benchmark test units 2 and 3 - civil war through gilded age

7/23/2019 Benchmark Test Units 2 and 3 - Civil War Through Gilded Age

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Benchmark Test THE CIVIL WAR THROUGH THE GILDED AGE

1. . In the period between 1820 and 1860, Southerners wanted slavery extended to the Westernterritories so that the South could

A. continue to elect Southern Presidents.

B. continue to dominate the Supreme Court.

C. keep enough strength in the Senate to protect Southern interests.

D. use slave labor to expand Southern industries.

2. How did the patent system encourage inventiveness?

A. It guaranteed an inventor sole rights to the use of his or her inventions for a limited time

B. It guaranteed inventor a fee if they successfully applied and were granted a patent

C. It insured that inventors could locate manufacturers to produce their inventions

D. It advertised an invention so that the inventor could sell more products faster

3. The steps are all performed by a single company.

Which of the following best describes the diagram?

A. horizontal integration of a business

B. a trust company

C. vertical integration of a business

D. a holding company

4. What was the significance of the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the ShermanAntitrust Act (1890)?

A. They encouraged Big Business to grow by passing protective tariffs

B. They prevented poor quality goods from being shipped across state lines

C. They were both used to break up labor unions that interfered with free enterprise

D. They established the principle that Congress could regulate business in certain circumstances

5. How were Americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A. Railroads led to shortages of raw materials for factories and workers on farms

B. Railroads stimulated the construction of steamships to trade up and down rivers

C. Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market

D. Railroads caused cotton, rice, and wheat production to move from the Southeast to the West Coast

Hog FarmsSlaughterhouse and

preparing pork

transporting pork products

to a national market via

refreigerated railroad cars



FOR CARTOONS AND PHOTOS, THINK ABOUT WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN THE TIME PERIOD AND THEN

EXAMINE THE CARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEE WHAT IT SHOWS.

6. Which issue is addressed in the cartoon above?

A. the influence of labor unions

B. the excessive power of Big Business

C. the dangerous condition of factory labor

D. the corruption of political machines in American cities

7. What goal motivated Henry Flagler to build the Florida East Coast Railway?

A. to encourage the U.S. government to build a canal in Panama

B. to bring tourists to the luxury hotels he had built along the Florida coastline

C. to create a refuge for people immigrating to the U.S. from Latin America

D. to build a "dream town" with money he had made from his partnership with John D. Rockefeller

The passage below is and excerpt from the 14th Amendment:

"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of

the United States, nor shall any state deprive citizens of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deprive to any person in its jurisdiction the due process of law."

8. This amendment was proposed by Congress in response to which of the following:

A. the rise of violence against emancipated slaves

B. the passage of Black Codes throughout the South

C. the emergence of white resistance to the Civil Rights movement

D. the attempts of Democrats to limit the voting rights of African Americans

Working Man

HOPELESSLY BOUND TO THE STAKE



FOR CARTOONS AND PHOTOS, THINK ABOUTWHAT WAS HAPPENING IN THE TIME

PERIOD AND THEN EXAMINE THECARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEEWHAT IT SHOWS.

9. How does the cartoon to the left help to

explain the results of the 1886 HaymarketRiot after series of labor rallies in Chicago?

A. The Haymarket Riot caused the death of

many workers

B. Workers became reluctant to join unions

because they associated unions with radical

beliefs.

C. The protestors' were largely justified in

using violence

D. The government was unprepared for the

violence associated with the labormovement.

10. What was the notion of popular sovereignty during the 19th Century?

(A) Slavery would be decided by the Missouri Compromise

(B) Inhabitants of territories becoming states would decide on the issue of slavery

(C) The practice of slavery was to be outlawed in all U.S. states

(D) Congress decided whether slavery would be legal in all new states

11. Poll taxes and grandfather clauses were devices used to

A. deny African Americans the right to vote.

B. extend suffrage to women and 18-year-old citizens.

C. raise money for political campaigns.

D. prevent immigrants from becoming citizens

Anarchist Graves"



FOR CARTOONS AND PHOTOS, THINK ABOUT WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN THE TIME PERIOD AND THENEXAMINE THE CARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEE WHAT IT SHOWS.

12. Which problem is addressed in the cartoon above?

A. New citizens were often unable to exercise their voting rights.

B. City governments were providing inadequate services to residents

C. Political machines were profiting from kickbacks on public contacts

D. The deadlock between political parties was costing taxpayers money

13. Based on the statement above, why did her family immigrate to the U.S.?

A. Religious persecution pushed them out of Russia

B. Disagreements with the government forced them to leave

C. Poverty made them leave Russia

D. The promise of jobs in Chicago made them leave Russia

14. How did the “New Immigrants” differ from the “Old Immigrants”?

A. Most of them were Protestants

B. Most of them spoke very little English

C. They came seeking new economic opportunities

D. They were generally accepted by native-born Americans

My family was lucky. We survived the pogrom in our village in Russia. The Tsaristgovernment acted in support of these anti-Jewish attacks. We had a cousin in Chicago

who sent us enough money to pay for our passage by steamship to America.



15. How did the experience of Chinese immigrants differ from those of the “New Immigrants” from

Southern and Eastern Europe?

A. The often took the least desirable and lowest paying jobs

B. The frequently faced prejudice and discrimination from nativists

C. They were unable to use all of the same skills that they possessed back home

D. They could not own property, testify in some state courts or become citizens

FOR CARTOONS AND PHOTOS, THINK ABOUT WHAT WAS

HAPPENING IN THE TIME PERIOD AND THEN EXAMINE THECARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEE WHAT IT SHOWS

16. Meetings like the one in the poster to the right led to whichof the following?

A. The Chinese Exclusion Act

B. The Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan

C. The Know-Nothing Party

D. The Emergency Quota Act of 1921

17. Which of the following was a problem facing farmers in the

late 19th century?

A. Their cattle and sheep were dying of an unknown disease

B. Disease was destroying the potato crop

C. Railroads and grain elevator operators were overcharging farmers

D. A drought had caused the wheat and corn crops to fail

18. What was the purpose of the Grange Movement?

A. To fight the power of political machines in the cities

B. To break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests

C. to halt the influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe

D. to agitate for government ownership of railroads, telegraphs and telephones

19. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln maintained that the war was being

fought to

A. uphold national honor.

B. prevent foreign involvement.

C. free all slaves.

D. preserve the Union




EXAMINE THE CARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEE WHAT IT SHOWS

20. The photograph above shows immigrants on Ellis Island in 1904. What was the primary purposeof this facility?

A. processing permanent residents applying for U.S. citizenship

B. processing highly skilled workers arriving from China and Japan

C. processing first-class passengers arriving on European steamship lines

D. processing immigrants who mainly came from Southern and Eastern Europe

21. Which event was the immediate cause of the secession of several Southern states from the Unionin 1860?

A. the Dred Scott decision, which declared that all prior compromises on the extension of slavery intothe territories were unconstitutional

B. the Missouri Compromise, which kept an even balance between the number of free and slave states

C. the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, which was led by the militant abolitionist JohnBrown

D. the election of President Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the spread of slavery into the territories

"American social development has been continually beginning over again on the frontier. This perennial

[lasting for a long time] rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new

opportunities, … furnished the forces dominating American character. The frontier is the line ofmost rapid and effective Americanization. The wilderness masters the colonists."

—Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893)

22. Using the quote above, what part of the American character would be formed from the frontierexperience?

A. We value the rich in our society and not the poor.

B. We are rugged individuals and problem solvers.

C. We look to the government to solve our problems.

D. We do not seek new experiences and are reluctant to seize new opportunities.



23. The power relationship that changed most as a result of the Civil War was the increase in the power

of the

A. individual over the state.

B. military over the civilian population.

C. Congress over the President.

D. Federal Government over the states..

24. A person who believes in the Social Darwinist theory of survival of the fittest would agree that

A. poor people should get help from the government

B. rich nations should give substantial aid to help poor nations

C. individuals should succeed through their own efforts

D. government should tax the rich to help the poor

25. In the late 1800s, the goal of the federal government's policy toward Native Americans was to

A. destroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural values.

B. grant them full citizenship and due process.

C. give their tribal groups authority over their own affairs.

D. increase the land holdings of western tribes

26. From 1865 to 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society?

A. The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditional "family farm."

B. Population centers shifted from the Northeast to the South.

C. Restrictions on immigration created a more homogenous culture.

D. The percentage of Americans living in urban areas increased

27. The decision of the Supreme Court in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case is important because it

A. upheld the legality of sharecropping.

B. denounced the violence of the Ku Klux Klan

C. approved separate but equal facilities for African Americans.

D. declared slavery to be illegal

28. The corporation became a popular form of business organization during the post-Civil War periodbecause it

A. enabled corporate executives to supervise daily business activities more closely

B. made it possible for business concerns to raise more capital

C. appealed to farmers anxious to increase production

D. encouraged industrial workers to form business cooperatives



29. The map to the left shows theUnited States immediately after…

A. The passage of the Kansas-NebraskaAct in 1854

B. The passage of the Compromise of1850

C. The end of the Mexican WarD. The beginning of the Civil War

30. Businesses formed trusts, pools, and holding companies mainly to

A. increase profits by eliminating competition

B. offer a wide range of goods and services to consumers

C. provide employment opportunities for minorities

D. protect the interests of workers

31. In the cartoon shown below, what is the viewpoint of the cartoonist?

A. The U.S. immigration restrictions are forcing people to leave

B. Unrestricted immigration poses a danger to the U.S.

C. We should allow immigrants into our country

D. The U.S. is finally following the right policy on immigration.



32. How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877?

A. A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancement.

B. The Freedman's Bureau helped them become farm owners.

C. Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights.

D. Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities.

33. After the Civil War, Native Americans were relocated to reservations primarily because

A. the federal government wanted to preserve tribal cultures.

B. the Native Americans had violated most of their treaties with the federal government.

C. most of the tribal chiefs requested government protection from white settlers.

D. settlers, ranchers, and prospectors wanted their tribal lands

34. According to the theory of laissez-faire, the economy functions best when government

A. subsidizes business so that it can compete worldwide

B. regulates businesses for the good of the majority

C. owns major industries

D. does not interfere with business

35. Look at the quote from John D. Rockefeller

in the cartoon to the left. What was he

trying to justify?

A. Getting rid of his competition

B. Making a lot of money

C. Giving away his money to flower clubs

D. Restricting immigration to the U.S.




EXAMINE THE CARTOON OR PHOTO CAREFULLY TO SEE WHAT IT SHOWS

36. According to the cartoon above, why is Monopoly winning the battle against Labor?

A. Monopoly is depicted as a heavily armored knight, while Labor is has no armor

B. Monopoly is supported by corrupt legislatures and the subsidized press, while Labor cannot do muchbecause of poverty

C. Labor is using old-fashioned methods, like the strike, while Monopoly is using more modernmethods, like the railroad

D. Monopoly is supported by the vast majority of the spectators, while nobody is rooting for Labor to

win

37. What was the experience of most of the “new immigrants” who arrived in the United States from

Southern and Eastern Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s?A. They lived in urban areas and most held low-paying jobs.

B. They obtained free land in the West and became farmers.

C. They became discouraged with America and returned to their homelands.

D. They were easily assimilated into mainstream American culture

benchmark test units 2 and 3 - civil war through gilded age

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