Biology EOC Review NAME_______________________________________________________

Goal 1: Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry.

1.01 Identify biological problems and questions that can be answered through scientific

investigations.

1.02 Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions (create testable

hypotheses, identify variables, use a control or comparison group when appropriate, select

and use appropriate measurement tools, collect and record data, organize data into charts and

graphs, analyze and interpret data, communicate findings).

You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at which its gills open. The data is below.

Breathing rate Temperature 19/min 5 deg C

25/min 10 deg C

30/min 20 deg C

34/min 30 deg C 37/min 35 deg C

1. What is the independent variable? The dependent variable? p. 9

2. What happens to breathing rate with increase in Temp?

3. What would be a good control for this experiment?

4. How do you think the breathing rate was measured?

5. What do you think would happen if you raised the

temperature even more?

6. Why would it be a bad idea to do this?

1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models of biological phenomena using logic

and evidence to: explain observations, make inferences and predictions, explain the

relationship between evidence and explanation.

Bromothymol blue turns to bromothymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbon

dioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed in

separate test tubes, each containing water and bromothymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed to

light turned blue.

1. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

2. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

3. What is the control for this experiment?

4. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants take in ______________

_________________.

1.

Biology EOC Review

1.04 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field studies. (Recognize and avoid potential

hazards, safely manipulate materials and equipment needed for scientific investigations.)

1.Label the microscope. p. 1070

2. How do you determine total magnification of

a microscope? (Assume the eyepiece magnifies 10 x and the objective magnifies 40 x)

3. Draw how the letter “e” would look as view

through a microscope?

4. What kind of care must be taken when working with bacteria?

5. Why must care be used when working with bacteria?

6. What are the issues surrounding the use of animals for research?

1.05 Analyze reports of scientific investigations from an informed scientifically literate viewpoint

including considerations of: appropriate sample, adequacy of experimental controls,

replication of findings, and alternative interpretations of the data.

Goal 2: Learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life.

2.01 Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic

molecules: P. 44-48

Macromolecules Function Subunits / Monomer

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

2.

Biology EOC Review

Specific Molecule Function Type of Organic

compound

Starch

Cellulose

Insulin

Glycogen

Glucose

Enzymes

Hemoglobin

Fats

DNA

RNA

Describe the following nutrient tests:

Nutrient Type of Test Negative Test Positive Test

Starch

Lipids

Monosaccharides

Simple Sugars

Protein

2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including cell organelles, cell

specialization, and communication among cells within an organism. Ch. 7 p. 169-193

Fill in this chart. Also give the letter or number of the part as seen in the diagrams below.

Cell Part and Letter Structure Description Function

Nucleus

Plasma Membrane

Cell wall

Mitochondria

3.

Biology EOC Review

Vacuoles

Chloroplasts

Ribosomes

1. Which cell is the plant cell (left or right)?

2. Which structures are found only in the plant cell? 3. Which structures are found only in the animal cell?

4. Put the following in order from smallest to largest: p. 192

Organ systems Cells Organs Tissues

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Below are a variety of cells from the human body. Use the index of your book to look them up.

1. Which cell is adapted for movement? What structure

makes this movement possible? What organelle is very

plentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy for

movement?

2. What is the function of the Red Blood cell?

3. Which cell is involved in the immune system?

4. Which cell helps in movement of bones?

5. Which cell is adapted for transmitting messages?

4.

Biology EOC Review Hormones: p. 997-1002

1. What structures produce hormones?

2. How do hormones travel throughout a body?

3. What is the function of hormones?

The diagram below shows many proteins and other molecules embedded in a cell membrane. p. 182

1. What is the cell membrane made up of?

2. What are some of the functions of these proteins and other molecules?

3. Why is it described as selectively permeable?

2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: maintenance of homeostasis,

movement of materials into and out of cells, and energy use and release in biochemical reactions.

p. 182-189

1. Explain what has happened in the diagram to the left.

2. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?

3. How is the semi-permeable membrane like a cell membrane?

4. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the

starch concentration greatest (left or right)?

5. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?

6. In osmosis, water moves from an area of __________ to an area of _________ concentration.

5.

Biology EOC Review 7. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?

8. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ________ to an area of ________ concentration.

9. What is osmotic pressure?

10.Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:

a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.

b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.

11. What is homeostasis?

12. How do cells maintain homeostasis: Consider pH, temperature, blood glucose, water balance

Comparison of active and passive transport p. 182-189

PASSIVE TRANPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Requires energy?

Low to high concentration or

high to low concentration?

Examples

Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction.

This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.

6.

Biology EOC Review

Type of Solutions

Diffusion and Osmosis are both types of __________________ TRANSPORT - that is, no energy is

required for the molecules to move into or out of the cell.

Sometimes, large molecules cannot cross the plasma membrane, and are "helped" across by _________.

This process, which uses proteins and ATP is called __________________ ___________________.

7.

Biology EOC Review Energy p. 201-203 Use the following diagram – label where energy is released and where energy is used. Also use arrows

on the lines attached to the circles to indicate if energy is going in or out.

1. What cellular process produces ATP?

2. What is ATP energy used for? Give examples.

3. How do we get energy from ATP?

2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: aerobic respiration, anaerobic

respiration, and photosynthesis. p. 204-225

Label the following molecules in these equations (water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol)

A)

B)

C)

1. Which of the above reactions is photosynthesis? 2. Which of the above reactions is fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)?

3. Which of the above reactions is cellular respiration (aerobic)?

4. Which reaction requires chlorophyll? What is the purpose of the chlorophyll? 5. Which reaction requires light? What is the light used for?

6. Which organisms carry out process A? Plants / Animals / or Both

7. Which organisms carry out process B? Plants / Animals / or Both

8. Which organisms carry out process C? 9. Which process uses chloroplasts in eukaryotes?

10. Which process uses mitochondria in eukaryotes?

11. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process A? 12. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process B?

13. Label the missing parts in Photosynthesis:

14. What type of organisms perform aerobic cellular respiration?

15. Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell? 8.

Biology EOC Review

16. What cellular process produces ATP more

efficiently? Is this process anaerobic or aerobic?

2.04 Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance

in biological systems. p. 49-53

1. Does the enzyme or substrate change shape? 2. What 2 conditions cause enzymes to become denatured (change shape)? 3. Enzymes are types of what organic compound? 4. Why is the enzyme-substrate complex compared to a lock and key? 5. Why can enzymes be used over and over again?

9.

Biology EOC Review 6. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems? Why are they necessary for all biochemical

reactions?

7. Why is there only one kind of enzyme for each biochemical reaction?

Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of

organisms over time.

3.01: Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication, Protein Synthesis

(transcription and translation), and gene regulation. p. 286-312

Below is a strand of DNA. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix –

1. Circle one nucleotide. What 3 pieces is it made up of?

2. What are the black pentagons? What are the nitrogen bases?

_____ _____ _____ ____ _____ _____

3. Fill in the blanks with the complimentary DNA bases.

4. If a strand of DNA undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?

DNA = G A C T G A mRNA =

tRNA =

Label the summary of protein synthesis diagrammed below:

DNA

Transcription

mRNA

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

mRNA

tRNA

Ribosome

Anticodon

Codon

Amino Acid

Polypeptide Chain /

Protein

Nuclear Membrane

rRNA

Translation

10.

Biology EOC Review

5. After translation, what would the amino acid

sequence be for the section of mRNA above? (read from right to left)

6. What is a codon?

What is an anti-codon?

7. Compare RNA and DNA in the following table

RNA DNA

Sugars

Bases

Strands 1

or 2

Where

In Cell

Function

8. What kinds of bonds hold the amino acids together in the protein that is formed?

9. What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions?

1) 2)

3)

10. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together between the nitrogen bases?

11. Why is it important that these bonds be weak?

12. What happens to DNA when a mutation occurs?

13. How does this affect the mRNA?

14. How can this affect translation?

15. How does this affect the structure and shape of the resulting protein?

16. Where in the cell does transcription occur?

17. Where in the cell does translation occur?

11.

Biology EOC Review Cell Cycle: p. 244-253

1. Look at the diagram of the cell cycle.

When does the replication of DNA occur? What is this phase called?

2. What do GI and G2 represent?

3. Does mitosis include cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)?

Gene Expression and Regulation p. 309-312

1. If all the cells in an organism (cells with nuclei) have the same DNA, explain, in terms of genes, how a

nerve cell functions differently from a muscle cell.

2. Why does a pancreas cell produce insulin in great amounts but a blood cells does not?

3. There are advantages and disadvantages to the overproduction of proteins by a cell. Describe the

advantages and disadvantages for an injured cell.

4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages in a cancerous cell.

3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction.

MITOSIS p. 246-248 MEIOSIS p. 275-278

Type of reproduction

(Asexual or sexual)

Chromosome number of mother

cell (1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)

Chromosome number of

daughter cells (1N=haploid or

2N=diploid)

Number of cell divisions

Number of cells produced

When does replication happen?

SOURCES OF VARIATION

Yes or No Yes or No

Crossing over

Random assortment of

chromosomes

Gene mutations

Nondisjunction

fertilization

12.

Biology EOC Review Label the following stages of mitosis (cell division). Put the letters in order starting with interphase.

What type of cell is this Plant or animal and how do you know?

3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance: (dominant, recessive and intermediate traits,

multiple alleles, polygenic traits, sex-linked traits, independent assortment, test cross, pedigrees,

and Punnett squares)

1. In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the genotype for the parents. p. 263-274

2. Give the phenotype for the parents.

3. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

4. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?

5. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

6. What environmental factors might affect the expression of these genes for height? Explain.

7. Some genes produce intermediate phenotypes. Cross a pure breeding red flower (RR) with a pure

breeding white flower (WW). Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. p. 272-273

Explain the inheritance of the following disorders: p. 341-346 (autosomal dominant? Autosomal recessive? Sex-linked dominant? Sex-linked recessive?)

Sickle cell anemia: Color-blindness:

Cystic fibrosis: Hemophilia:

Huntington Disease: PKU:

13.

Biology EOC Review

Blood type p. 344-345

1. If a woman with type A blood has a child with a man with type B blood and their first child has type O

blood, give the genotypes of the woman and the man and do the cross. (Alleles are IA, I

B, and i)

2. What are the odds that they will have a child with type O blood again?

3. What are the odds that they will have a child with homozygous type A blood?

4. What are the odds that they will have a child with type AB blood?

5. A blood test is done to see if one of three men is the father of a child. The child has type O blood, the

mother has type A blood. Man #1 has type AB blood, Man #2 has type A blood, Man #3 has type O

blood. Are there any men that can be ruled out as the father. Explain.

Polygenic traits p. 395-396 1. Some traits are considered to be polygenic. What does this mean?

2. What is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?

Sex Chromosomes p. 341-342, 350--352

1. What are the male sex chromosomes in humans?

2. What are the female sex chromosomes in humans?

3. Colorblindness and hemophilia are sex-linked traits. What chromosome are these genes found

on? 4. What are the 3 possible female genotypes? ________ _________ _________

Phenotypes ________ _________ _________

5. What are the 2 possible male genotypes? ________ __________ _________

Phenotypes? _________ __________ _________

6. Cross a female who is a carrier for hemophilia with a normal male.

7. What are the odds that they will have a child with hemophilia.

8. What are the odds that they will have a daughter with hemophilia?

9. What are the odds that they will have a daughter who is a carrier for hemophilia?

10. Why are males more likely to show a sex-linked disorder?

14.

Biology EOC Review Karyotype p. 341, 352-353

1. What is the gender of the person whose karyotype is shown to the left?

2. What is the disorder that this person

has? What is your evidence?

3. What are some of the characteristics

of this disorder?

4. What caused this type of

disorder?

Pedigrees p. 342-343

1. Is the inheritance pattern shown by this

pedigree dominant or recessive?

2. How do you know?

3. Using A,a, what is the genotype of person II 4.

4. What is the genotype of person I 3?

Test Cross p. 263-280

Describe the test cross that a farmer would use to determine the genotype of an animal that shows a dominant trait. Use the following Punnett squares and the letters A and a to explain your answer.

Mendel’s Laws p. 263-280

Explain each of Mendel’s Laws and explain the experiments he used to determine these laws. 1. Law of segregation of characters (alleles)

2. Law of independent assortment (of alleles)

3. How does meiosis lead to segregation and independent assortment?

15.

Biology EOC Review 4. A problem to solve:

In the P1 generation a homozygous dominant brown mink crossed with a homozygous recessive

silverblue mink produced all brown heterozygous offspring. When these F1 heterozygous minks were

crossed among themselves they produced 47 brown animals and 15 silverblue animals (F2 generation). Determine all the genotypes and phenotypes, and their relative ratios, in the F1 and F2 generations.

3.04 Assess the impacts of genomics on individuals and society (Human genome project and

applications of biotechnology)

1. What were the goals of the human genome project? p. 357- 358

2. What are 2 scientific uses of the human genome project? p. 357-360

To the left is an electrophoresis gel, showing evidence from a

rape case. p. 322- 326, 356-357

3. Could the defendant be the rapist? Explain your

answer.

4. Which fragments of DNA are the longest? Explain

5. What other ways can DNA fingerprinting be useful?

16.

Biology EOC Review Transgenic organisms: p. 327-332

1. What are transgenic organisms?

2. What is the value of this technology in agriculture?

3. What is the value of this type of technology in the pharmaceutical industry?

Stem Cells p.253

1. The diagram to the right shows how stem

cells can develop into many types of

different cells. What are some of the potential benefits that could come from the

growing of stem cells in a laboratory?

2. What are some of the ethical issues

surrounding the collection and use of stem

cells?

17.

Biology EOC Review 3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including:

development of the theory, the origin and history of life, fossil and biochemical evidence,

mechanisms of evolution, and applications (pesticide and antibiotic resistance).

In the following chart, describe the role of each of the following in developing the current theory of

evolution.

How this supports the evolutionary theory:

Understanding of geology

(Changes in the earth) p. 374

Understanding that the earth _____________ over time explains

why organisms might change to ________ the new environments.

Malthus’ ideas about population Growth p. 374

Organisms reproduce exponentially but the world is not overcrowded by organisms – because they ___________ to survive

Embryological Similarities p. 385

Similar anatomy early in development suggests similar

_______________.

Patterns in fossil evidence p. 417

Following the patterns and aging the fossils suggests _______________________ trees.

Homologous Structures p. 384

Similar anatomy suggests _________________ ancestry

Biochemical comparisons (DNA and proteins) p. 394

Similar DNA and/or proteins suggests similar ________________

The role of variations p. 380, 407

Variations provide the fuel for _______________

________________. Those variations that are advantageous are

selected for; survive and are passed on.

The role of sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction is a source of ___________________.

The role of geographic isolation

p. 380, 407

Geographic isolation can lead to ____________________ when

organisms are evolving in two different environments.

The importance of the

environment

Environments _________________ for the adaptations that best

suit the organisms for survival in that environment.

Discuss the steps in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 1. Populations of organisms have many genetic variations. Where do these come from? p. 394

2. Organisms could reproduce exponentially but they don’t. Why not? p.380

3. Genetic variations lead to different adaptations. What are adaptations? p. 380

4. Some adaptations have better survival value in certain environments. What does this mean? p. 380

5. Those organisms with adaptations that better fit them to an environment will survive, reproduce and

pass on their genes. What does it mean to be “fit” to an environment? p. 380

6. The next population will have a high frequency of the genes that have been selected for. Why will the

frequency of selected genes increase? p. 394

7. When this process continues over millions of years, it can lead to speciation. What is speciation?

p.404

8. Describe how a population of bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic (or an insect to a pesticide)

using the steps listed above. p. 403

9. What are the differences between abiogenesis and biogenesis? p. 8-13

18.

Biology EOC Review 10. What did Louis Pasteur contribute to our understanding of the origins of life? p. 12-13

11.Explain Miller and Urey’s hypothesis. p.424

12. Why did Miller and Urey put those particular gases

into their experiment? p. 424

13. What type of organic molecules did they find? p. 424

14. What is the significance of their experiments? p. 424

15. Most hypotheses state that prokaryotic anaerobes

probably evolved first. Why? p.426-428

16. The hypotheses then suggest that prokaryotic

autotrophs probably evolved? Why? p.426-428

17. What would enter the atmosphere as a result of these autotrophs appearing. p. 426

18. Then prokaryotic aerobic heterotrophs could evolve. What can these cells do that others before them

cannot? p. 426-428

19. What is the hypothesis explaining how eukaryotic cells evolved? p.426-428

Goal 4: Learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life.

4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships.

(Historical development and changing nature of classification systems, similarities and differences

between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, similarities and differences among the eukaryotic

kingdoms, classifying organisms using a key)

1. Draw figure 18-11 that explains how the organization of the kingdoms and domains have changed over

time. p. 458

Changing Number of Kingdoms

First

Introduced Names of Kingdoms

1700s

Late 1800s

1950s

1990s

19.

Biology EOC Review

2. Who came up with the first 2 Kingdoms and what were they? p. 457

3. What is the current seven-level classification system? p. 450

4. What is binomial nomenclature?

5. How are DNA and biochemical analysis, embryology, and morphology used to classify organisms? p. 452-455

6. Similarities in the evidence above proves that organisms share a ______________ ________________.

7. To the left is a phylogenetic tree of some organisms. According to this tree, which pairs

of organisms are most closely related? P.460

8. Which organism is most closely related to the

rayfinned fish?

8. Which organisms are the mammals most

closely related to?

10. Organisms that are close to each other show

_________________ _________________. 11. Which would be the most primitive organism?

20.

Biology EOC Review

Fill in the following chart with the characteristics of the various kingdoms. P. 459

Domain

Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Eukaryotic or

prokaryotic

Multicellular

or single-celled

Sexual or

asexual

reproduction

Autotrophic

or

heterotrophic

Aerobic or anaerobic

Cell walls or

no cell walls

Examples

What are some differences between the bacteria and the archaea? P. 459

Use the following key to identify the tree branch to the left.

1. a. leaf is needle-like….go to 2

b. leaf is broad……… go to 5

2. a. needles are short ....go to 3

b. needles are long…...go to 4

3. a. underside of needles green…hemlock

b. underside of needles silver ..balsam

4. a. 3 needles in bundle….pitch pine

b. 5 needles in bundle….white pine

5. a. edge of leaf round.go to 6

b. edge of leaf serrated…go to 7

6. a. minty odor…… wintergreen

b. no minty odor…..laurel

21.

Biology EOC Review 4.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish

essential life functions including………….

Fill in the charts below showing how various groups of organisms accomplish the life functions

listed.

Protists Ch. 20 Annelids p. 694-699 Insects p. 726-733

Transport of materials

Circulatory System ? Open or Closed ?

Diffusion 5 contractile “hearts”;

mostly ___________ system

Dorsal heart; open

circulation

Excretion – How is

Waste Removed?

Diffusion Paired nephridia – each

segments

______________

tubules; empty into digestive

Respiration – How do

They get Oxygen?

Diffusion Mainly diffusion ______________ along

side of body to allow

oxygen in

Regulation /

Maintain Homeostasis

Contractile

______________, etc.

Small brain; ventral

nerve cord; sense organs

Brain; ventral nerve

cord; eyes, antennae

Growth and Development

Just cell growth Eggs in cocoons – hatch as small worms

___________________ (egg, larva, pupa, adult)

Examples

Amphibians p. 782-789 Mammals p. 821-832

Transport of materials

Circulatory System?

Open or Closed?

3 chambered heart; ____________

system

_______________________ heart;

closed system – veins, arteries,

capillaries

Excretion – How is Waste Removed?

Kidneys – empty into cloaca _________________ with ureter, urethra, bladder

Respiration – How do They get Oxygen?

Lungs or gills, also through ________

_____________ with trachea, bronchiole tubes; air sacs

Regulation /

Maintain Homeostasis

Internal ears, vocal sac; some

poison glands

_______________ and complex

nervous system with brain

Growth and

development

Egg, _______________, adult Baby continues to develop after birth;

varies with species

Examples

22.

Biology EOC Review

Non-vascular Plants

p. 551-559

Gymnosperms

p. 564-568

Angiosperms

p. 569-572

Transport of materials

Vascular Tissue??

Size – Small or Large

Leaves ?

What Type?

Location – Near water Or not?

Seeds or Spores

Is water required for

reproduction?

How are spores or

seeds dispersed?

Examples

Compare the following two types of cells. p. 173

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Membrane-bound organelles

Ribosomes

Types of chromosomes

size

Examples

4.03 Assess, describe and explain adaptations affecting survival and reproductive success

(structural adaptations in plants and animals, disease-causing viruses and microorganisms,

co-evolution)

Label the following parts on the flower and give their

functions: p. 612

Stigma, style, ovary, petal, sepal, anther, filament

23.

Biology EOC Review 1. What is the purpose of stomata?

2. What is the purpose of guard cells?

3. On the leaf cross-section diagram to the right, label a stomata and the area of the leaf specialized for photosynthesis (think

about where sunlight hits the plant).

Fill in the following charts with the information required.

Feeding Adaptations

Protists p. 501

Gullets and cilia to get foot into gullet; or pseudopods to surround the food;

________- movement for catching food; trichocysts to subdue food. Also diffusion

Annelid worms p. 695

Muscles to move around; tentacles; engulf _________; filter feeding; predators

Insects

p. 728

Specialized appendages for eating and palpating; sucking, lapping, etc. Wings and

legs for hopping and flying after food.

Amphibians p. 784

Tongue that flings out to traps insects; hopping legs, fast swimmers

Mammals

p. 822-823

Claws, large ____________ for grinding;

Reproduction Adaptations Adaptations to life on Land

Protists

p. 502

Asexual and sexual; join together

to mate – swimming forms of cells

Annelid worms p. 696

In some both sexes in one organism; clitellum for mating;

hard cover - egg

____________ for moving; eating soil – filtering to get nutrients; muscles to move

Insects

p. 729

Ovipositors; internal fertilization

(and external); eat male after mating

Hopping legs; spiracles to get oxygen from

air;

Amphibians

p. 786

_______________ fertilization in

water; amplexus;

Legs to hop; live near water; lungs to breathe

air;

Mammals p. 826

Uterus for baby to grow – _____________ fertilization

Legs, wings, for getting around; fur to keep warm; skin that won’t lose water.

Non-vascular

plants p. 557-588

Gametophytes, sperm that swim in

___________ when it rains.

Rhizoids to absorb water, live where it is

__________ and ___________ to ground

Gymnosperms p. 564

________, seeds, pollen, seeds that can travel in the _____________.

Phloem/xylem, roots, _____________ to prevent water loss

Angiosperms

p. 569

___________, buds, petals, pollen,

nectar to attract _______________

Phloem/xylem, roots, _____________ to

prevent water loss

Viruses: 1. Describe the basic structure of a virus. P. 479

2. Explain how mutations in viruses and microorganisms that cause disease (bacteria) affect their

treatment? P. 287-288

3. How do they treat a viral infection versus a bacterial infection? P. 486 and 488

24.

Biology EOC Review 4. Complete the chart for the following diseases.

Type of pathogen:

Virus or Bacteria

Treatment with: antibiotics or immune system

HIV p. 489

Influenza

p. 489

Smallpox p. 489

Streptococcus

(Strep Throat) p. 486

Sinus Infection

1. What is meant by coevolution? P. 437-438

2. Give an example of a flowering plant and a pollinator and describe how coevolution works? P. 437-438

4.04 Analyze and explain the interactive role of internal and external factors in health and disease

(genetics, immune response, nutrition, parasites, and toxins)

1. Explain the relationship between sickle cell anemia and malaria. P. 347

2. Explain the relationship between lung and mouth cancer and tobacco use. P. 962-963

3. Explain the relationship between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure. P. 974-975

4. Explain the relationship between diabetes, diet/exercise, and genetics. P. 1007-1008

5. Explain the relationship between PKU and diet. P. 345

25.

Biology EOC Review Immune Response p. 1036-1042

1.What is the function of helper T-cells? p. 1040

2. What is the function of killer T-cells? p. 1040

3. What is the function of cytotoxic T-cells? p. 1040

4. What do B cells produce? P. 1038

5. What are antigens? p. 1038-1039

6. What kinds of cells keep you from becoming reinfected? P. 1038

7. What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity? P. 1041

8. Explain what vaccines do to the immune system. p. 486

Health and Nutrition p. 976 1. What type of diet contributes to optimal health?

2. What type of diet contributes to obesity?

3. What type of diet contributes to malnutrition?

4. What happens when someone is deficient in Vitamin C? p. 974-975 Vitamin D?

Vitamin A?

26.

Biology EOC Review Parasites (Malaria) p. 503

1. Describe the life cycle of the malarial parasite.

3. What is the vector?

4. What are the symptoms?

5. What are the treatments?

Environmental Toxins

1. Explain the effects on human health of:

Lead:

Mercury:

4.05 Analyze the broad patterns of animal behavior as adaptations to the environment.

Type of Behavior Innate or Learned? p. 873 Description of Behavior

Suckling

p. 873

Insects moving

away or toward

light p. 872

Migration

p. 878

Estivation

Hibernation

Habituation

p. 874

Imprinting

p. 876

Classical

conditioning

p. 874

Trial and error p. 875

Communication using pheromones

p. 882

27.

Biology EOC Review

Courtship dances p. 879

Territoriality p. 881

Social Behavior

p. 880

Goal 5: Learner will develop an understanding of the ecological relationships among

organisms.

5.01 Investigate and analyze the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities,

and ecosystems (techniques of field ecology, abiotic and biotic factors, carrying capacity)

In the following chart, explain the symbiotic relationships p. 93

Relationship Definition Example

Mutualism

p. 93

Commensalism

p. 93

Parasitism

p. 93

Predator-Prey p. 93

1. In the graph below, which organism is the prey? Which is the predator?

2. Which population increases first and why?

3. Which population increases second and why?

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

1. List at least 3 biotic factors in an environment. P. 90

2. List at least 3 abiotic factors in an environment. P. 90

3. Give examples of limiting factors that limit population growth and how they affect carrying capacity.

P. 124

28.

Biology EOC Review

Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time

1. What kind of growth curve is shown by the

graph to the right?

2. What is the carrying capacity for rabbits?

3. During what month were rabbits in

exponential growth?

Graph 2: Mexico and US p. 130-131

1. In Mexico, what percentage of the population is

between 0-4 years of age?

2. In the US?

3. Which population is growing the fastest?

4. Which age group has the smallest number in

both countries?

Graph 3: Human Population Graph

1. The graph to the left shows the growth of the

human population from 1 A.D. to 2000 A.D.

Describe what you see has happened.

2. Predict what will happen to population

growth in the future and explain your reasoning.

3. What factors influence birth and death rates?

4. What type of growth curve is this?

5. What type of organisms most commonly exhibits this growth pattern?

29.

Biology EOC Review

5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem (relationship of

the carbon cycle to photosynthesis and respiration and trophic levels – direction and

efficiency of energy transfer).

Carbon cycle Diagram p. 77

1. Which process(es) put carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? P. 77

2. Which process(es) take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere? P. 77

3. Explain the Greenhouse Effect in relationship to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. P. 87-88

4. What might result from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and what effect would it have on the

environment? P. 87-88

5. What effect do CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) have on the environment?

6. What cancer can result from increased UV (ultraviolet) radiation?

7. What is biological magnification (bioaccumulation)? 30.

Biology EOC Review

Food Webs p. 70

1. What are the producers / autotrophs in this food web?

2. What are the primary consumers (herbivores) in this food web?

3. What are the secondary consumers in this food web?

4. What are the highest level consumers in this food web?

5. What is a carnivore and give an example from the food web?

6. What is an omnivore and give an example from the food web?

7. Create an energy pyramid from the food chain: leavesinsectsbirdsredfoxbear P. 72

8. Where is the most energy in this pyramid? Where is the least energy?

9. What happens to energy as it moves through the food chain/web?

10. Assume there are 10,000 kcal of energy in the leaves? Estimate the amount of energy in each of the other levels of the energy pyramid.

31.

Biology EOC Review 9. What happens to matter as it moves through the food chain/web?

10. What is the ultimate source of energy for this food web?

5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments (historic

and potential changes in population, factors associated with those changes, climate change,

resource use, sustainable practices/stewardship).

Explain the effect each of the following may have on the environment.

Factor Effect on Environment

Population Size

p. 119

Population Density

p. 119

Resource Use

p. 144

Acid Rain

p. 148

Habitat Destruction

p. 151

Introduced non-native species

p. 153

Pesticide use (DDT)

p. 152

Deforestation p. 146

1. How do changes in human populations affect populations of other organisms? P. 140

2. What effect do volcanoes have on the atmosphere? P. 76-77

3. What are some examples of sustainable practices and stewardship that can protect the environment? P. 160

32.