CoalBy

Santosh.M

Introduction

• Combustible material• Natural• Formed from plants and vegetative life• Fossil fuel & Non Renewable

Estimated Resource:•USA “ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION

"estimated Coal reserves to be 948*10^9 short tons.

•1 short tons = 907 kg

StagesPeat Lignite

Bituminous Anthracite

Application

• Electricity,• Steels,• Industrial plants,• Preparation of Nylon,Plastics,Aspirin,Paints,Synthetic rubber&many.

Classification• Based on Carbon it contains Brown coal Very soft coal Soft coal Hard coal

Classification• Based on content of volatiles

Name % of VolatilesLignite 45-65Flame coal 40-45Gas Flame coal 35-40Gas coal 28-35Fat Coal 19-28Forge coal 14-19Non baking coal 10-14anthracite 7-12

Composition • Carbon• Hydrogen• Sulphur• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Other components like Mercury , Selenium & Arsenic.

English Designation Volatiles % C Carbon % H

Hydrogen % O Oxygen % S Sulfur % Heat content kJ/kg

Lignite (brown coal) 45–65 60–75 6.0–5.8 34-17 0.5-3 <28,470

Flame coal 40-45 75-82 6.0-5.8 >9.8 ~1 <32,870

Gas flame coal 35-40 82-85 5.8-5.6 9.8-7.3 ~1 <33,910

Gas coal 28-35 85-87.5 5.6-5.0 7.3-4.5 ~1 <34,960

Fat coal 19-28 87.5-89.5 5.0-4.5 4.5-3.2 ~1 <35,380

Forge coal 14-19 89.5-90.5 4.5-4.0 3.2-2.8 ~1 <35,380Nonbaking coal 10-1490.5-91.5 4.0-3.75 2.8-3.5 ~1 35,380

Anthracite 12-16>91.5 <3.75 <2.5 ~1 <35,300

Substance Content

Mercury (Hg) 0.10±0.01 ppm

Arsenic (As) 1.4 – 71 ppm

Selenium (Se) 3 ppm

Advantages

• Affordable• Price Stability• Abundant

Disadvantages• Non-Renewable• Not a clean fuel• Not an Environmental friendly fuel

Hilt’s law• In a small area,

“the deeper the coal , the higher its rank”

Price Chart:

•THANK YOU