Ex No: 9Histogram Equalization without using inbuilt functionclear;clc;I=imread('cameraman.tif');I=double(I);maximum_value=max((max(I)));[row col]=size(I);c=row*col;h=zeros(1,300);z=zeros(1,300);for n=1:row for m=1:col if I(n,m) == 0 I(n,m)=1; end endendfor n=1:row for m=1:col t = I(n,m); h(t) = h(t) + 1; endendpdf = h/c; cdf(1) = pdf(1); for x=2:maximum_value cdf(x) = pdf(x) + cdf(x-1); endnew = round(cdf * maximum_value);new= new + 1; for p=1:row for q=1:col temp=I(p,q); b(p,q)=new(temp); t=b(p,q); z(t)=z(t)+1; endendb=b-1; subplot(2,2,1);imshow(uint8(I)) , title(' Image1');subplot(2,2,2), bar(h) , title('Histogram of the Original Image'); subplot(2,2,3), imshow(uint8(b)) , title('Image2'); subplot(2,2,4), bar(z) , title('Histogram Equalisation of image2');

Histogram Equalization using inbuilt functionimg1=imread('cameraman.tif');equalised=histeq(img1);subplot(221);imshow(img1);title('Original Image');subplot(222);imhist(img1);title('Original Image Histogram');subplot(223);imshow(equalised);title('Equalised Image');subplot(224);imhist(equalised);title('Equalised Image Histogram');

OUTPUTHISTOGRAM Equalization WITHOUT INBUILT FUNCTION

HISTOGRAM Equalization WITH INBUILT FUNCTION

Ex 10Edge Detectionimg1=imread('cameraman.tif');img2=edge(img1,'canny');img3=edge(img1,'log');img4=edge(img1,'prewitt');img5=edge(img1,'roberts');img6=edge(img1,'sobel');img7=edge(img1,'zerocross');subplot(421);imshow(img1);title('original');subplot(422);imshow(img2);title('canny');subplot(423);imshow(img3);title('log');subplot(424);imshow(img4);title('prewitt');subplot(425);imshow(img5);title('roberts');subplot(426);imshow(img6);title('sobel');subplot(427);imshow(img7);title('zerocross');

OUTPUT:EDGE DETECTION

Ex 11FREQUENCY DOMAIN FILTERSButterworth Lowpass Filterclear;clc;img=imread('Coins.png');[X,Y]=size(img);N=input('Order of Filter=');x=ceil(X/2);y=ceil(Y/2);rad=26;for i=1:X for j=1:Y d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2); h(i,j)=1/(1+((d(i,j))/rad).^(2*N)); endendfft1=fftshift(fft2(img));fil=h.*fft1;fin=ifft2(fil);fin1=uint8(fin);subplot(221);imshow(img);title('Original');subplot(222);imshow(fin1);title('After LPF');subplot(223);surf(h);title('LPF in 3D');subplot(224);imshow(h);title('LPF as Image'); Butterworth High pass filterclear;clc;img=imread('Coins.png');[X,Y]=size(img);N=input('Order of Filter=');x=ceil(X/2);y=ceil(Y/2);rad=26;for i=1:X for j=1:Y d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2); h(i,j)=1-(1/(1+((d(i,j))/rad).^(2*N))); endendfft1=fftshift(fft2(img));fil=h.*fft1;fin=ifft2(fil);fin1=uint8(fin);subplot(221);imshow(img);title('Original');subplot(222);imshow(fin1);title('After HPF');subplot(223);surf(h);title('HPF in 3D');subplot(224);imshow(h);title('HPF as Image');

Ideal Low Pass Filterclear;clc;img=imread('Coins.png');[X,Y]=size(img);N=input('Order of Filter=');x=ceil(X/2);y=ceil(Y/2);rad=26;for i=1:X for j=1:Y d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2); if d(i,j)