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BIM-Intro

An introduction to BIM, Applications & Current Research Areas

Martin Hooper

Introduction to BIM – What it is, what it is not A Selection of Common Applications:

Energy Simulation Collision Control BIM for FM

Benefits & Consequences of working in a BIM mode

Research in BIM

Contents

BIM Revit (or any other proprietary tool)

Introduction to BIM – What it is, what it is not

BIM = Building Information Model (A virtual model of a facility)

BIM = Building Information Modelling (Process of creating or using BIM data)

BIM = Building Information Management (Managing the DCO digital asset)

x

BIM is a workflow method using particular computer tools to achieve certain outcomes. – McPhee, A.

BIM is the life-cycle management of the built environment supported

by digital technology. – Cholakis, P.

The basis for BIM are: Objects (parametric) Object properties or property sets Relationships & structure of information in a database

BIM – Other Attributes

BIM – A Definition v2.0 (Hooper, 2010)

Building

As in: • A man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy; • The act or art of construction

Information Modelling Closely related to notions of: • Constaints • Communication • Control • Data • Form • Instruction • Knowledge / understanding • Meaning • Pattern • Perception • Representation

Through virtual representation by: • Simulating an abstract model of a particular system; • Virtual prototyping; • A 3D polygonal representation of an object; • An unambiguous representations of the solid parts of an object; • A description of database structure • A description of a system in terms of its constituent parts and mechanisms

Creating: • A basis for DCO collaboration • A central database about a built asset project into a single rich model

Enabling: • Optimised design solutions • Study of theoretical scenarios • Elimination of collisions • Accurate costing • Study of constructability • Planning of facility futures

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Maintenance Scheduling

Building System Analysis

Asset Management

Space Management / Tracking

Disaster Planning

Record Modelling

Site Utilization Planning

Construction System Design

Digital Fabrication

3D Control and Planning

3D Design Coordination

Design Authoring

Energy Analysis

Structural Analysis

Lighting Analysis Mechanical Analysis

Fire Analysis

Acoustic Analysis

Sustainability Evaluation

Code Validation

Programming

Site Analysis

Design Reviews

Phase Planning (4D Modelling)

Cost Estimation Existing Conditions Modelling

BIM-Uses v1.0 (Hooper, 2011)

BIM Enables...

...to be automated

Application of BIM Uses through DCO Lifecycle v1.0 (Hooper, 2010)

Scheme Design

Design Development

Contract Documents Construction

Operations / FM Disposal

A

Building System Analysis 3d Design

Coordination Design Authoring Energy Analysis

Structural Analsis Lighting Analysis

Mechanical Analysis Code Validation Design Reviews Cost Estimation

Delivery of BIM as complete virtual

construction. 3d Design

Coordination Digital Fabrication

Cost Estimation


Record Modelling Construction

System Design Digital Fabrication

Purchasing Material & Labour

Tracking Programming Cost Control


Space Management /

Tracking Disaster

Management Asset

Management

Hazardous material scheduling

Recycling / re-use material & equipment scheduling

Cost Estimation Material & Labour

Tracking


Design Reviews Site Analysis

Cost Estimation Existing Conditions

Modelling Code Validation

3d Design Coordination

Design Authoring

1 2 3 4 5 6

BIM Processes Through Project Stages

BIM Uses, Applications or Activities



Asset Management


Disaster Planning

Record Modelling



Digital Fabrication



Design Authoring

Structural Analysis


Fire Analysis

Acoustic Analysis


Code Validation

Programming

Site Analysis

Design Reviews

Phase Planning


Energy Analysis


BIM Application #1: Energy Simulation

Importance of energy simulation Historical methods Today’s digital method(s) When to do energy simulations Sample simulation results

Lund University - Energy Simulation with Green Building Studio

Importance of Energy Simulation today EU directives to reduce effects of global warming. National initiatives to increase awareness of energy use. Requirements for energy declarations for all new and exchanged

properties. Client demand for greater knowledge about the running costs of the

new asset. Rising energy costs. Simulation tools can be deloyed in

a way that they can be used to inform design decisions and add value to the project.


• Energy calculations had to be done manually:

By measuring… and calculating…

• Many errors occurred resulting in data mistrust. • Calculations where done to check the solution rather than design.

Historically


Energy calculations are largely an automated process using intelligent virtual representations (models).

Model authoring tool (Revit)… to simulation tool (GBS)…

No loss of data integrity. User friendly workflow enabling design iterations.

Today


• Consultants may carry out energy simulations for a given project 3 times – with increasing level of detail and accuracy.

When to do Energy Simulations

+ Efficiency

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+ -

Design Development Scheme Design Construction Documents + + + + + +

Spac

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Phas

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Digi

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abric

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Disa

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Pla

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Prog

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Desig

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ordi

natio

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Site

Ana

lysis

Site

Util

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Plan

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Ener

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naly

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BIM-Uses in Context v1.0 (Hooper, 2011)

Time

Reco

rd M

odel

Cost

Est

imat

ion

Exist

ing

Cond

ition

s

Asse

t Man

agem

ent

Desig

n Re

view

Desig

n Re

view

Desig

n Re

view

Code

Val

idat

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Stru

ctur

al A

naly

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Desig

n Au

thor

ing

Ener

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naly

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Phas

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

Ener

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+ De

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Coor

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(10 options) (optimisation of final solution) (3 options)


Link to: Kamakura House - Green

Building Studio Energy and Carbon Results

Green Building Studio Energy and Carbon Results

This aspect of BIM is about leveraging information from digital simulations (design alternatives) to ensure the best decisions are made early on in the process.

Such decisions effect the facilities entire lifecycle.

BIM Applications



Asset Management


Disaster Planning

Record Modelling



Digital Fabrication



Design Authoring

Structural Analysis


Fire Analysis

Acoustic Analysis


Code Validation

Programming

Site Analysis

Design Reviews

Phase Planning


Energy Analysis


Historical methods of design coordination Typical traditional coordination errors Collision Control: What, Why, When, Who? Benefits Difficulties

BIM Application #2: Collision Control


Light tables:

Draftsmen would overlay 2D drawings to check / attempt to coordinate the design manually….

Many errors were not discovered until it was too late!

Historically


2D cad drawings:

Consultants would overlay 2D CAD drawings to check / attempt to coordinate the design manually….

Many errors were not discovered until it was too late!

Historically


Typical Traditional Coordination Errors Clashing of service ducts & steelwork / concrete elements. Need to core-drill holes in concrete or steel. Clashing of positioning of equipment. Tolerances too tight to install / maintain / replace.


Collision Control is a term adopted by the AEC industry to describe the process of checking for object spatial overlaps & tolerances within object-orientated building models (BIM’s).

Other terms include:

3D Design Coordination. Clash Detection. Tolerance Checking. Interference Check.

Tools to automate this task or process grew out of a need for better coordination and fewer design errors.

What?


Today where projects are designed using 3D object-orientated models (BIM) Collision Control is carried out as a quality control routine.

Consultants must provide a coordinated design solution that works

– ie that everything can fit together. Architects & Engineers must exercise due diligence when delivering

their design solution, Collision Control is one area where this can be demonstrated.

Collision Control amongst other BIM processes is an automated

action that can be deployed to validate the design.

Why?


Other reasons:

The need to reduce design (co-ordination) defects.

Collision control saves time - before it's too late.

Buildings are getting more and more complicated – the only way forward is automation.

Considered as one of the ’low hanging fruit’

Why?


Contractual obligations? Typically consultants may upload discipline models to project server

weekly for design coordination purposes.

When?

+ Efficiency

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+ -

Design Development Scheme Design + + + + + +

Spac

e M

anag

emen

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Phas

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anni

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Digi

tal F

abric

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n

Disa

ster

Pla

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Prog

ram

min

g

Desi

gn C

oord

inat

ion

Site

Ana

lysis

Site

Util

ilisa

tion

Plan

ning

Ener

gy A

naly

sis

BIM-Uses in Context v1.0 (Hooper, 2011)

Time

Reco

rd M

odel

Cost

Est

imat

ion

Exist

ing

Cond

ition

s

Asse

t Man

agem

ent

Desig

n Re

view

Desig

n Re

view

Desig

n Re

view

Code

Val

idat

ion

Stru

ctur

al A

naly

sis

Desig

n Au

thor

ing

Ener

gy A

naly

sis

Phas

e Pl

anni

ng

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

Ener

gy A

naly

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+ De

sign

Coo

rdin

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n

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+

+

Construction Documents


• All design authors, typically:

• Architect • Structural Engineer • MEP Engineer

Without the full team contributing to a coordinated model the exercise is rather pointless!

• And once the design has matured:

• Specialist design elements (eg. special glazing) • Major component suppliers (eg. precast concrete)

Who?


Fully coordinated BIM virtual models provide significant benefits, including: Improved coordination with fewer errors Increased speed of delivery Decreased costs Fewer change orders Greater productivity Higher quality work

Benefits of Automated Collision Control


Typical Difficulties with 3D Coordination Lack of a common understanding of what each discipline should deliver

for collision control: content & level of detail.

Buy-in & time commitment in the early stages often present difficulties and frustration, suggesting a resistance to change or flawed time planning.

Difficulties exist for team members to arrive at the same place at the same time with regards BIM-Content quality and completeness.

Quality Control and validation of delivered BIM-Info is often left to the receiver to sort out - leading to down time for file clean-ups, deletion of duplicate objects etc.

Where duplicate objects occur (eg. loadbearing walls) a common method of tracking and accepting needs to be established.

Prerequisites to discipline BIM Authoring: Cross team ‘buy-in’ to process and deliverables. Agree and log object responsibility. Agree discipline object tolerances / clearances Agree cross discipline object tolerances / clearances. Agree management procedure for duplicate objects. Establish change control procedure. Set agree discipline BIM-Info Quality Control expectations.

Planning 3D Coordination

BIM Applications



Asset Management


Disaster Planning

Record Modelling



Digital Fabrication 3D Control and Planning


Design Authoring

Structural Analysis


Fire Analysis

Acoustic Analysis


Code Validation

Programming

Site Analysis

Design Reviews

Phase Planning


Energy Analysis


BIM Application #3: BIM for Facilities Management

Space management:

Leveraging space inventories, occupancy data to improve occupancy rates and space utilization.

Strategic Planning:

Enabling analysis and alignment of facilities plans with business operations through scenario simulation and future-needs space forecasting.

Asset Management:

Allowing tracking of furniture, equipment, computers, life safety systems, artwork and any other physical asset using unique identifiers RFID tags.

Maintenance Management:

Linked as-built model to planned maintenance regimes through a web service. Job descriptions and specifications can be extracted together with model views which can be mailed directly to maintenance contractors.

BIM for FM - Drivers

Around the world government clients are increasingly mandating BIM on state construction projects.

Why?

To drive increased productivity and operational efficiency in the construction industry including in the facilities management domain.

To leverage the value of digital asset information.

Demand for delivery of specific strategic asset information to be represented in a structured, open format.

Push & Pull of BIM Implementation – UK Model v1.0 (Hooper, 2010)

+ Government Mandate: Government client to issue specific and consistant information delivery demands.

PULL PUSH

+ Supply-chain: Industry supply-chain to enable all players to reach minimum BIM maturity.

The BIM Train

BIM for FM - Drivers “Government as a client can derive significant improvements in cost, value and carbon performance through the use of open sharable asset information”.[1]

The FM data they wish to capture be:

Valuable Understandable General Non-proprietary Competitive Open Verifiable Compliant

[1] UK Government Cabinet Office (2011), The UK Government Construction Strategy, London: The Cabinet Office.

BIM for FM: BIM-Info Delivery & Uses v1.0 (Hooper, 2013)

Facilities Management Output / Activities

Space management Strategic planning Asset management Maintenance management

MVD / COBie Content Merge / Filter

Tenant / Occupant Interface

Validation

Supply Chain BIM Input / Bi-product of Design & Construction Output

Sender: Quality Controlled Receiver: System-Ready BIM-Info

Arch Struct MEP

Contractors

Suppliers

O&M Contractors Interface

FM Tool

BIM for FM: BIM-Info Delivery & Uses

O&M: The Hidden Planet v1.0 (Hooper, 2013)

Operation &

Maintenance Construction Design

Lifecycle View Year 1 Year X

FM Handover

MVD

COBie

COBie

Benefits of working in a BIM Mode

Client / Owner:

Higher quality to lower cost More efficient methods of managing requirements Flexible and more efficient processes Time analysis and construction sequence optimisation Better control of quantitative goals (costs, energy use, lifecycle costs) Cumulative data direct to facility administrators


Design Consultants:

Means to efficient communication – eg. aligning client requirements Automatic checking – eg. meeting quality and cost objectives. More efficient means of communication and coordination with other

disciplines. nD analysis and optimisation from client key requirements, lifecycle

perspective and sustainable development. Simpler management of alternative solutions and efficient

evaluation of options. More effective knowledge & information re-use. More effective document management. Simulation of technical systems, better validation for design. New business opportunities through leveraging the data asset.

Contractors:

Greater certainty in interpretation of design and contractual requirements.

More detailed and correctly specified design leading to:

Fewer changes through construction. Efficient logistics. Efficient construction planning and operations. New possibilities with prefabrication of components. New collaboration possibilities with fabricators & suppliers.

New business opportunities and internal value – eg collaboration with client, design consultants and facility managers.

Possibility to extract data directly for FM.


Consequences of BIM Integration of the construction industry – working culture,

attitudes and mindsets. Hard specification of design and design decisions made earlier. New business opportunities – collaboration extents, new services.

based on processes. Improved cooperation and increased collaboration possibilities. Reduced need of documentation. Need for BIM-Standards and guidance.

BIM Research Front

Key areas:

1: Adoption

(Inc. technology, people & process)

5: Business Benefits

BIM Scientific Articles

BIM Research front– Key Development Areas v1.0 (Hooper, 2012)

7: Integrated Digital Design Solutions

(IDDS)

8: Collaboration Hub

BIM Server

3: New roles &

responsibilities

6: Applications

3D / 4D / 5D / 6D / nD

2: buildingSmart

(IFC / IFD/ IDM / MVD)

4: Contracts /

Procurement / Collaboration

National Guidelines for BIM Development of Classification for BIM Co-ordination of information structure for BIM & GIS Delivery Specification with property set (validation) Format standards & their application Development & combination of IFC & LandXML Development & Application of BCF Concepts for digital info management in Standard Agreements (Inc. LOD) Development of concepts for digitial information management in

standard forms of agreement – AB04, ABT06, ABK09 & ABM 07. Public Procurement with requirements for BIM deliverables.

Current Research in BIM – A Focus on Standardisation Needs:

Reflections / Questions?

Thank you.!