incubation period is also highly variable,
and ranges from a few days to a week(3 to 7 days).
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Etiology of Avian Influenza
Influenzavirus A genus of theOrthomyxoviridae family.
They are enveloped, negative strandedRNA viruses.
Influenza A viruses can be divided into15 Haemagglutinin (H) antigens. 9Neuraminidase (N) antigens.
Extreme antigenic variability broughtabout by genetic reassortment in hostcells.
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Influenza Viruses
2 Pathotypes:
HPAI LPAI
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Ecology of Avian
Influenza Viruses
The greatest variety of Avian Influenzaviruses has been isolated from wild birds,particularly from waterfowls.
Serve as reservoirs and gene poolsThese birds perpetuate only viruses of low
pathogenecity
Natural host of AI viruses to which theviruses are well adapted.Waterfowls are resistant to the disease
induced by HPAI viruses.
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Ecology of Avian Influenza
VirusesDomestic Poultry does not appear to be
the natural host of these viruses, thereforethe degree of adaptation to the host is low
and this could possibly explain why
documented virus mutation has virtually
always occurred in domestic poultry
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Worldwide Occurrences
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Recent News
Indonesia: Poultry Disease OutbreakDevastating Regional Sector. An article in the Jakarta Post on Dec. 18:
Many poultry farmers forced out of business in theface of the current outbreak of ND. A spokespersonfor 1 of the Sleman and Kulonprogo Regency districtsector said: Out of 25 members of the neighborhood
unit, only 3 still have chickens. The others birds areall dead. He added that only 25 % of farmers in hisarea are still operating. The virus had also spread toother areas of the regency. Some estimates suggest
that a number of district have lost up to 80 % of theirpoultry
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South Korea Latest Developments
The Government is doing its best to support the
industry but public are not buying poultry or eggsdespite assurances that this form of AI does notpose a health hazard.
First confirmed case of bird flu Dec. 15, 2003:49 suspected farms14 cases confirmed positive for AI
7 cases are from ducks1 from broiler breeder
2 from broilers4 from layers
17 cases were negativeThe other 18 farms are being tested
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Taiwan Latest Developments
Taipei (Reuters, Jan 5,2004) Taiwan
reported its first case of a highlycontagious bird flu Wednesday (Dec.
31,2003), but said six ducks smuggled
from mainland China that had tested
positive (H5N1) had been destroyed.
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Avian Influenza
Differential Diagnosis
Infectious Bronchitis
TRT/APV Newcastle Disease
Respiratory viruses Mixed
infections
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Avian InfluenzaDiagnosis
1. Clinical Signs
2. Virus Isolation andCharacterisation
3. Serology
4. PCR
5. Histopathology and
Immunochemistry
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3 Categories of TransmissionIntercontinentalTransport of live poultry, frozen poultry meat and
untreated hatching eggs over long distances.Trade of poultry by-products unheated and eggproducts and possibly frozen poultry semen.Least importance are free living migrating birds
InternationalTrade of commercial poultry including live birds,
vehicles, crates, containers. Also, internationalexhibitions, shows, bird markets and similarevents. Least important are birds which displays
seasonal migration pattern.LocalFarm personnel, technical crew (debeaker,
vaccinators, catchers, etc.). Also, contaminated
poultry manure and waste stuff as well asairborne particle and dust. Significant are live
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BIOSECURITY
DEFINITION : all procedures used to
prevent the introduction of disease
OBJECTIVES :
- prevent the entry of disease
- control the spread of disease
BIOSECURITY IS EVERYONESRESPONSIBILITY!
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BENEFITS OF BIOSECURITY
HELPS KEEP OUT diseasesREDUCES THE RISK of zoonotic diseasesLIMITS THE SPREAD of diseasesHELPS PROTECT the public healthIMPROVES the overall flock healthCUTS COSTS of disease treatmentREDUCES LOSSES and improves
profitability
BETTER BIOSECURITY PROVIDES : Peace
of mind, a healthier flock and a more
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HOW DISEASES SPREAD
MOVEMENT of people, animals,
equipment, vehicles
CONTACT with neighboring flock
CONTACT with insects, rodents, stray
animals and pets
CONTAMINATED water & feeds
INADEQUATE cleaning and disinfection
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BIOSECURITY INFORMATION
STRICTLY limit and control access to thefarm fencing w/ a controlled entry point
KEEP an all-in, all-out flock management
PROVIDE a security or decontaminationarea
REQUIRE all persons entering the farm tosign a visitors logbook; vehicle platenumbers must also be recorded
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BIOSECURITY INFORMATION
CLEAN & DIRTY areas should be well-defined
THOROUGHLY clean and disinfect all
equipment & vehicles entering AND leavingthe farm
BETTER NOT to borrow equipment or
vehicles from other farms
DONT USE same vehicles for transporting
birds, feeds, equipment or waste products
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BIOSECURITYINFORMATIONCLEAN, PROTECTIVE clothing and
footwear must be worn in the farmHAVE a designated cleaning & disinfecting
area
WHEN DISINFECTING, remove all dirt &solid matter first Dirt & manure cannot bedisinfected!
KEEP the farm surroundings clean & tidyFOOTBATH must be provided in every
poultry house; footbath should be kept clean
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BIOSECURITY INFORMATION
KEEP WILD BIRDS off the poultry houses bird-proofing
KEEP other animals, pets or other livestock
out of the farmPEST & RODENT control programPROPER DISPOSAL of damaged eggs,
dead birds, litter or manureREGULARLY clean & disinfect all
equipment & vehicles before and after use
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BIOSECURITY INFORMATION
AFTER EVERY CYCLE, thoroughlyclean & disinfect all houses &equipment
ONCE CLEANED, a farm should beclosed & left idle; the longer the downtime, the better the results.
IMPLEMENTING A STABLE
BIOSECURITY PROGRAM IS INDEEDAN EFFORT WORTH MAKING!
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INI MUM BIOSE CURI TYSTANDA RDS
No Visitors A sign-in log
Clean clothing and sanitized footwear Properly maintained foot pans with
disinfectant solution Rodent and insect control
No other animals, esp. wild birds Vaccination All in, all out
Sanitize hands
IMPORTANT
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IMPORTANT
REMINDERS
MAKEa flock health plan that includes basicbiosecurity measures
ENSUREthat all records are accurate & up-
to-dateALLpoultry personnel should be trainedLOOK OUTfor signs of disease early
detection is key!REPORTimmediately if disease is suspected
BE VIGILANT!
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Reminders
Effective Bird ProofingWorking Pest Control Program
For Rodents and Fly
No other animals especially waterfowl
Sign in Log Book
Power Sprayer at the farm gate
Separate foot wear/Foot Dip
Sanitation/disinfection
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Prevention
Surveillance / Monitoring
Vaccination
Biosecurity
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Control
BiosecurityQuarantine Intensify disinfecting measures
Monitoring/SurveillanceStamping Out / DepopulationDIVA Vaccination - only for LPAI and
not for HPAI because it might prolongthe shedding of the virus
Proper Disposal