besser--seybold--digital asset mgmt 8/29/00 1 digital asset management: an academic view howard...

Besser--Seybold--Digital Asset Mgmt 8/29/00 1

Digital Asset Management:An Academic View

Howard Besser

UCLA School of Education & Information

http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard


Digital Asset Management:An Academic View-

_ Interoperability_ Importance of Standards_ Best Practices for Managing Digital

Projects_ Implications of Digital Projects_ Longevity


Traditional Digital Collection Model

DL

DL

DL

DL

useruser

search & presentation





Ideal Digital Collection Model

DL

DL

DL

DL

useruser



For Interoperability Digital Collections Need Standards

_ Descriptive Metadata for consistent description

_ Discovery Metadata for finding_ Administrative Metadata for viewing and

maintaining_ Structural Metadata for navigation_ ... Terms & Conditions Metadata for

controlling access...


Metadata is not just indexing terms

_ CBIR attributes used for retrieval on color, shape, texture, etc._ Structural attributes used for page-turning_ Administrative attributes used for managing a digital work

over time_ IPR attributes to limit unauthorized use_ Identification attributes to determine what application software

is needed to view a particular digital work

_ Can be located anywhere


Why are Standards and Metadata consensus

important? Managing digital files over time Longevity Interoperability Veracity Recording in a consistent manner Will give vendors incentive to create

applications that support this


Why Standards? Why do we need standards?

– To make information universally available to users– facilitate sharing and interchange of information– To preserve information (make it safe from

changes in hardware and software) Standards only work if communities widely

accept them, but they’re necessary for communities to work together


Best Practices for Managing Digital Projects-

_ Who will your users be?_ Best Practices Guidelines_ Workflow and Management Issues


Why are you Managing this Information?

Organizational mission & type Users Uses


Why are Standards and Metadata consensus

important? Managing digital files over time Longevity Interoperability Veracity Recording in a consistent manner Will give vendors incentive to create

applications that support this


Collaborative Metadata Projects

Dublin Core NSF/ERCIM Digital Collaboratory OCLC CORC Project- Visual Resources Association (VRA) Core Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Computerized Interchange of Museum Information

(CIMI)- Records Export for Art and Cultural Heritage

(REACH)


CORC--Cooperative Online Resource Catalog

_ both bib records & webliographies (pathfiinders)

_ supports both AACR2/MARC and DC_ began 1/99, scheduled availability 7/00_ 100-200 participants

– Academic libraries– OCLC networks, special libraries, public

libraries, state & national libraries, consortia


Making of America II-

Background of the DLF Project Administrative Metadata Structural Metadata


MOA2 Goal is Interoperability

Book example


MOA2 Access

OPAC Finding AidsList

Collectn levelrecord

Finding Aid

DigitalObjects


DLF Metadata for Interoperability Testbed:

the MOA II Project R & D Distributed Repositories Transportation, 1869-1900 Testbed Project Best Practices Structural and administrative metadata


Previous Projects/Background

Library Standards Background UC Berkeley Background Finding Aids EAD SGML EAD “Digital Archives”


MOA II Classes of Objects

Continuous Tone Photos Photo Albums Diaries, journals, letterpress books Ledgers Correspondence


MOA II Metadata

_ Administrative Metadata– for enhancing resource management

_ Structural Metadata– for reflecting internal hierarchies and

relationships btwn parts

_ Raw/Seared/Cooked


MOA II Behaviors

Navigation Display/Print


MOA II Best practices

Use/Users/Collection: Benchmarking Masters vs. Derivatives Scanning- Administrative Metadata- Structural Metadata-


Scanning Best Practices

_ Think about users (and potential users), uses, and type of material/collection

_ Scan at the highest quality that does not exceed the likely potential users/uses/material

_ Do not let today’s delivery limitations influence your scanning file sizes; understand the difference between digital masters and derivative files used for delivery

_ Many documents which appear to be bitonal actually are better represented with greyscale scans

_ Include color bar and ruler in the scan

_ Use objective measurements to determine scanner settings (do NOT attempt to make the image good on your particular monitor or use image processing to color correct)

_ Don’t use lossy compression_ Store in a common (standardized)

file format_ Capture as much metadata as is

reasonably possible (including metadata about the scanning process itself)


Why Scale is important


Administrative Metadatato uniquely identify a digital resource and manage it

over time

_ Information about where the various pieces/versions of the object reside

_ Information to view the digital object_ Information about the scanning process


Structural Metadata:that which is relevant to presentation of the

digital object to the user

_ metadata defining the "object”: a book, a diary, a photo album

_ metadata defining the “sub-objects”: pages (physical) or chapters and subheads (intellectual)


SGML, XML, HTML

_ TEI for structured humanities text_ EAD for Finding Aids


Museum Online Archive of California -- Goals

_ Access to Museum Collections_ Use of Encoded Archival Description

(EAD) for Museums_ Integration of primary source access across

institution types_ Scalable production methods


MOAC Participants

_ 8 Museums – Berkeley Art Museum/Pacific Film Archive– Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology– Oakland Museum fo California– UCLA Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts– UCR/California Museum of Photography– Bancroft Library– UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History– Stanford University Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual

Arts– Japanese American National Museum


Collection goals

_ 29 Collections_ 73,000 images

– Paintings & drawings– Sculpture & ceramics– Masks, textiles, cultural objects– Artists books– Photographs & stereographs– Audio & video

MOAC Homepage and search box

Search results in finding aid viewer

Search Result in Fowler Museum Finding Aid

Search Result in Berkeley Art Museum Finding Aid

Multimedia Object in Berkeley Art Museum Finding Aid

Multimedia Object navigation


Unique Outcomes

_ Finding Aids for museum collections_ Integration of item & collection level

information_ Presentation & navigation of multi-media


Methods

_ Standards based (EAD, SGML, XML, REACH, LCSH, AAT)

_ Digital Asset Mgmt. Database– Automated markup– Connections to collection mgmt. DBs– Image workflow– Export to EAD


Progress

_ 6 finding aids_ 5200 images_ 6 month cycles: digitization & encoding

followed by mounting and access (4 iterations to gain knowledge)

_ Alternative MOAC portal (with fielded searching)


MOAC Contact information

_ http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/moac/_ MOAC Project Manager Rick Rinehart ([email protected])_ OAC Manager Robin Chandler [email protected]

http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/moac/

mailto:[email protected]


Further OAC Discussion

_ More pieces of OAC– CDL Best Practices

– Access to online Finding Aids-

_ Broader Implications of OAC and similar projects-– utility of image browsing

– Digitization means new audiences

– New users’ lack of familiarity with Finding Aids

– searching across finding aids

_ More general issues of digital projects-


NISO/DLF Image Metadata WorkshopPossible Goals

Metadata fields Rules for Field Contents (authority control)

Core set of necessary fields

Syntax for expressing fields and contents (headers)


Image Metadata

Focus on Metadata that may prove helpful for

management use preservation ...


Image Metadata

Break-out Groups: Work Done

Characteristics and Features of Images Image Production and Reformatting

Features Image Identification and Integrity


NISO/DLF Image Metadata Workshop (4/99)

Image Technical Information : Possible Goals

Metadata fields Rules for Field Contents (authority control)

Core set of necessary fields

Syntax for expressing fields and contents (headers)


Image Metadata

Focus on Metadata that may prove helpful for

management use preservation ...


Image Metadata

Break-out Groups: Work Done-

Characteristics and Features of Images Image Production and Reformatting

Features Image Identification and Integrity


Image Metadata Elements for Data Dictionary

Data Dictionary Entries_ Element Name_ Definition (short) of the element name_ Is the element required? (Identified as: Mandatory, Mandatory if

Applicable, Recommended, Optional)_ How is the value of the element represented?_ Examples_ When is this data collected?_ What is the purpose of this data?_ Who would the identified users be?_ How is the metadata used?_ What other metadata standards reference it?



Characteristics and Features Element List

_ Format Issues:_ Resolution Issues:_ Encoding:_ Compression:_ Others:



Image Production Element List (Pertaining to the Image)

_ In-image target(s):_ System target(s), associated with the object:_ Responsible agent_ Rationale:_ Hardware:_ Software:



Image Production Element List (Pertaining to the Process)

_ Format of the image_ Intrinsic characteristics of the image_ Identification_ Provides a means for defining methodology including documentation and rationale_ Who is involved with the file?_ Who created the image file?_ Who commissioned the creation of the image file (i.e., the chartering entity), as opposed

to: Who is the responsible agency? Who is the owner?_ Where_ What_ When: necessary dates including: capture date/time, modification_ Checksum_ Navigational aid_ Encoding tools


Image Metadata

NISO/DLF Image Metadata:In Progress

_ Data Dictionary for both “Characteristics & Features” and for “Image Production Elements” due end of 6/00


Finding Image Origins


Identification/Provenance (Images)-

The number of variant forms of a work can be enormous Image Families A digital image frequently has many layers of parentage Information about the parentage that can indicate the

quality and veracity of the image (Dublin Core "Source" and "Relation")

how to deal with different versions derived from the same scan or different encoding schemes

Vocabulary Standards to express this


The number of variant forms of a work can be enormous

different views of the same object different lighting of the same object different scans of the same photo different resolutions different compression schemes different compression ratios different file storage formats different details of the same image ...

Image Families


Identification/Provenance

how to deal with different versions (browse, hi-res, medium res) derived from the same scan or different encoding schemes (TIFF, PICT, JFIF)

Vocabulary Standards to express this– VRA Surrogate Categories– CIMI's "Image Elements”


Other Metadata

_ Description of depiction/surrogate (What VRA calls its "Surrogate Categories")

_ Description of original object

_ Rights and Reproduction Information_ Location Information


Metadata for Digital Commerce

DOI <indecs>-


<Indecs>

formal structure for describing and uniquely identifying intellectual property itself, the people and businesses involved in its trading, and the agreements which they make about it (primarily for publishing, music, and visual arts)

will develop high-level specifications for the services that will be required to implement a global IP trading system based on this <indecs> generic data model

focus is on encoding rights at a high level, not on resource discovery likely to involve metadata schma registration and directory to allow

interoperation of personal identifiers for rightsholders and users supported by EEC DG-13 First meeting July 1999 http://www.indecs.org/


Serious Longevity Problems

_ What we know from prior widespread digital file formats

_ Images separating from their metadata_ Inaccessibility of software needed to view

an image_ Inability to even decode the file format of

an image


The Translation Problem

Content translated into new delivery devices changes meaning– -A photo vs. a painting– -If Info is produced originally in digital form in

one encoded format, will it be the same when translated into another format?

– Behaviors


Pieces of the Solution (1/2)

-We need to insist upon clearly readable standardized ways for digital objects to self-identify their formats

-We should discourage scrambling -We need to better understand information

inter-relates to other Info, and what constitutes “boundaries” of Info objects


Pieces of the Solution (2/2)

-People and organizations wishing to make information persist need guidelines of how to go about doing it

-We need to better understand how translating from one storage or display format to another affects the meaning of a work

-We need to save the “behaviors” of a digital object, not just it’s “contents”


Metadata can be the first line of defense

Can tell you– where the file is (if you can’t find the file)– where more info about the file is (if you have the

file but most other metadata has become separated)

– what the file format is– what the compression scheme is– what application program and version is needed

for the file


Groups Working onthe Big Longevity Problem

http://sunsite.Berkeley.EDU/Longevity/

CPA Task Force Getty “Time & Bits” Conference & follow-

up NEDLIB, CURL, Michigan Internet Archive Long Now


UCLA/Getty Summer Institutefor Knowledge Sharing

http://www.getty.edu/gri/standard/intrometadata/

http://www.ifla.org/II/metadata.htm

http://sunsite.Berkeley.EDU/Imaging/Databases/

http://sunsite.Berkeley.EDU/moa2/

http://sunsite.Berkeley.EDU/Longevity/

http://www.oac.cdlib.org/

http://lcweb.loc.gov/ead/

http://purl.oclc.org/metadata/dublin_core/

http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/image-meta.html

http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Metadata/UC-May00/

http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Metadata/sp2000.html

http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/

http://is.gseis.ucla.edu/impact/f95/special-collectns.html

http://is.gseis.ucla.edu/impact/f95/Papers-projects/Projects/Trowbridge/


Workflow and Management Issues-

_ Managing multiple image files_ Persistent Identification_ Making your works accessible throughout

the Net


Identification/Provenance

how to deal with different versions (browse, hi-res, medium res) derived from the same scan or different encoding schemes (TIFF, PICT, JFIF)

Vocabulary Standards to express this– VRA Surrogate Categories– CIMI's "Image Elements”


Persistent IDs--the Problem

_ Need to separate work ID from work location

_ URNs probably won’t be ready until 2003_ Becomes a business process issue when one

organization maintains the resource and another organization references it (ie. licensed from vendors or managed by separate administrative structures)


Making your works accessible throughout the Net

_ The DLF/Mellon Metadata Harvesting meeting

_ An administrative and political issue as much as a a technical one


Major Issues Facing Digital Projects

_ Dangerous Changes in Intellectual Property Law

_ Intellectual Access_ Storage & Delivery_ Usefulness to User

– Integration with other tools– Interoperability


Containers and Packages of Metadata

Warwick, not MARC

_ modular_ overlapping_ extensible_ community-based_ designed for a networked world to aid

commonality btwn communities while still providing full functionality within each community


DC Qualifiers

_ allows one community to express important nuances and qualifications, while still making the basic importance available to communities with simple needs

_ our community can reflect alternate title, transliterated title, and main title, yet they will all be found under a simple Web search under “title”


Crosswalks

mapping btwn differing metadata structures eliminate the need for monolithic,

universally adopted standards focus on flexibility and interoperatiblity RDF-based metadata registries


Crosswalk ExampleCDWAObject IDCIMISchema FDAVRA CoreCategories USMARCDUBLINCOREOBJECT/WORK (core) DocumentClassification-CatalogLevel (core)DocumentClassification-Group Type

Object/Work-Type (core) Type ofObject objectNAMEDocumentClassification- DocumentType (core)Purpose-Purpose(Broad) (core)Purpose-Purpose(Narrow)

W1. WorkType 655 Genre-Form Type

Object/Work-Components quantity DocumentClassification-Extent 300a PhysicalDescription-Extent ORIENTATION/ARRANGEMENT

DescriptionTITLES ORNAMES(core)

Title objectTitlebibliographicTitleGroup/ItemIdentification-RepositoryTitleGroup/ItemIdentification-DescriptiveTitle (core)Group/ItemIdentification-InscribedTitle

W2. Title 24Xa Titleand Title-RelatedInformationTitle


Utility of Image Browsing^

_ [[http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHeritage/]]– http://www.oac.cdlib.org:28008/dynaweb/ead/calher/bully/

@Generic__BookTextView/146;hf=0#X

_ implications of Image Browsing for Cataloging


Digitization meansNew Audiences


Proposed EAD enhancements for diverse groups (Anne Gilliland-Swetland)

_ Subject searching_ Name searching_ Geographic location searching_ Physical form or genre searching_ Bottom-up searching

besser--seybold--digital asset mgmt 8/29/00 1 digital asset management: an academic view howard...

Documents

digital asset mgmt

digital asset management

digital files

particular digital work

longevity slide

ideal digital collection

structural metadata

administrative metadata