10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGEEUROFORGEEUROFORGE10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUEUEU

EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New10 Years New10 Years New

EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New10 Years New10 Years New

10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUEUEU10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFORGE EUROFORGE EUROFORGE 10 Years New 10 Years New 10 Years New EUROFOREUROFOREUROFOR

10 Years New EUROFORGE

Erwin Peddinghaus

10 Years New EUROFORGE

Erwin Peddinghaus

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PROLOGUE:

EUROFORGE has had an eventful history. Its success has always been dependent on a few figures who have not only encouraged co-operation in their own national associations, but also looked over national borders and who have often been ahead of their time. In June 1953 a first meeting of national European forging associations – one could also call it a trial meeting – took place in Gleneagles (Scotland) on the initiative of the British association. (Germany, UK, France). This resulted in the start of the International Forging Congresses (IFC), which take place every three years. At the same time a closer co-operation between European trade associations began under the name EUROFORGE. At the beginning, technical standards, dictionaries for the forging industry and standards for important commercial and technical processes were developed or co-ordinated between the associations involved. In the statutes of 1961 it was agreed in London

to hold a meeting of the presidents of the national trade associations annually, and this was the starting point for a regular general exchange of ideas. Over the course of the years, because of the strong growth of national industries, EUROFORGE lost its dynamism. The presidents still met regularly for a general exchange of ideas, and their directors discussed in various established

Foundation of EUROFORGE, 9 November 1961 in Paris.

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committees the positions of the national associations and their member companies, but there was however a lack of direction and of an interesting EUROFORGE-specific discussion forum.In the 1990s the industrial world of the automotive industry and its suppliers changed. National markets became European or even global ones, which affected in particular production locations as well as the purchasing sources of the automotive industry - with 60 % by far the largest customer of the forging sector. Europe‘s markets were growing ever closer together, and as a result member companies were ever more often confronting their national associations with problems of a transnational nature. It was at this time that important member companies started pushing their national associations to create a pan-European platform for the exchange of ideas with their European competitors. There were many topics of mutual interest.

FOUNDATION OF THE NEW EUROFORGE:Following the presidents‘ meeting in Munich on 13.09.1998, the boards of the most important European associations took up the slogan “EUROFORGE needs to be re-founded”, and set up working groups. The individual associations compiled a profile of requirements for the New EUROFORGE. In autumn 1998 the IDS (Industrieverband Deutscher Schmieden e. V.), too, asked its board members for suggestions for a profile of requirements, activities and goals for a New EUROFORGE. In the following months a lot of hard work was done in many meetings. Slowly a vision came into being as to what organisational structure, aims and activities a modern “EUROFORGE” should have. These meetings took place in Düsseldorf and Stuttgart among other locations. At the meeting of presidents on the occasion of the 16th IFC in Beijing on 09.09.1999, the results of the working groups were presented and these later formed the basic framework for the organisation and activities of today‘s EUROFORGE. It is clear that every national association or director of such an association made

carefully sure that they did not lose any tasks, or indeed members, to EUROFORGE. Therefore it was important to establish that only national associations could be members, that EUROFORGE should have no staff of its own and that the national associations should take on key functions in the EUROFORGE organisation on an honorary basis. The budget was to be kept small and the allocation formula for the different countries involved was discussed intensively. But there was one particular reason for EUROFORGE to be founded speedily:In 2002 the 17th International Forging Congress (17th IFC) was to take place in Europe. No national association in Europe felt itself in a position to shoulder this on its own. Therefore the European participants suggested at an informal meeting of presidents of the European forging associations in Beijing on 09.09.1999 that EUROFORGE should organise the 2002 Congress in Germany.

Strong Partners in European countries in decentralized organizational structure.

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On top of this, the realisation came during the Beijing Congress that a platform for the large forging companies which supply the automotive industry was urgently needed, there being no national markets any longer. So 12 representatives of important European forging companies from Germany, France, the UK and Spain met to agree to found an Automotive Group within EUROFORGE. After this meeting the “foundation train” really started rolling. The next presidents‘ meeting took place in the Hotel Edouard VII in Paris on 1st December 1999, where crucial resolutions were prepared regarding the re-founding of EUROFORGE and its statutes. The different national cultures and interests had to be brought together in such a way that EUROFORGE would in future be able to function properly, whilst finding the unanimous agreement of the member associations. The following countries had over the course of the years become members: the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, Poland and the Czech Republic. It was therefore no mean task to bring 9 associations under one common roof. As well as language problems there were enormous problems of understanding and co-ordination, which could nevertheless, with a lot of persistence, patience and sensitivity, be solved before the founding meeting in Paris on 10.11.2000. The following points for an agreement found general acceptance: Goal: to retain forging companies as members in the EUROFORGE member associations and to gain new member companies through an attractive offer of association services. Strategy: co-operation between the national EUROFORGE member associations – each national association to take on a New EUROFORGE service. Organisation: 1 President , 2 Vice-Presidents, 1 General Secretary as the chairman of the Executive Committee, and a decentralised organisational structure with honorary commitment by the EUROFORGE members. A General Assembly was to take place annually, the working board of the directors of the national member

associations = Executive Committee = and important working groups such as the Automotive Group were to meet twice a year. Only national trade associations could be members; exceptions for countries without their own associations were to be possible. The budget of € 20,000 was fixed at the beginning, with a basic fee which was the same for all associations plus an additional charge dependent on the size of the respective national association. Assignments of the New EUROFORGE were to be taken on by staff and/or members of the member associations on an honorary basis. On 10th November 2000 in Paris the 1st General Assembly of the New EUROFORGE took place. The new statutes with the decentralised organisational structure were passed and the first draft budget was presented. Peter Sundström (Sweden) was elected as the first President, with Erwin Peddinghaus (Germany) and Dino Ruffatto (Italy) as Vice-Presidents and Dr. Theodor Lutz Tutmann (Germany) as Secretary General. The members of the Executive Board were also

Peter Sundström signs the EUROFORGE constitution act, 10 November 2000 in Paris.

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chosen – the directors of the national member associations. The first official meeting of the Executive Board took place the following day, when the special working groups were set up and their tasks defined. (Automotive Group, Open Die Forging Group, Technical Committee, Statistics, Communication). The Turkish forging company Parsan was given the task of establishing a national forging association in Turkey within 3 years. Until then Parsan would be accepted as an associated member. The preparations for the 17th IFC were advanced further in the Hotel ATALA in Paris on 9th November 2000, and the Maritim Hotel in Cologne was selected as the venue. The German association IDS under Lutz Tutmann had prepared a clear conception with respect to the time-frame and content of the Congress. A large financial risk for their associations was foreseen by the presidents of some associations, in particular by the French president Henri Latrasse, who could not understand how his German colleague, Dr. Manfred Hirschvogel, could be so optimistic. Dr. Hirschvogel was however to prove right. After a long discussion, the budget (at least 311 paying participants were needed to cover the costs), the programme and the organisational structure were approved, along with the tasks and the staffing of the organisation - (Peter Sundström/Lutz Tutmann) and of the Programme Committee (Erwin Peddinghaus). The plant visits following the congress were to be arranged by the national associations themselves in Spain, Sweden, the UK, Germany and the Czech Republic respectively. To finish with, Lutz Tutmann presented the New EUROFORGE Logo, which was approved unanimously .

The first meeting of the Executive Board in Cologne in 2001 served to lay down the following principles:“The basic objectives of EUROFORGE were concluded as follows: 1. The overall objective is to enlarge the activities of the national EUROFORGE member associations.

Other objectives are: 2. act as a forum of European forging companies for the exchange of experience and for discussing common problems. 3. be a representative body vis à vis the EU-Commission, suppliers and customers 4. to collect and defend the common interests of the industry. 5. to collect and provide information - evolution of technical and economic and environmental trends - statistics - benchmarking. 6. to promote the forging business.

The Czech association was given the responsibility for organising the Open Die Forging Group, the first budget was passed and it was decided that English would be EUROFORGE‘s official language. Rules for the 17th IFC were also agreed as well as the following:The staffing of the Organising Committee, how any profit or loss produced by the Congress should be divided up between members, the engagement of a professional organiser (Hinte Messe), co-operation with the METAV exhibition in Düsseldorf and rules for participation in plant visits.These were important prerequisites for the success of the Congress. Despite different national starting positions, good solutions were found and agreed upon.

EUROFORGE meetings are held in the countries of the various national associations, in towns or cities which have good transport connections, in order to bind the various national associations more into the work of EUROFORGE. The Automotive Group met in April 2001 in Varese (Italy) and a complete meeting of all committees took place in Brussels at the end of September 2001. Alongside the further development of production statistics, further fields of activity were sought for the EUROFORGE Technical Committee (ETC). A website for the time after the congress was necessary, as were rules for

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collaboration in the various committees. The work of the Automotive Group became more and more concentrated on topics affecting all member companies such as internet auctions, fair long-term delivery contracts, consignment stocks, customers’ terms and conditions of payment, sharing of tooling costs with customers, problems of steel procurement, etc.. The working procedures in the meetings were streamlined and placed on more shoulders. The Chairman – Erwin Peddinghaus – reached an agreement with the Chairman of the ETC, Juan-Carlos Gonzales, that technical questions should be dealt with in the ETC and commercial topics in the Automotive Group. Over the course of time an open, trustful working atmosphere developed, which is the basis for effective work. An intensive exchange of ideas between the representatives of the various member firms took place, also about matters outside the normal agenda. More than 25, and thus almost all important, independent European forging companies have become members of this working group over the years. This has then resulted in the national trade associations winning new members. After careful consideration, membership of EUROFORGE in the European automotive suppliers association (Clepa) was agreed and concluded in 2002. The 17th IFC was getting closer and so the spring meeting in Cologne on 23.04.2002 was the juncture when important decisions which had been taken concerning the 17th IFC Congress had to be scrutinised to see how far they had been realised - number of registrations, speakers for the opening speeches and for the technical presentations, the general programme, the organisation of the international final evening, the budget status, the Congress website, PR work and general advertising for the Congress. Parallel to this, an all-European Programme Committee had chosen the 24 technical topics to be dealt with and found the necessary speakers. In all this we had aimed high, and as is usual in such projects, we had not always been able to achieve our aims. A decisive factor for the financial success of the Congress was the generous area made available to the suppliers

of machinery for the forging industry. Nor should a grant from the federal state of North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW) be forgotten, which was used for the establishment of an information and communication forum for young engineers and college lecturers from the whole of Europe.

EUROFORGE MASTERS ITS FIRST BIG TEST - THE 17th IFC 2002 IN COLOGNE:The 17th IFC took place in the Maritim Hotel in Cologne on 6.-9. June 2002. 500 participants from 24 countries were thrilled by the wonderful surroundings – the hotel on the Rhine - and the interesting and varied programme. The personal atmosphere and the successful mixing of different nations during the evening events also made a big contribution. Most of the world‘s closed die forging companies are medium-sized and family-owned. The congress began with a visit to the METAV exhibition in Dusseldorf and with a social evening in the

Programme Committee members 17th. IFC 2002, Cologne.

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old town of Cologne. On 7th-8th June there followed the opening talks on the economic and technical development of the industry in various parts of the world – Europe – Asia – America together with 24 technical presentations on the future strategy of the branch. One evening there was the first ever meeting of national presidents and directors (world-wide) – called ForgeNET International – in the Stollwerk chocolate

museum. An excursion to Ahrweiler was also on the programme. During the Gala “International Evening” on the final day of the Congress, new friendships were made and old ones renewed. The bonds of the international forging family were strengthened by this Congress, which had a very personal note. The strategy, organisation and working methods of EUROFORGE as a continental trade association met with great appreciation and it has been regarded ever since as the representative of the European forgers. Directly following the Congress, more than 200 Congress participants visited one of 28 leading closed die forgers in 6 European countries (Germany, the UK, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the Czech Republic). These visits together also strengthened the friendships which had been made. During the Annual Assembly of EUROFORGE in Barcelona on 26th - 27th September 2002 all the Congress participants reported a very positive echo from the overseas visitors. The warm-hearted Congress atmosphere and the high standard of the individual events were both much praised. The budget surplus would be a good reserve for the further successful work of EUROFORGE and was a success for the work done by the congress organisers. The Secretary General of EUROFORGE – Dr. Lutz Tutmann – had played a great part in the success of this congress, while the directors of the national associations had supported him in his task in an outstanding manner. The President Peter Sundström as Chairman of the Organising Committee and Vice-President Erwin Peddinghaus as Chairman of the Programme Committee, together with Dr. Lutz Tutmann and their teams thanked the Annual General Assembly of EUROFORGE for all their efforts in making the 17th IFC congress in Cologne such a great success. Following this the President, Peter Sundström, gave his report for 2000–2002: EUROFORGE now had a clear structure and clearly-defined responsibilities, it had a presidency, a Secretary General, statutes and a budget. EUROFORGE was registered in Brussels as an international organisation. This made participation in EU-sponsored

ForgeNET International - the world-wide network for international contacts.

First ever meeting of ForgeNet International, 07 June 2002 at the chocolate museum, Cologne.

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projects possible for national associations or member companies. The individual EUROFORGE working groups reported on their successful work on new projects. The Open-Die Forging Group had negotiated intensively with the association “Verband Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute” (VDEh) about possible co-operation and were going to decide after a meeting in Paris in 2003 how to continue. EUROFORGE was to become a member of Clepa, in the Automotive Group a subgroup “Benchmarking Group” was to be formed under the leadership of Dr. Peter Hopp, a new international Benchmarking Project was to be started and there had been a long discussion about the membership of forges of large groups in the Automotive Group. In the same way special entry criteria were demanded for the admission of associated members from France (AFF). At the end of the Assembly in Barcelona Peter Sundström was re-elected as President and Erwin Peddinghaus as Vice-President, while Miguel Arrieta (Spain – SIFE) was elected as a new Vice-President. At the EUROFORGE Spring Meeting in March 2003 in Düsseldorf the first tendencies towards a world-wide shortage of steel scrap were appearing, caused by the beginning boom in the Asian steel industry, especially in China. Because of the need to meet the high scrap requirements of the many newly-installed electric steel furnaces, demand exploded. The forging companies found it difficult to sell this message to their automotive industry customers and this is why the development of prices for steel scrap in Europe came to be presented on the EUROFORGE website, updated on a monthly basis. The working group “Group Cost Management” was also able to prove itself. The Automotive Group with by now 22 companies elected Dr. Manfred Hirschvogel as its Deputy Chairman. The directors of the national associations reached agreement as to how the surplus from the 17th IFC in Cologne was to be used and tightened the internal rules for the admission of associate members. (An application for admission was made by the Slovenian forging company Unior). The

technical work-group ETC under its chairman Juan-Carlos Gonzales was still on the lookout for suitable projects. A new suggestion was to be debated in the national associations and a decision on the future of this working group taken the following year. The annual European energy cost comparison was to go on being assembled by the Spanish association SIFE. In September 2003 the Annual Assembly took place in Prague, for the first time in a Central European country. President Peter Sundström summed up the future role of EUROFORGE in a nutshell: “Concentrate on a few topics and ensure that EUROFORGE is moving in the right direction.” Finland became the 10th member of EUROFORGE. Unior was admitted as an associate member, the associate member Parsan was firmly reminded that a Turkish forging association should be founded within the next 12 months. Continual updating of the EUROFORGE website had made possible the linking of this Internet presence to those of the member associations. 26 firms took part in an international benchmarking project, including

EUROFORGE members on the Karl’s bridge in Prague, 19 September 2003.

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three from Japan. An enquiry by the Indian forging association (AIFI) concerning closer co-operation with an exchange of technical know-how largely met with reservation on the part of some member associations. The Automotive Group moved closer together in view of greater challenges with respect to the increasingly difficult situation concerning steel supplies in Europe. During the Spring Meeting in Paris in 2004 the Automotive Group was able to welcome 5 new members – four from Germany and one from France - and thus strengthen its position in the industry considerably. The important internal rules of the Automotive Group – there should be a good balance between “GIVING” and “TAKING” for all its members – were once again brought to the attention of all those present by the chairman - Erwin Peddinghaus. The problem area ”scrap” was intensifying and so it had become necessary to involve the EU Commission in order to gain the support of the European steel-processing industries. The purchasing executives of our OEM partners were also requested by the Secretary General in the name of EUROFORGE to deal fairly and objectively with the justified demands of their suppliers in connection with the

greatly increased material costs, and indeed to meet these demands. Alongside the normal projects – standardised delivery contracts, unfair instances in the market, market trends for 2004 – the next meeting of the Automotive Group was, as a result of the worsening raw material situation, planned for May 2004. In September 2004 Peter Sundström, after 4 years of successful work, passed on his office to Vice-President Miguel Arrieta from Spain. Peter Sundström had decided the strategy whilst gladly leaving the execution to his team. His motto – EUROFORGE should be an organisation shaped by its members and should regard these as customers – has proved its worth to this day. His warning not to get lost in detail and to behave fairly to one another had created a positive working atmosphere. As the “neutral president” he had completely fulfilled the trust placed in him as a mediator between the great European industrial nations. The Stockholm Assembly, which had been well prepared in Bilbao by the Secretary General and the president-elect, elected Miguel Arrieta as President – Jean-Louis Deguy from France as the new Vice-President - and Erwin Peddinghaus as the continuing one. The EUROFORGE Forum Central and Eastern Europe was initiated. The next Assembly was to take place in Brno in summer 2005, parallel with the International Automobile Exhibition, with the object of integrating the Central and East European forging companies into the EUROFORGE organisation. In the Automotive Group the founding of new sub-working groups for forging on Hatebur machines and for the forging of aluminium was suggested. The member associations were to check the possibilities for realising these suggestions. The ODWG (Open-Die Forging Working Group) will be discussed in a separate section of this report, as this group had slowly been taking shape without co-operation from the VDEh . In the meantime the situation on the steel and scrap supply front had come to a dramatic head. As a result, the Automotive Group met in May and again at the beginning of September 2004 in Frankfurt. The

Erwin Peddinghaus, Miguel Arrieta, Jean-Louis Deguy

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scrap surcharges of the German steel industry, together with the total scrap price, would from that point on be updated monthly on the EUROFORGE website, as more than 70% of all steel supplied to the West European forging industry comes from German steelworks. At the end of August 2004 the steel suppliers, without any prior warning, terminated all their supply contracts with immediate effect, and sent new contracts, with greatly worsened conditions for the forges, to be signed and returned immediately. Now scrap surcharges were demanded even by steelworks which did not use scrap for steel-making, and alloy surcharges for steel grades which had previously been considered as non-alloyed. For increasing the delivery quantities which had been planned with the steel industry for 2004, considerable surcharges were demanded. A certain amount of understanding for the mostly medium-sized German steelworks was shown by the members of this circle. Therefore great attention was paid to what contractual conditions the automotive industry‘s own in-house forges (DaimlerChrysler, VW, Ford, Peugeot, Renault) were able to achieve with the steelworks. This latter action led to a partial success and led to a strengthening of EUROFORGE‘s position as regards its member companies, the steelworks and their European customers. When concluding long-term contracts, it was noticeable that especially the US-owned automotive companies were making demands that were quite definitely in conflict with the national laws of individual countries. If suppliers were not willing to sign the new contracts, they would receive no further orders. At this point both Clepa and the VDA were called in, particularly as Tier 1 suppliers like Bosch and GKN had been resisting these unfair conditions. During 2005 steel remained scarce. Therefore all customers were asked very early on to register their requirements for 2005 by the end of the third quarter of 2004 because the steelworks were forecasting considerable shortages of capacity. In the middle of June 2004, Commissioner Pascal Lamy answered the EUROFORGE Secretary General´s letter and declared

the support of the EU in fighting for the world-wide unhindered import and export of steel scrap. All automotive customers received a letter from EUROFORGE with a plea for the maintenance of the value-creation chain. This letter forms an appendix to this brochure. The turbulent year 2004 ended with a meeting of the Automotive Group in Dusseldorf on 10.12., where the increases in material costs were analysed and the prospects for 2005 were examined. The price of scrap had doubled between 12.03. and 12.04. to 270 €/t and the base price had risen in April 2005 by 140 €/t, a total increase in material costs of 320 €/t. In 2005 a further increase in base prices was to be expected because of the tight supply situation. The companies achieved a partial success for both customers and suppliers, even though our customers tried with every trick in the book to avoid taking on the total costs, to settle invoices as late as possible and not to recognise current price increases. In the end the realisation prevailed that in spite of all this negative experience the relationship to our customers and to our steel suppliers should be improved. For this purpose, talks were to take place between those concerned at several levels.

Miguel Arrieta, Dr. Theodor L. Tutmann, Dr. h.c. Ing. Vratislav Kulhánek, Chairman of Supervisory Board of Skoda and President of the Czech Automotive association.

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In March 2005 the Executive Board Committee and the Automotive Group were guests in Krakow (Poland). The prospect of the 18th IFC in Nagoya (Japan) in April 2005 and the preparations for the EUROFORGE Forum Central & Eastern Europe in Brno in June 2005 (120 participants from 16 countries) were discussed. A working group for customer quality requirements was set up by the Automotive Group and it was with pleasure that we received the news of the founding of the Turkish forging association Dövsader. There were as a start 9 member companies. The 18th IFC in Nagoya (6.-12.4.2005) began with a visit to the World Exhibition in Aichi at the time of the Japanese cherry blossom. More than 700 visitors from 21 countries, over 100 of them from Europe, participated in these events.After hearing reports on the economic situation in Asia, America and Europe, 22 presentations during two days demonstrated the development of forging technology. Unfortunately there was a lack of presentations concerning forging practice, as the individual companies did not want to reveal their know-how. Analogously to EUROFORGE, the five largest East Asian national forging associations (China, Japan, India, Taiwan, South Korea) formed Asiaforge, which will in future represent this part of the world. The good idea of the meeting of all national forging presidents as ForgeNET International was also continued. Following the presentations and the gala dinner, on 10.–12.4. visits took place to 28 Japanese forges, whose cleanliness and automated production processes particularly impressed the visitors. Nevertheless, the Japanese forging companies are also subject to intensive cost pressure from their customers. The well-prepared EUROFORGE Forum in Brno unfortunately did not lead to any appreciable new connections to forging companies in this region. Trade associations as in Western and Central Europe do not exist in this region and there are therefore no discussion partners for the good idea of expanding EUROFORGE in this part of Europe. The 2005 General Assembly of EUROFORGE took place in Stresa on Lago Majore on

September. Lars Holmqvist as head of Clepa recommended the forges to collaborate in 5 working groups of the Clepa organisation (Brussels). The technical working group ETC ceased its work as a result of lack of interest on the part of the member associations. President Miguel Arrieta asked for support from EUROFORGE for the 19th IFC in Chicago in the form of interesting technical/commercial contributions. The 2006 General Assembly took place in Birmingham at the end of September. The Automotive Group published the alloy surcharges for the 6 most important steel grades on the EUROFORGE website. The participants of the Automotive Group reported on the enormous pressure on prices and for extension of payment terms from the side of the automotive industry. Cheap suppliers from the Far East were to be seen more and more often in the market. The year finished with a meeting of the EUROFORGE Presidency with the CEOs of the 3 largest German suppliers of steel to the Central European closed die forging industry. The atmosphere of the talks was good, but these gentlemen were not prepared to alter scrap price surcharges to unify them for the whole of Europe, nor to changing the rhythm of price adjustments to every three months, and were not ready to form a crisis management group steelworks/forging industry to deal with extreme market conditions. Therefore no further meetings of this kind took place.

ORGANISATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS REALIZEDAt the end of March 2006 the future member of EUROFORGE, the Turkish forging association Dövsader, invited EUROFORGE to hold their spring Automotive Group and Executive Board meeting in Istanbul, in a hotel superbly situated on the Bosporus. Alongside visits to the two largest closed die forgers in the Asiatic part of Istanbul and the usual meetings of the Automotive Group and of the Executive Committee, we very much enjoyed the generous hospitality of our Turkish forging friends. Especially impressive were the excursions to the old town of the Asiatic/European melting

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pot Istanbul (Constantinople). This assembly however also showed that EUROFORGE had to become more attractive for the member associations and for the member companies. The member associations had to be more involved in the preparation of important decisions. Also there needed to be sufficient time to discuss critical topics thoroughly. The danger that important, well-prepared decisions could merely be presented for a vote was preventing true commitment by the national member associations. As always in life, it is from time to time necessary to try a new orientation or to change course. The EUROFORGE Presidency and the leadership of the Automotive Group realised what the situation was and took action. As far as the Automotive Group was concerned, the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Secretary General agreed the following alterations at a meeting in May 2006: 1.) A maximum of 25 member companies with one fixed representative each to take part in meetings. 2.) Members of the Board, directors and presidents of member associations can also take part. 3.) 5-6 topics for discussion, to be submitted beforehand. 4.) Following this, 3 topics to be discussed in greater depth in small working groups for subsequent presentation to the whole forum. 5.) All members to receive the national statistics before the meetings. 6.) If required sub-groups can be set up. (Benchmarking & Strategy, Hatebur, etc.) In addition the rules for taking part were updated and declared binding. During a meeting of the Presidency with the Secretary General in Brussels in June 2006, which had been intensively prepared, measures for the integration of the national member associations were discussed in detail. It was emphasised that the Executive Board is EUROFORGE‘s “driving engine” decision-making body. All members

must be present at the meetings and must have prepared themselves in advance. Topics must be agreed well beforehand. Also more time had to be made available for debating important topics. The Presidency together with the Secretary General made the suggestion that the tasks of EUROFORGE, in agreement with the member associations, should be clearly laid down. They also made suggestions for the upcoming elections for the Presidency, the Executive Board and for the running of the General Members‘ Assembly to take place in Birmingham that September. New arrangements for splitting the costs of EUROFORGE Assemblies between the national organiser and EUROFORGE were decided, as were the time and location of the Assembly for 2007. It was important for the Presidency to develop a clear vision of its future tasks, so that these could be transferred to the Secretary General, the national directors and the working groups for their realisation. During the EUROFORGE General Assembly in Birmingham in 2006, Jean-Louis Deguy (France) was chosen as the new president, José Yudego, (Spain) as the new - and Erwin Peddinghaus as the experienced Vice-President. VP Peddinghaus, after 6 years in the job, handed over the chairmanship of the Automotive Group to his deputy, Dr. Manfred

Erwin Peddinghaus Jean-Louis Deguy José Yudego

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Hirschvogel. Some of the members of the Executive Board were elected or re-elected. Article 15 of the EUROFORGE statutes was altered as follows: “The Executive Board is composed of representatives of active national member associations.” The General Assembly approved all the changes suggested by the Board concerning the work of the Automotive Group and of the Executive Board. In order to make “Affiliated Membership” possible for the members of the Open-Die Forging Working Group (ODWG), Article 6.2 was incorporated in the statutes additionally. “Members of the EUROFORGE Open Die Working Group may get an affiliate member status on terms which the Executive Board considers appropriate for the companies.” The official admission of the Turkish forging association Dövsader took place and the national president Orhan Metin was thanked for his work of persuasion in founding this association. The outgoing EUROFORGE President Miguel Arrieta was thanked for all the work he had done for the ongoing development of EUROFORGE and for the more intensive inclusion of the smaller national associations in the decision-making circles. As a result of the sale of their share in the Sidenor steelworks, the Arrieta family had also had to give up their interests in several Spanish forges. The General Assembly chose Seville as the venue for the 2007 Spring meetings and Nice for the General Assembly in autumn. At the meeting in Seville, the Automotive Group successfully introduced the altered working structure with the division of the round-table discussions into three small working groups dealt with the topics – know-how protection – cost developments – the purchase of steel from Central and Eastern Europe and Asia. Analyses of the closed die forging industries in South Korea, in Poland and the Czech Republic were presented. The German association (IMU) presented an analysis of the cost structures in Indian forges, where participants were surprised by the high costs of transport and energy in India. The local cost advantage there is only about 10 – 15%. The

entry rules for the Benchmarking and Strategy working group were approved in Nice. José Antonio Ros (Spain) was elected as Vice-Chairman of the Automotive Group. Lutz Tutmann had written to the European steelworks on behalf of EUROFORGE on the topic of fair relations between each other. The Confidentiality Contract and the EUROFORGE Energy Index were published on the website. Huge increases in energy prices, the demand for price reductions on the part of OEMs as a result of cheap offers from low-wage-cost countries and demands for “entrance fees” by OEMs for the receipt of new orders were all increasing the pressure on the cost margins of our member firms enormously. The members of the Executive Board reported on the main points of strategic emphasis of their associations. The General Secretary reminded the participants of the role and aims of the Executive Board and that deputies had to be nominated in case the elected representatives in this body were unable to participate. The ODWG now had 18 members and was working very successfully with a main focus on marketing. Dr. Peter Hopp would examine whether a sub-group should be set up for the aluminium forges. The establishment of a sub-group for the smaller forges with wide-ranging production did not find a positive echo in the member associations. There were too few areas of common interest. For the 19th IFC in 2008 in Chicago, VP Peddinghaus had assembled four technical presentations from Germany and one from France.At the General Assembly meeting on 20.-21.09.2007 in Nice, Charlie Hageman and VP Jim Link were present as representatives of the North-American forging association (FIA), to report on the preparations for the 19th IFC in Chicago. In the Automotive Group the steel price increases played the main role. For 2008 a further 8-10 % rise was to be expected as a result of increased prices for iron ore and for energy. The setting up of a working group for Hatebur users was approved. So far 8 member companies had indicated interest, to exchange experience on the topics – stocking of spare parts, changeovers, maintenance,

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tool lives, cooling systems etc.. EUROFORGE was to issue a press statement with the title “The supply chain must not break – forging industry is facing further strong cost increases”. During the Executive Board meeting, the new director of the French association (AFF), Jean-Luc Brillanceau, was introduced. In order to make cost savings, the AFF had now amalgamated with the French foundry association. For EUROFORGE this was not a good solution. The presentation “EUROFORGE – Member Benchmarking” was discussed, with the result that some parts of the presentation would be put together in the form of a questionnaire and made available to the member associations for consideration. Then the FIA reported on the status of the preparations for the 19th IFC in Chicago. The 2008 EUROFORGE General Assembly would take place in Chicago during the course of the congress. The 2008 International Forgemasters Meeting (IFMM) took place in November 2008 in Santander (Spain). The suggested benchmarking for small and medium-sized member companies found no interest from these. The work of the Automotive Group in 2008 was concentrated on general market developments which the huge decline in orders for the fourth quarter had brought as a result of the starting recession in 2009. In particular, sudden reductions in call-off schedules on the part of OEM customers created great cash flow difficulties for many forges. The steel market unfortunately did not quieten down until the fourth quarter of 2008 as a result of the drastically altered market situation. In the first half of the year 2008 scrap prices climbed to well above 400 €/t – an all-time high. Our forging companies purchase more than 90 % of their steel requirements in Europe, as quality, price and great flexibility of supply provide advantages over trading on the overseas spot market. The energy prices continued to increase in spite of the recession, which was also documented by Juan Carlos Gonzales (SIFE) with some very helpful energy analyses. The newly established Hatebur Group – managed by Lutz Tutmann - met at individual member firms to exchange technical

experience concerning their machinery. The benchmarking and strategy working group was able to support the Automotive Group with cost analyses. The owner family Sakaguchi of the Japanese forge Samtech reported on the situation in Japan at the 2008 spring meeting of the Automotive Group in Berlin. Great pressure on prices from the side of the Japanese OEM customers was continuing, although admittedly many Japanese customers buy the steel themselves, so that the annual price reductions only refer to the added-value part of production. The demand for lowering fuel consumption which was being sought in Japan had increased the pressure for weight reduction of components. This is advantageous for the forging process as high strength and ductility speak in favour of forgings made of steel or light metals such as aluminium. The readiness of Japanese forges to invest was being hampered by the decline in profit margins. The French association AFF reported that in France new legislation had come into force requiring the payment of invoices for suppliers in max. 60 days net. The 2008 EUROFORGE General Assembly in Chicago was well-attended. As well as listening to the reports of the individual working groups and dealing with the usual routine tasks, the EUROFORGE Presidency for the period to 2010 was re-elected. VP José Yudego, representing President Jean-Louis Deguy who was unable to attend, thanked the representatives of our American hosts who were present - Jim Link and Charlie Hageman - for their excellent organisation of the 19th IFC with 735 participants from 27 countries. The weather held up. Three technical presentations were concentrated on new steel developments in micro-alloyed bainitic steels. Research projects on this topic were running in the USA, France and Germany. Also the presentation on the steel boom – reality and illusions – shed much light on further developments of global capacity particularly in Asia. The excellent, practically-oriented presentations finished with reports on CAD simulation, new machines and process developments. The

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social events, such as a steamer trip on Lake Michigan, the ForgeNET International Meeting and the final evening with jazz musicians, were a complete success and, in spite of the beginning global economic crisis, helped to weld the forging family closer together. Following intensive discussions with EUROFORGE, Japan also agreed to the venue for the next Assembly in 2011 being in India. The plant visits unfortunately suffered from the beginning recession. The 2008 autumn meeting of the Automotive Group in Frankfurt was wholly concerned with the drastic cuts in schedules by the OEMs and the lack of demand forecasts for 2009. Global surplus capacity was putting pressure on profits and delivery contracts were being observed by OEMs under the motto: “We’ll accept the goods, we’ll pay for the goods, but it is up to us when this will happen.” The Chairman reminded all the participants of the Automotive Group of the speedy introduction of the guidelines on know-how protection in their businesses and Lutz Tutmann presented the „EUROFORGE Anti-Trust Compliance Programme“. The Spring Automotive Group

meeting 2009 took place in Paris in order to talk about first experiences of the global economic crisis. In the meantime representatives of the German forging association IMU had spoken to OEMs and the steelworks about general dangers for the OEMs‘ supply chains. The general market situation in the forging industry at the end of the 1st quarter of 2009 appeared to be as follows: truck turnover 50 % or more down, passenger cars – 30/40 % and trailers – 80 %. Very expensive steel stocks as a result of inadequate information on the part of the OEMs and problems with credit insurance were presenting substantial financial risks for the forges. In France the Farina Group had taken over, with government financial support, three locations of the French Setforge group, while other forging groups had closed plants in England, Sweden and France. The payment ethics of the OEMs had deteriorated, and here Clepa had had to make representations to these. EUROFORGE was to compile a position paper on the topic of: “Delivery schedules, the cutting of these and the resulting legal obligations ”. The topic “Entrance fees for the placing of new orders” on the part of OEMs was discussed intensively and a press statement was prepared. The Executive Board saw the introduction of extended short-time working by some governments as especially helpful for the financial relief of manufacturing industry in several member associations. The banking system had reacted to the crisis very differently in the various countries. The Secretary General reported on the internationalisation of the European forging industry and on the efforts to interest the Slovak forges in membership of EUROFORGE. The Czech president, Cestmir Vancura, was going to try to find a positive solution. Certain activities of national associations for EUROFORGE – energy report (SIFE), economic reports (AFF), production statistics (IMU) – were supported by the EUROFORGE budget in 2009 with € 1,500 each. The EUROFORGE General Assembly 2009 took place at the end of September in Çesme (Izmir) in Turkey. Çesme has a long historical tradition going back to the Ancient Greeks

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EUROFORGE General Assembly, 25 September 2009 in Çesme, Turkey.

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and Romans. The Turkish association Dövsader made the Assembly attractive through an interesting programme of visits. Die Turkish host did not let the difficult economic situation of his industry prevent him from making this Assembly unforgettable for all the participants through his unbeatable hospitality with a day trip to Ephesus and other historical sites. In the technical discussions, as well as the usual routine topics, the main interest centred on the effects of the economic recession on EUROFORGE‘s member companies. Staff reductions of up to 50 %, falls in turnover of 30 % for the passenger car branch - and up to 60/70 % in the commercial vehicle sector had taken place, with the associated financial risks for the companies concerned. The different strategies used for surviving the crisis which were presented in the working groups found great interest. Also the steel industry had meanwhile become affected by the crisis, with falls in turnover of up to 50 %. Position papers concerning the topics: retention of title for delivered goods in various countries, delivery schedules of OEMs, Clepa initiative for the financial support for EU Automotive suppliers and the planned EU emission trading law were presented. The new Executive Vice-President of the North-American Forging Association (FIA) Roy Hardy, reported on the situation in North America. He also presented the wish to deepen the co-operation between FIA and EUROFORGE. The available forecasts of the OEMs predict only a slight improvement for 2010, this being also a result of 2009’s national scrapping premium programmes. The Executive Board had prepared the elections now due for this body, the Budget for 2008/2009 as well as the upcoming elections for the Board in 2010. President Jean-Louis Deguy and Vice-President Erwin Peddinghaus were no longer standing for re-election. Vice-President José Yudego was suggested as the new President, whilst for the two vacant Vice-Presidential positions new, younger people were to be found. In this connection attention was drawn by the Presidency and Secretary General to the tenth anniversary of the founding of the new EUROFORGE and for

this reason a small review will take place at the meeting in Brussels on 23./24.09.2010. VP Erwin Peddinghaus has volunteered, after 10 years as member of the presidency, to prepare a small brochure on this topic. The spring meetings 2010 in Stockholm began with a meeting of the Executive Board. The position paper “delivery schedules“ had been discussed with important OEMs and a general agreement reached. EUROFORGE represents about 70 % of European drop-forging production. President Deguy suggested for the General Assembly in September 2010 the election of the following as the new Presidency: President, José Yudego (Spain), Vice-Presidents Dr. Stefan Witt (Germany) and Alper Kanca (Turkey). Stefan Witt was to take over the organisation of the Open-Die Forging Working Group (ODWG). The Automotive Group was intensively engaged with legal aspects of “entrance fees for new orders (pay-to-play rules)”. Alongside the general market situation, the market prognosis for the second half of 2010 as a result of the ending of scrapping premiums for cars in Italy, France and Germany and the future role of electrically-powered automobiles, considerable anxiety was shown in discussions about the heavy indebtedness of some European states and the upcoming competition from East Asian forges on the European market. A positive aspect at the moment is the increasing export of premium cars to Asia and America. Generally, higher demand can be detected in the market. Maybe it will take some time before the levels of 2007/2008 are reached again. The Automotive Group Chairman, Dr. Manfred Hirschvogel, reported on a meeting of German forging companies with the steelworks where in particular Dr. Jürgen Großmann, CEO of RWE and owner of the Georgsmarienhütte, made reference to rising costs of energy. Also iron ore and coke had become more expensive in this year. On the occasion of the Hanover Trade Fair there was to be a reception by EUROFORGE on 20.04.2010 for all the member companies who were exhibiting there.

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On 3rd July 2010 Dr. Manfred Hirschvogel passed away, completely unexpectedly, at the age of 65. EUROFORGE has lost in Manfred Hirschvogel a valued friend, a bridge-builder and a charismatic personality who played a substantial part in the importance which EUROFORGE has today for its European member associations. He made a great contribution to the growing together of the international forging associations from Asia to America. Especially the members of the Automotive Group mourn their Chairman, whose technical competence made him, despite all his modesty, at the same time both example and adviser. Manfred Hirschvogel leaves a large gap in the leadership of EUROFORGE. At the General Assembly, on 24th of September 2010 in Brussels, Jürgen Thumann, President of BUSINESSEUROPE, Kevin Crowley, President of FIA and Lars Holmqvist, CEO of Clepa were to be present as honorary guests. Attention was to be drawn to general market trends in North-America, Asia and Europe, to the 20th IFC in Hyderabad (India) from 13th -17th November 2011 and to the third meeting of Asiaforge in Shanghai in September 2010. José Yudego, commercial director Europe of CIE Automotive, was chosen as the new president. Alper Kanca, Vice-President of Dövsader and CEO and owner of Kanca and Dr. Stefan Witt, President of IMU and Managing Director of SonaBLW were chosen as EUROFORGE Vice-Presidents.

OPEN DIE WORkING GROUP (ODWG)PROLOGUE:At the founding of EUROFORGE in Paris in 2000, an Open Die Working Group was called into life. The Czech association Svaz Kovaren was charged with the formation of this working group. It soon became apparent, however, that the establishment of such a working group would only be attractive if important companies from this sector from as many European countries as possible were represented in it. The interest shown by EUROFORGE member companies involved in open-die forging in such a working group was very limited outside Poland and the Czech Republic. The ensuing attempt to found such a working group together with the Verein Deutscher Eisenhütten Leute (VDEh) failed in the second half of 2004 after several meetings, as no agreement could be found either on the topics for discussion or on the structure of the participants of this group. A joint kick-off meeting of the OPEN DIE WORKING GROUP was held in Paris on 25.03.2004, but the echo from the VDEh member firms participating was negative. EUROFORGE is a very small association in comparison with the VDEh. In addition, the members of the VDEh, with its rigid and centralised control, were suspicious of the way in which EUROFORGE had established its discussion platforms. EUROFORGE wanted to leave the choice of topics up to the participants themselves. EUROFORGE only wanted to ensure that certain basic rules were kept to in order to guarantee successful results and to safeguard the right of one member of the EUROFORGE Board to participate in these meetings. In September 2003 VP Erwin Peddinghaus reported to the EUROFORGE General Meeting in Prague: “We must wait and see if there is a greater interest in such a working group. Should this prove not to be the case, EUROFORGE will terminate this activity.”

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START OF THE OPEN DIE WORkING GROUP:The first meeting of the OPEN DIE WORKING GROUP was held on 24.03.2004 at the premises of the French forging association AFF in Paris. Following an explanation of the proposed structure of the working group, there was an exchange of ideas concerning its goals and topics for discussion. These ranged from the market situation, international benchmarking and environmental legislation through to the exchange of energy and raw material costs. The possible status of the working group –“ Who could become a member, how should the group be organised and should a membership fee be demanded” – was also discussed. Vladislav Sima (Skoda Pilsen) gave a presentation on the growing influence of Chinese forging companies and explained with the help of examples how Western open-die forging companies should react to this. The list of the companies who were to be invited to the next meeting was agreed. Also some large non-European open-die forges should also being invited to attend. The participants at this meeting had agreed to invite only firms which manufacture large-size structural forging parts. Manufacturers of billets and of rolled products were not to be invited. From the current member firms – IMGB, SCANA, SKODA, SHEFFIELD and VITKOVICE – took part in the founding meeting in Paris. The next meeting was organised by Plzen Steel on 21.10.2004 in Plzen. EUROFORGE VP Erwin Peddinghaus assisted Svaz Kovaren with the preparation of this meeting and was able to enrol several new members after the VDEh had officially terminated their co-operation following the meeting in Paris. Petr Kollarcik (Plzen Steel) had also successfully canvassed new members. At the meeting in Plzen 20 participants from 12 companies took part, among them a representative of Kobe Steel as a guest. Celsa Ostrowiec, OMZ Special Steel, Sidenor, ZDAS, Radomir and Kobe Steel could be inducted as new members. EUROFORGE was represented by VP Erwin Peddinghaus and Svaz Kovaren by his secretary Jiri Kolarsky. Peter Kollarcik as host (Pilsen Steel) was

elected as Chairman. He ran the meeting, in which the basis for the future work of the ODWG was laid. After lively discussion, common rules for the ODWG’s work were established. These were brief and clear, a set of statutes in the legal sense not being wanted. An elected chairman ran the meeting, where the 7 rules materialised which were officially passed one year later in Bucharest. Alongside the generally accepted principles of confidentiality and sensitivity, there must be a win-win situation for all participants. Give and take must play an active role in the group. To conclude the meeting in Plzen, there was a presentation on the global market for open-die forges and their customers for the three important sectors – ship-building, electricity generation and rolling mills - by Vladislav Sima (Skoda Steel). At the following meeting in June 2005 at Celsa HUTA Ostrowiec in Poland, Vladislav Sima informed the participants that Peter Kollarcik had left the company and therefore had retired as Chairman. Information from individual companies, information on the market for heavy forgings and a benchmarking presentation would from now on belong to the standard programme of each meeting. Special contributions by some members on particular countries’ special markets or on cost developments also belonged to the standard programme. There followed an extended discussion of the various presentations and contributions before the host gave a presentation on his company prior to the subsequent works visits. At the meeting it became ever clearer that the enormous investments in new companies and equipment - particularly in China and South Korea – would in the medium term lead to large surplus capacity. The Western open-die forges, including Japan, were just coming out of a long economic crisis. In recent years there had been no investment available to Western open-die forgers either for the elimination of bottlenecks – such as for forging furnaces, the machining of large forgings, heat treatment installations - nor for the modernisation of old machinery and equipment. A huge investment backlog had built

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up in the forges. Since 2004 the sales situation of open-die forges had improved noticeably because of the large market in the Far East. Now there was the chance to carry out the deferred investments without materially increasing total capacity. The Western open-die forges could only be globally competitive with first class quality, with technically demanding products and with a great degree of flexibility of supply. Sufficient own capital and a sound financial basis were the precondition for these investments. In order to ensure this, adequate returns had to be achieved.At the meeting on 19.10.2005 at KVAERNER/IMGB in Bucharest, Vladislav Sima (Pilzen Steel) was elected as Chairman and Volker Schaffer (SFL) as Vice Chairman. The 7 basic rules - which had been prepared in Plzen and Ostrowiec - were unanimously accepted in the form which is valid to this day.

Members of the EUROFORGE Open Die Working Group, 19 October 2005 in Bucharest.

SUCCESSFUL STABILIZATION OF THE OPEN DIE WORkING GROUP:Per-Olof Grahn (Scana Steel) invited all the members to come to Bjöneborg in Sweden in June 2006 for the next meeting. With Lehigh Heavy Forge (USA) and IMGB Doosan (Romania), two further members of the ODWG were taken on board. All the members reported having full order books and were convinced that the good market situation would continue at least until 2008. Only in 2009 was a market slowdown expected. Impressed by the efficiency and know-how of their Scana colleagues, a strengthened forging group under the leadership of Vladislav Sima left Sweden in the secure knowledge that no member of this working group would wish to miss its work and the exchange of ideas taking place there. For the 20th October 2006 CEO Graham Honeyman of Sheffield Forgemasters (SFL) had invited the group to Sheffield for the next meeting. In parallel the triennial „International Forgemasters Meeting (IFMM)“ of the open-die forges would be taking place. In Sheffield representatives of Forge Vienna (Italy) and of EMSS (Ukraine) were greeted as guests. They would be inducted as new members at the next meeting. Alongside the usual routine topics, presentations were made on the forging industries in Russia / Ukraine and in India. There were reports on the world-wide increases in material and energy costs and on considerable delivery problems. Through an alteration in the EUROFORGE statutes, the members of the ODWG were able to join the EUROFORGE family as “affiliated members”. For the spring meeting on 24th May 2007, Philippe Tollini invited the members to SFAR–Steel in Creusot/Loire. After an interesting visit to one of Burgundy’s largest vineyards in Bone, the group visited the impressive forge in Creusot, which focuses on the manufacture of products for atomic power stations. Vienna Forge gave a presentation on Italian open-die forges, Sheffield Forgemasters explained the networking of state-owned and private Chinese open-die forges, which is so unfathomable for Europeans.

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Many group members reported having capacity problems with their post-forging machining operations. At the meeting in Gröditz on 11.10.2007, at the invitation of Detlef Schwerdt of Stahlwerk Gröditz, Volker Schaffer was elected as Chairman and Vladislav Sima as Vice-Chairman. On 20th and 21st May 2008 the meeting was held for the first time in a country outside the EU. For this, NKMZ (Viktor Oleshko) and EMSS (Maxim Viktorovic Efimov) had invited the participants to Donetsk (Ukraine). On the first day works visits were made to both forges in Kramatorsk, some 100 km away from Donetsk. NKMZ is a typical Russian state combine, in which complete steelworks, mining installations and harbour facilities are planned and constructed. This also included the conventionally equipped open-die forge with good machining facilities. EMSS was still in a rebuild phase after a longer stand still. The gap between planned and actual achieved figures was large. Now the group members of the ODWG could better understand why our Ukrainian colleagues were having such great problems in delivering reliable figures for benchmarking. The next day the meeting took place at the Donbass Palace Hotel in Donetsk. The adherence to anti-trust legislation, the momentary situation of the US Dollar and an overview of the global nuclear market were on the agenda. At that time the current suppliers of large parts - SFR–Steel (Areva) and Japan Steel Works – could furnish parts for four new power plants per year and after an increase in their capacity, they would be able to supply enough parts for 12 atomic power stations. The next IFMM took place at the beginning of November 2008 in Santander/ Spain and was hosted by Sidenor. Juan Blanco-Tirador (Sidenor) had invited the ODWG to Santander for the ODWG meeting on 6. November and on the following day he opened SIDENOR - Steelworks in Renosa for the visitors, about 150 km distant. All the participants were very enthusiastic about the city of Santander and its surroundings. The hospitality of our host could not have been better. During the works visit the visitors were especially impressed by the machining of a large

range of different huge crankshafts. The approaching global economic crisis was now starting to affect open-die forges and the following meeting on 23rd April 2009 in Ostrava at Vitkovice was entirely concerned with the global recession. All the participants reported on numerous cancellations of orders for forgings which were already in production, on demands for postponement of payment of invoices and for price reductions. The markets for shipbuilding and for rolling mill rolls had collapsed completely. Only the market for the electricity generation sector was still alive, but even here the prognosis for the coming 2 - 3 years did not look rosy either. There was already free capacity. The report by Kobe Steel on open-die forging manufacturers in China/Korea/Japan gave additional cause for concern because of the enormous increase in capacity which was being built up there. The Chairman decided that in future, in order to reduce the financial burden on host members’ companies, only every second meeting would be held at a member firm. Therefore the next meeting was held in the Hotel Meridien Etoille in Paris on 22nd October 2009. The negative news about stagnating markets, and the realisation that many customer sectors had not yet bottomed out, made their mark on this meeting. All the firms reported having free capacity and a low intake of new orders. The Chairman and Vice Chairman were re-elected unanimously. OMZ (Nikolay Shakolin) invited all the members toSt. Petersburg for the 13th meeting of the ODWG on 13th May 2010. To start off, on the evening before the meeting, the members dined luxuriously at the Vodka Museum with much vodka and wine. The meeting itself confirmed the difficult market situation and the widespread low capacity utilization of the member firms. Chairman Volker Schaffer recommended that one of the largest Chinese open-die forges, China Second Heavy (Erzhong), be invited as a possible future member of the ODWG. As considerable misgivings about their reliability as far as keeping to the rules was concerned, the Chairman only received the mandate to talk to China Second and to

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have them complete a questionnaire. This was to be discussed again at the meeting in Düsseldorf on November 11th, 2010. EUROFORGE VP Erwin Peddinghaus said that after 10 years in office he would no longer be standing for re-election at the EUROFORGE General Meeting on September 24th in Brussels. His work for the ODWG would therefore come to an end at that day’s meeting. He introduced Dr. Stefan Witt, president of the IMU, who would take over his role as VP of EUROFORGE. Erwin Peddinghaus and founding member Anders Cederlund (Scana) were thanked profusely for the work they had done for the ODWG and wished well for their forthcoming retirement. The subsequent works visit to OMZ provided an insight into the vast dimensions of industrial planning under the socialist system in Russia. Both forging and machining have a good standard, even if some years will be needed before levels of productivity which are usual in the West are reached. The hospitality of our Russian colleagues must be specially mentioned.

OUTLOOk AND FUTURE STRUCTURE OF THE OPEN DIE WORkING GROUPThe meetings which are held in companies are of great interest for all participants. Common interests in achieving quality, efficiency and positive results in a sustainable way bind together most of the members of this working group. The marketing analyses and individual exchange of ideas are of great importance. In no other working group known to the writer are such up-to-date and comprehensive market trends presented and supported by independent benchmarking in the countries involved. The basic interest in participating in this working group is of a varying nature. The representatives of the traditional open-die forging countries – Western Europe, North America, Japan – wish to prevent a fast build-up of know-how in China / India. The members from Central and Eastern Europe wish to learn from the marketing experience of their western colleagues. The future must show whether the changed market conditions will strengthen or weaken the solidarity of the group. Also the composition and the established rules of the working group should be continually examined to see whether they need updating. The chairman should be a person who is both a good co-ordinator and a good listener. This demands that sufficient time should be provided for the important and open discussions which all the participants expect.The writer is proud of this well-functioning working group and wishes it further success for the future.

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ANNExES

Annex 01 Member associations and contact persons

Annex 02 Organizational structure

Annex 03 Meeting places of General Assembly since 2000

Annex 04 Presidency from 2000 to 2010

Annex 05 Open Die Working Group (ODGW) meetings since 2004

Annex 06 Open Die Working Group rules established in 2005

Annex 07 International Forging Conferences (IFC) since 1953

Annex 08 EUROFORGE Guidelines Know-How Protection

Annex 09 EUROFORGE Appeal to Customers in 2004

Annex 10 Statutes

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ANNEX 01MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS / CONTACT PERSONS BELGIUM Patrick van den Bossche E-Mail: patrick.vandenbossche@agoria.be AGORIA Fon: +32 2 70 68 012DIAMANT BUILDING Fax: +32 2 70 68 01880 Boulevard A. Reyers www.agoria.beB-1030 Bruxelles

CZECH REPUBLIC Cestmír Vançura E-Mail: cestmir.vancura@vivazlin.czSKČR Fon: +420 597 325 808Technologická 372/2 Fax: +420 597 325 842CZ-708 00 Ostrava-Pustkovec www.skcr.org FINLAND Mika Vartiainen E-Mail: mika.vartiainen@metsta.fiThe Finnish Forging Group Fon: +358 9 4512702P.O. Box 6200 Fax: +358 9 4512660FIN-02015 HUT FRANCE Jean-L. Brillanceau E-Mail: forgesnef@wanadoo.frAFF Fon: +33 1 47 17 6417F-92038 Paris la Defense Cedex Fax: +33 1 47 17 6423 www.mecanet.frGERMANY Dr. Theodor L. Tutmann Industrieverband E-Mail: ltutmann@metalform.deMassivumformung e.V. Fon: +49 2331 9588-12Goldene Pforte 1 Fax: +49 2331 9587-12D-58093 Hagen www.metalform.de GREAT BRITAIN John Houseman E-Mail: john.houseman@britishmetalforming.comCBM Fon: +44 121 60 16 350National Metalforming Centre Fax: +44 121 60 16 373Birmingham Road www.britishmetalforming.comGB-West Bromwich B70 6PY

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MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS / CONTACT PERSONS

ITALY Livio Marietti E-Mail: unisa@unisa.orgUNISA Fon: +39 02 66 11 44 31Viale SARCA 336 Fax: +39 02 64 74 96 88I-20126 MILANO www.unisa.org POLAND Prof. Robert Szyndler E-Mail: zkp@zkp.plZKP Fon: +48 12 61 72 908Polish Forging Fax: +48 12 63 38 421Al. Mickiewicza 30 www.zkp.plPL-30-059 Krakow SPAIN Juan Carlos González E-Mail: sife@coiib.esSIFE Fon: +34 94 44 33 450General Concha, 22-2¡ Fax: +34 94 44 33 454E-48010 Bilbao www.forjas.org SWEDEN Marten Sohlman E-Mail: elin.lydahl@teknikforetagen.seSWEDEFORGE Fon: +46 8 78 20 800 Box 5510 Fax: +46 8 78 20 966 S-11485 Stockholm www.branschgrupperna.se/ smidesgruppen

TURkEY Orhan Metin E-Mail: ometin@parsan.comDÖVSADER Fon: +90 216 493-12 66Box 3 Fax: +90 216 493-12 80TR- 34903 Pendik-Istanbul www.turkishforge.org

ANNEX 02ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

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ANNEX 03MEETINGS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SINCE 2000

10 November 2000 Paris, France

28 September 2001 Brussels, Belgium

27 September 2002 Barcelona, Spain

19 September 2003 Prague, Czech Republic

24 September 2004 Stockholm, Sweden

23 September 2005 Stresa, Italy

29 September 2006 Birmingham, UK

21 September 2007 Nice, France

07 September 2008 Chicago, USA

25 September 2009 Çesme, Turkey

24 September 2010 Brussels, Belgium

ANNEX 04EUROFORGE PRESIDENCY 2000 - 2010

Presidents

Peter Sundström Sweden Nov. 2000 - Sept. 2004

Miguel Arrieta Spain Sept. 2004 - Sept.2006

Jean-Louis Deguy France Sept. 2006 - Sept. 2010

José Yudego Spain Sept. 2010

Vice - Presidents

Erwin Peddinghaus Germany Nov. 2000 - Sept. 2010

Dino Ruffatto Italy Nov. 2000 - Sept.2002

Miguel Arrieta Spain Sept. 2002 - Sept. 2004

Jean-Louis Deguy France Sept. 2004 - Sept. 2006

José Yudego Spain Sept. 2006 - Sept. 2010

Alper kanca Turkey Sept. 2010

Dr. Stefan Witt Germany Sept. 2010

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ANNEX 05OPEN DIE WORkING GROUPMEETINGS SINCE THE FOUNDING IN PARIS 2004

25.03.2004 Paris – Start Meeting of ODWG in cooperation with the VDEh

21.10.2004 Pilsen – Skoda Steel

02.06.2005 Ostrowiec – Celsa Huta

19.10.2005 Bucarest – KVAERNER/ IMGB

27.06.2006 Bjöneborg – Scana Steel

19.10.2006 Sheffield – Sheffield Forgemaster

24.05.2007 Creusot/Loire – SFAR STEEL

11.10.2007 Gröditz – Schmiedewerke Gröditz

21.05.2008 Donesk – EMSS / NKMZ

06.11.2008 Santander – Sidenor

23.04.2009 Ostrava – Vitkovice

22.10.2009 Paris – EUROFORGE / Hotel Meridien Etoille

13.05.2010 Petersburg – OMZ

11.11.2010 Düsseldorf - EUROFORGE

ANNEX 06THE ODWG RULES

OPEN DIE WORkING GROUPkVAERNER IMGB, BUCHAREST, ROMANIA18th - 19th OCTOBER 2005

ODWG (Open Die Working Group) is the group of heavy open die forges, founded in Paris 25.3.2004 under the EUROFORGE organization as an associated member. The ODWG is the platform for the exchange of benchmarking and market information among the member companies, as well as the tool for the expressing of the industry needs towards European Union.Basic rules of the group :1) The member of the ODWG group can be every European open die forge with press capacity more than 3,000 tons (no ring rollers).2) Each non–European forge can be the “associated member” of the ODWG group.3) The group will meet 2x per year (spring and autumn time), always in one of the member forge. Every member company shall be prepared to host the ODWG meeting in his place4) Each member company nominates 1 person as the official representative for ODWG (usually the company director or Sales & Marketing director).5) In the meetings there can be max. 2 representatives for each company6) The ODWG has its chairman and vice-chairman (further called officers), they are elected for 2 years. They do their job free of charge. Voting is done in secret way.7) The membership fee is 300 EUR/year for the members that are members of a national forging association belonging to Euroforge. All other members or associated members pay 500 EUR/year. The account is handled by Euroforge. The fee starts to be charged from 2006.Prepared by Mr. Vladislav Sima based on all previous discussions and after consulting with Mr. Erwin Peddinghaus.Date : 15.10.2005

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ANNEX 07INTERNATIONAL FORGING CONFERENCES (IFC) SINCE 1953

ANNEX 08EUROFORGE GUIDELINES kNOW-HOW PROTECTION

The European forging industry is the number one producer of forged components and systems world-wide. Its success is based on its technological leadership. The European forging industry keeps the top position in almost all product areas which are based on high-tech technologies. The industry knows, however, that this position can only be retained by maintaining a high rate of innovation and continuous development process. European forging companies are working continuously with the scientific world within the framework of research projects making much use of the outstanding academic support of the research institutions in Europe and are driving technological and process-orientated innovations with great power. Needless to say that these efforts are demanding great financial and human resources. Customers’ demand for more transparency in the supply chain is in conflict with the vital necessity of the forging companies to protect its know how. The European forging industry supports the ideas as contemplated in the guidelines of VDA on know-how protection stressing that the information obtained from others (including product and innovation concepts, design documents, CAD data, drawings, models, product and process know-how) are to be treated strictly confidential, unless they are public. This information should also not be made available to third parties without mutual consensus and should only be used for those purposes for which the information is provided in the first place. Customers are asked to respect that all kind of business partner communication such as audits, workshops et cetera, may be subject of reasonable restrictions in order to safeguard company’s know how. This may include complete n o n-disclosure of most sensible know-how. Other information might be classified as “right of access for inspection” only (not to be handed out). It might be advisable to agree on Confidentiality agreements for specific occasions. (check EUROFORGE´s confidentiality guideline under www.euroforge-org)In-house-production of the customer is demanding special awareness to know-how protection. The CEO of the forging company will give a general information explaining the company´s know how philosophy addressed to the purchasing, engineering and QM organization of the customer. Adequate visitors’ information are accepted by all interested parties visiting the company. Berlin, 25-04-2008

International Forging Conferences (IFC) since 1953

1953, 1st IFC Glenagles, Scotland/UK

1956, 2nd IFC Munich, Germany

1959, 3rd IFC Paris, France

1962, 4th IFC London, UK

1965, 5th IFC Munich, Germany

1968, 6th IFC Washington, USA

1971, 7th IFC Bruxelles, Belgium

1974, 8th IFC Nice, France

1977, 9th IFC Kyoto, Japan

1980, 10th IFC London, UK

1983, 11th IFC Cologne, Germany

1986, 12th IFC Orlando, USA

1990, 13th IFC New Delhi, India

1993, 14th IFC Venice, Italy

1996, 15th IFC Paris, France

1999, 16th IFC Beijing, China

2002, 17th IFC Cologne/Dusseldorf, Germany

2005, 18th IFC Nagoya, Japan

2008, 19th IFC Chicago, USA

2011, 20th IFC Hyderabad, India

52 535352

01.

ANNEX 09

54 55

ANNEX 10EUROFORGE STATUTES

I. NAME, HEADQUARTERS, AIMS

Article 1 - Name

An international association is hereby constituted under the name of EUROFORGE, hereinafter referred to as «the Association». The Association shall be governed by the Belgian Law of 25 October 1919, as amended by the Law of 6 December 1954.

Article 2 - Headquarters

The Association has its registered office in Belgium, currently in Brussels, Boulevard A. Reyers 80. It may be transferred to any other location in Belgium by simple decision of the Executive Board published within the month in the annexes of the Moniteur belge. It may establish operating offices in other countries within the EU.

Article 3 - Aims

3.1. The Association is a non-profit making international non- governmental organisation having a scientific objective especially in the field of the development of knowledge concerning the industrial, legal and technical environment of the forging industry.

3.2. The underlying objective of EUROFORGE is to contribute to the well-being and development of the European Forging wwwwlasldjfindustry.

3.3. EUROFORGE shall employ all appropriate means and media to increase the awareness of forging and thereby to enhance the acceptability and desirability of components so produced.3.4. EUROFORGE shall encourage the continuation and development of the sound scientific and technological foundation on which the industry in Europe is founded.

3.5. EUROFORGE shall authorise and supply events in the three- yearly EUROFORGE international Forging Conference/Fair series of conferences.

3.6. EUROFORGE shall act as a spokesman for European forging industry to the EU and equivalent bodies in other regions of the world. This representation and promotion of its member’s interest may not cause damage to the scientific character of the association activities.

3.7. EUROFORGE shall encourage European uniformity, co- operation and initiatives, in such areas as standardisation and other, especially within the context of the increasing unity among EC countries.

3.8. In fulfilling its objectives, EUROFORGE shall, in particular:

3.8.1. Arrange for the publication of a regular newsletter - Internet- homepage.

3.8.2. Initiate project groups and committees, like the Directors’ and Technical Committee, and other, to specific objectives of general interest.

Article 4 - Scope

4.1. Europe in the first instance of definition in the context of EUROFORGE shall be the present and future countries in the European Union. A correspondent status can be offered to countries associations outside Europe.

4.2. EUROFORGE covers the following types of activity: hot, warm and cold forging, extrusion, open die forging, ring rolling.

56 57

II. MEMBERS

Article 5 - Members

The association shall be composed of individuals and legal entities validly constituted according to the laws and practices of their country or origin.The association is composed of active members and associated members.The founding members are the first active members. The Founding Members of the Association are the European national forging industry associations that undersigned the Constitution Act. Any other national European association may be accepted as an active member by a majority of 3/4 of the votes by the general assembly. There can be only one association per country accepted as an active member.

Article 6 – Admission of members

Admission as associated member shall be subject to the following conditions:

6.1. Any application for membership shall be considered by the General Assembly and shall be decided by a majority of 3/4. Individual companies may apply for associate membership provided there is no professional, national organisation truly representing the forging industry in this country.

6.2. Members of the EUROFORGE open die working group may get an affiliate member status on terms which the Executive Board considers appropriate for the companies.

Article 7 - Resignation

Members may resign by giving written notice to the President at least three months before the end of the calendar year. They may not claim reimbursement of any subscriptions or other moneys paid.

Members whose subscriptions remain unpaid three calendar months after the due date can be excluded form the Association.

Article 8 - Exclusion

At the recommendation of the Executive Board, and after having had an opportunity to state their case, members may be excluded from the association by decision of the General Assembly. An exclusion motion is only adopted if a two-thirds majority is obtained in the vote.

Article 9 - Member’s rights

Members have the right to take part in EUROFORGE activities subject to the particular requirements of a project.

Article 10 - Loss of membership

Any member who, through cessation of business or otherwise, ceases to belong to the Association, shall forfeit any right to any part of the assets of the Association.

Article 11 - Active members

Admission to active membership shall be subject to the following conditions:

11.1. Application for membership shall be made by an Association of an European national forging industry.

11.2. The applicant shall fulfil the conditions set for under article 6.

11.3. Articles 7 to 10 included are applicable to the active members.

Article 12 - Membership fee

The membership fee shall be determined annually for each category of members by the General Assembly by a majority vote of 2/3 on proposal of the Executive Board. The membership fee shall not exceed 100,000,-- EURO per annum.

58 59

III. GOVERNING BODIES

Article 13 - Governing bodies

13.1. The policy making body is the General Assembly which is composed of authorised (for instance members of national boards) representatives of member associations.

13.2. The Executive Board acts as required, in the name of and on behalf of the General Assembly.

IV. GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Article 14 - General Assembly

The General Assembly is composed of all active members. The associated members may assist at the general assembly without voting rights.

All powers necessary for achieving the Association’s aims are vested in the General Assembly.

Sessions are normally held every year during the first semester of each year at such time and place as may be determined by the executive board. Convening notices and agenda shall be sent at least thirty days in advance of the meeting by the President, or failing him, by a vice president. The interval between any two General Assemblies shall normally not exceed 15 months.

Extraordinary meetings of the General Assembly may also be convened at any time by decision of the Executive Board or at the request of one fourth of the active members.

The General Assembly is validly constituted when 50 % of the members are present or represented.

Any active member, unable to attend a meeting of the General Assembly, may be represented at such meeting by another active member holding a power of attorney. No active member shall hold more than two proxies.

Except in special cases provided for by the present statutes, decisions shall be carried, by a simple majority of active members present or represented, and shall be notified to all members.The Chairman may exercise a deciding vote in the event of a tie. Changes to the statutes shall only be made where 2/3 of the votes cast are in favour. Also the dissolution of the association requires 2/3 of the votes.

No item may be put to the vote of otherwise decided upon which has not been included in the agenda as set out in the calling notice for the Assembly. Any member may at any time propose items for inclusion on the agenda of any General Assembly, provided that such proposal is notified in writing at least twenty days before the date of the meeting.

Resolutions of the General Assembly shall be entered in a minute-book signed by the President of the meeting and held at the registered office of the Association at the disposal of all members and third parties proving a personnel interest.

V. ADMINISTRATION

Article 15 - Executive Board

The Association shall be administered by an Executive Board composed of at least 3 members and no more than 9 members; at least one of the Executive Board members must be of Belgian nationality.

The Executive Board members shall be elected by the General Assembly; their term of office is 3 years; they may be re-elected.

The Executive Board is composed of representatives of national active member associations.

Executive Board members can be dismissed by the General Assembly by a 2/3 majority of active members present or represented.

60 61

The Executive Board shall meet at least two times a year or if 2/3 call a meeting of the Executive Board.

An Executive Board member can be represented by another Executive Board member who shall however not hold more than one proxy.Executive Board proceedings are valid if 1/3 of its members are present or represented; its decisions are taken by simple majority of members present or represented. In the event of a tie the President has a casting vote.

All powers of management administration and disposal of assets are vested in the Executive Board subject to any limitation imposed by the General Assembly.

Resolutions adopted by the Executive Board shall be entered in a minute-book signed by the Secretary General and kept at the registered office at the disposal of the members of the Association and third parties proving a personal interest.

Article 16 - President - Vice-Presidents

The Chief Officers of the association are the President and the Vice-Presidents, who shall be elected by the General Assembly.Their terms of office shall be two years, renewable in case a successor does not emerge. The President, or should he be prevented from doing so, one of the Vice-Presidents, shall preside over the meetings of the General Assembly.

The President shall be responsible for the smooth running of the Association and for implementing the decisions of the General Assembly and Executive Board. Acts which are binding on the Association in respect of third parties shall be signed by the President and the Secretary General; the President shall represent the Association in legal proceedings.

Normally, one Vice-President shall succeed the President.

Article 17- Representation

Except otherwise decided, all acts which bind the Association shall be signed by the President or the Secretary General who need not to give evidence of their powers.

Article 18 - Legal actions

All judicial action, either as plaintiff or defendant, will be handled by the President or by one of the Vice-Presidents designated by him.

Article 19 - Financial year

The financial year opens on 1 January and closed on 31 December. The Executive Board shall submit to the approval of the Assembly a statement of accounts and a budget for next fiscal period.

Article 20 - Secretary general

The President shall appoint and dismiss the Secretary general of the Association and, where applicable, the deputy Secretary general, after having consulted the General Assembly.

The Secretary general shall be responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Association under the authority of the President.

Article 21 - Applicable law

Matters not covered by these Articles of Association, including publications in the Annexes au Moniteur belge, will be governed by the provisions of the law of25 October 1919, as amended.

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VI. FINANCIAL RESOURCES

Article 22 - Financial resources

The financial resources at the disposal of the Association are the membership fees, gifts and contributions. Financial means can also come from own activities (EU-funding for projects, EUROFORGE-fair, sales of publications, etc.) without any profit motivation.

The financial year shall run from 1 January to 31 December. Exceptionally the first financial year shall run from the date of signing of the present articles of association to the 31st of December 2001.

The Secretary general shall submit annually for approval by a majority vote of 2/3 to the General Assembly the books of account for the past financial year, and the budget for the following financial year.

VII. AMENDMENTS TO THE STATUTES AND DISSOLUTION

Article 23 - Amendments

Without prejudice to Article 5 of the law of 25 October 1919, the present statutes may be amended at any time by an Extraordinary General Assemably of members convened on the initiative of the Executive Board or at the request of 3 active members of the Association. The date of the General Assembly which will decide on the proposed amendment(s) must be notified to members at least three months in advance. No decision shall be adopted unless it is approved by a majority of at least two-thirds of the active members of the Association are present or represented. However, if less than two-thirds of the active members of the Association are present or represented at the General Assembly, a new General Assembly shall be convened in the same condition as the preceding one, to definitely and validly decide on the proposals in question, by a majority of two thirds of the active members present or represented. Amendments to the statutes will not take effect until approved by Royal Decree and until they have been published in the Annexes au Moniteur belge in accordance with Article 3 of the law of 25 October 1919.

If need be, the General Assembly shall determine the modalities of dissolution and liquidation of the Association.

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS

Article 24 - Language

Exception made for the official document to be published in the annexes of the Moniteur Belge, which will be in the French language, the English language using British English spelling shall be used among EUROFORGE members.However, the official language of the association shall be French.

Paris/Hagen/Brussels, November 2000© EUROFORGE amended Birmingham, September 2006

64

Imprint

PublisherEUROFORGEGoldene Pforte 158093 Hagen, Germany

ContactIngrid SchallnusFon: +49 2331 958813Fax: +49 2331 958713 ischallnus@euroforge.orgwww.euroforge.org

Responsible for the contentErwin PeddinghausDr. Theodor L. Tutmann

Concept, Design and RealisationThomas Scherr, Scherr Kreativmanagement GmbHwww.tskm.de

TranslationTimothy Drane

Circulation500

© September 2010

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