beyond copy cataloging: marcing the next frontier
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Beyond Copy Cataloging: MARCing the Next Frontier. Susan M. Sutch [email protected] An Infopeople Workshop Winter/Spring 2005-6. What We Will Cover. Verifying bib records Seven steps for original cataloging Authority control Assigning LCSH subjects. What We Won’t Cover. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Beyond Copy Cataloging: MARCing the Next Frontier
Susan M. Sutch
[email protected] Infopeople Workshop
Winter/Spring 2005-6
What We Will Cover
Verifying bib records
Seven steps for original cataloging
Authority control
Assigning LCSH subjects
What We Won’t Cover
OCLC MARC bib record
Automation system differences
Sears Subject Headings
Why do we use MARC?
We Use MARC Because…
We are no longer islands. Share bibliographic info rather than re-invent the 3 x 5 card set at each library.
Sharing info requires materials to be organized in a standardized fashion.
Union Catalogs and ILL a result
Machine Readable Cataloging
Used in most countries in the world!
MARC 21 current standard (1998-) for U.S. and Canada, England
MARC Division of the Library of Congress and ALA set standard
Did You Know That
the MARC database is the largest library expense after the collection
itself?
MARC Review
On Your MARC
Cataloging Rules
MARC (standard) AACR2(cataloging bible) LCRIs (more rules)
Catalogers Desktop
http://desktop.loc.gov/
Copy Cataloging Steps
Verify bibliographic record
Decide to import or create new
Add local holdings tag 949, 852, 967 MARC tag
Computer Checks Bib Record by
Match tags whether bib record already
exists
008 fixed tag common positions
245 and 246 indicators know indicators used
by computer system
Bib Record Import Problems
Your automation system is not importing a bib record it should (or vice versa)
A copy is attached to the wrong bib record
Match Tags to Check When There Is a Problem
001 – control number (accession)
003 – control number identifier
010 – LCCN
020 – ISBN
Check 001 Tag – Control Number
Should have same 001 control number as the record you want to match
Supposed to be unique, but LC and OCLC might use different control numbers for the same record
Check 003 Tag – Control Number Identifier
Goes with 001 tag
Cataloging Source Code
001 and 003 tags should match the record you are trying to import if: You want the system to only add a copy
and not a whole new record
Check Other Match Tags
LCCN (010) and ISBN (020)
Subfields: $a valid – computer looks here to
match $z invalid
Verify Bib Record: 008 Tag
42 Positions in the 008 tag: Some are format specific Some are universal for all formats
Coded info needs to be consistent with rest of bib record
Verify Bib Record: 245 Title Indicators
First indicator– 0 if title is main entry (no 1XX tag) 1 if title is added entry (has 1XX tag)
Second indicator - Number of spaces to skip when
alphabetizing the title
Verify Bib Record: Other Titles
Variant title – 246 title in other
areas first indicator
either 1 or 3 second indicator
how title displayed in OPAC
Parallel title -245 $b title in other
language add variant title so
can alphabetize and display in OPAC
Oh No, I Have to Catalog!!!!
7 Original Cataloging Steps
1. MARC format
2. Primary info source
3. Main entries
4. Edition, imprint, extent
5. Notes
6. Subjects
7. Added entries
Cataloging Step #1:Choose MARC Format
Choose from 8
Book Electronic resource Serial Mixed Map Visual material Music Sound recording
Cataloging Step #2: Chief Source of Information
Book – title page, verso Electronic resource – title screen, ReadMe,
online documentation Serial – (print) first issue (online) Mixed – objects themselves Map – entire map(s) Visual material – title and credit frames, then
item itself Music – title page Sound recording – physical item and labels
Cataloging Step #3: Main Entries
MARC 1XX (author) tag
Main entries: personal 100 corporate 110 conference 111 uniform title 130
1XX tags do not repeat
Cataloging Step #4: Edition, Imprint
Imprint
MARC 260 tag
publisher place (not indexed) 008 country code used instead
publisher (not indexed)
date (not indexed) 008 used instead
Edition
MARC 250 tag
leave blank if first edition
edition (not indexed)
Cataloging Step #4: Extent
MARC 300 tag no fields indexed, all OPAC display varies by format
Book example– $a number of pages $b illustrated $c height in centimeters $e accompanying material
Cataloging Step #5: Notes
MARC 5XX tag
Notes included in keyword index:505 contents note511 performer note520 summary note
Note limited to OPAC display 500 general note
Cataloging Step #6: Subjects Indicator
MARC 6XX tag Most subjects
Indicator 2 = 4 (if assigned locally) Indicator 2 = 0 (if LCSH)
Most systems will index subjects only if indicator 2 = 0
Cataloging Step #6: Subject Indicator Exception
655 tag (genre/form) 1st indicator blank
2nd indicator always 7
Coded subject source in subfield $2
Cataloging Step #7: Added Entries
7XX Author/Title 700 Personal 710 Corporate 711 Conference 730 Uniform title
8XX Series 800 Personal 810 Corporate 811 Conference 830 Uniform title
Notice anything?
Calling All Subjects!!!!
Understanding and Assigning
LC Subject Headings
Ways to Get the LCSH
Classification Web
“Big Red Books”
MARC Distribution Service: Subject Authorities
Library of Congress Authorities web site
Authority files in bibliographic utilities
How do you Begin Assigning LCSH Subject Headings?
SLAM
Translate into LCSH terminology main headings subdivisions
Know LC conventions
No single ref source for all needed info
Assign Subjects - SLAM
Scan title page, TOC, preface, introduction, text,
bibliography, index, container Look for
keywords, form of item, author’s intent, audience, viewpoint
Ask yourself Are there one or several topics of focus?
Mentally compose a sentence,”This resource is about…”
Translate into LCSH Terms
Main heading – main focus of a subject (required)
Subdivisions – used under main heading (optional) established – strictly defined free floating – used with many main
headings
Ways to Assign LCSH Main Headings
Search LCSH follow Use and See Also references Use BT and NT
Search library catalogs or utilities to find similar items
Search authority files
Assign LCSH Main Headings – Navigate LCSH gs
Choose a Subdivision
Established – for use under a particular heading
Free-floating – many types of headings, not all
Where to Get Subdivisions
Established LCSH authority records
Free–floating Subject Cataloging Manual Free-Floating Subdivisions: an
Alphabetical Index
LC Insider Info
Library of Congress patterns/habits evolved over 100
years
contact LC for complete list of practices/conventions
each institution chooses which to use and which not to
LC Convention Examples
Main headings for subjects that comprise at least 20%+ of work
Sub-topic becomes separate main heading if more than 20% of work
More LC Conventions
First subject heading should reflect the primary topic or focus of work
Broader headings only when not possible to assign specific
LC Rule of Three
Rule of three Separate main headings when up to
three distinct topics are discussed broad heading applies only if it
encompasses the 2-3 subtopics and nothing else
If work discusses more than three topics, assign broader heading
Authorizing Everything
Are you Under Authority Control?
Why We Need Authorities
Example: Are African American, Soviet Union
proper subject terms?
How do you x-reference these?
Authority Records:
Completely separate MARC21 record
Used together with MARC bib record in a computerized library
How Authority Records Help
The librarian/cataloger can find things in other systems, provide
consistent access and cross-reference provides check whether name, title, subject is
correct
General user in OPAC OPAC ‘see’ and ‘see also’ refs source of catalog info public sees on OPAC
Why Use Authority Records?
Everyone in English speaking world using same forms of words
Allows: consistency of terms cross references to official term scope notes to further explain
Different MARC Authority Records
Name person corporate meeting Jurisdiction
Name/Title classic works
that have been published with different titles
Subject general genre geographic
Title not associated
with a particular author
Sample Authority Record from LC Authorities Online
005 20020521235823.0 008 020329|| anannbabn |n ana 010 __ $a sh2002003572 040 __ $a DLC $b eng $c DLC 150 __ $a English literature $x Asian authors 670 __ $a Work cat.: 2002025662: Innes, Catherine Lynette. A history of Black and Asian writing in Britain, 2002. 680 __ $i Here are entered works of English literature written in Britain by authors of Asian origin or ancestry. Works of literature written in Asia in the English language are entered under $a Oriental literature (English). 681 __ $i Note under $a Oriental literature (English)
Authority Records: X-Ref Tags 4XX tags
‘Used for / see from’ references lead from unauthorized to
authorized heading
5XX tags ‘See also under’ references lead from authorized to another
authorized heading
Authority Records:Notes Tags
Cataloger only use 670 tag (found in)
OPAC display use 680 tag
Can I Get MARC Authority Records Online?
http://authorities.loc.gov
Yes, and they are free!!!!!!!!!!!!
Putting It All Together Is my copycat record OK?
Seven steps to ‘do it yourself’ cataloging
Add a subject
Maintaining authority
The Final Authority
Order, unity and continuity are human inventions just as truly as catalogues and encyclopedias.
Bertrand Russell