By Caitlin, Trent, Noel, Keyana

MONKEY

Journey to the West Is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literatureTook place during the Tang Dynasty(618-907) It was written by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th centurypublished anonymously by Wu Cheng'en

WU CHENG’EN WU CHENG’EN Born 1500?-1582 Born 1500?-1582 novelist and poet of the novelist and poet of the

Ming dynasty (1368–Ming dynasty (1368–1644)1644)

Wu repeatedly failed the Wu repeatedly failed the civil service exams.civil service exams.

Was 63 years old when Was 63 years old when he was appointed to the he was appointed to the post of Vice Magistrate in post of Vice Magistrate in Changxing county Changxing county

was thrown into prison on was thrown into prison on a trumped-up charge of a trumped-up charge of corruption. corruption.

Xuan Zang or TripitakaXuan Zang or Tripitaka

• Tripitka means "Three Baskets"

• born 602 - 664 • entered Buddhist

monkhood at the age of thirteen

• left Chang'an in 629 reaching India in 630.

Xuan Zang or TripitakaXuan Zang or Tripitaka

travelled in India for the next thirteen travelled in India for the next thirteen years, years,

left India in 643 and arrived back in left India in 643 and arrived back in Chang'an in 646 to a warm reception by Chang'an in 646 to a warm reception by Emperor Taizong of Tang.Emperor Taizong of Tang.

In 646, under the Emperor's request, In 646, under the Emperor's request, Tripitaka completed his book Tripitaka completed his book Great Tang Great Tang Records on the Western RegionsRecords on the Western Regions

The Xingjiao Monastery was established in The Xingjiao Monastery was established in 669 to house his ashes.669 to house his ashes.

BUDHISM currently has about 376 million followers and is

generally listed as the world's fourth largest religion after Christianity, Islam and Hinduism.

Main objective is to achieve enlightenment or Nirvana- release from suffering

Buddhist texts Pāli Tipitaka Mahayana sutras

BUDHISMBUDHISM

Founder: Siddhartha Founder: Siddhartha Gautama: The Buddha Gautama: The Buddha born 566(?) died 480(?) born 566(?) died 480(?) B.CB.C

In Buddhism there are In Buddhism there are celestial buddhas, celestial buddhas, bodhisattvas, and deities bodhisattvas, and deities that assist and inspire the that assist and inspire the Buddhist practitioner. Buddhist practitioner. Among the most popular Among the most popular are Kuan Yin, the Medicine are Kuan Yin, the Medicine Buddha, the Laughing Buddha, the Laughing Buddha and the Green Buddha and the Green and White Taras. and White Taras.

BUDHISMBUDHISM

The Three Trainings or Practices:The Three Trainings or Practices:Sila:Sila: Virtue, good conduct, morality. Virtue, good conduct, morality. Samadhi:Samadhi: Concentration, meditation, mental Concentration, meditation, mental development. .development. .Prajna:Prajna: Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment.

The Four Noble Truths:The Four Noble Truths:Dukkha:Dukkha: Suffering existsSuffering existsSamudayaSamudaya:: There is a cause for suffering.There is a cause for suffering. Nirodha:Nirodha: There is an end to sufferingThere is an end to suffering. . Magga:Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold PathEightfold Path..

BUDHISMBUDHISM The Eightfold Path:The Eightfold Path: Panna:Panna: Discernment, wisdom: Discernment, wisdom: 1) 1) Samma ditthiSamma ditthi Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths 2) 2) Samma sankappa:Samma sankappa: Right thinking; following the right path in life Right thinking; following the right path in life

Sila:Sila: Virtue, morality: Virtue, morality: 3) Samma vaca: 3) Samma vaca: Right speech: no lying, criticism, condemning, gossip, Right speech: no lying, criticism, condemning, gossip,

harsh language harsh language 4) Samma kammanta4) Samma kammanta Right conduct by following the Five Right conduct by following the Five Precepts Precepts

5) Samma ajiva5) Samma ajiva: Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others: Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others

Samadhi:Samadhi: Concentration, meditation:Concentration, meditation: 6) 6) Samma vayamaSamma vayama Right Effort: promote good thoughts; conquer evil Right Effort: promote good thoughts; conquer evil

thoughts thoughts 7) 7) Samma satiSamma sati Right Mindfulness: Become aware of your body, mind and Right Mindfulness: Become aware of your body, mind and

feelings feelings 8) 8) Samma samadhiSamma samadhi Right Concentration: Meditate to achieve a higher state Right Concentration: Meditate to achieve a higher state

of consciousnessof consciousness

BUDHISM

The Five Precepts: Do not kill. This is sometimes translated

as "not harming" or an absence of violence.

Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not misuse sex. Do not consume alcohol or other drugs.

BUDHISMBUDHISM

• KarmaKarma• The Cycle of Rebirth The Cycle of Rebirth • There are six separate planes into which any There are six separate planes into which any

living being can be reborn -- three fortunate living being can be reborn -- three fortunate realms, and three unfortunate realms. realms, and three unfortunate realms.

• Those with favorable, positive karma are reborn Those with favorable, positive karma are reborn into one of the fortunate realms: the realm of into one of the fortunate realms: the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of men. men.

• The realm of man is considered the highest realm The realm of man is considered the highest realm of rebirth. of rebirth.

• The three unfortunate realms consist of animals, The three unfortunate realms consist of animals, ghosts and hell ghosts and hell

TAOIST TAOIST characterized by an awareness of man's close characterized by an awareness of man's close

relationship with nature and the universe. relationship with nature and the universe. Taoists stress the importance of harmonizing Taoists stress the importance of harmonizing

with nature by balancing yin and yang, and with nature by balancing yin and yang, and developing developing chi, chi, the essential energy of action the essential energy of action and existence, through meditation and and existence, through meditation and disengagement.disengagement.

Formed: around 550 B.C. Formed: around 550 B.C. Origin: China Origin: China Followers 20,000,000Followers 20,000,000 Originator: Lao Tzu Originator: Lao Tzu

TAOIST

• More of a philosophy then a religion

• Symbolized by Ying Yan symbol

• Based on the Daode jing (Tao Te Ching), a philosophical and political text written by Lao Tzu

• Tao means the way or path

• Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility

TAOISTTAOIST

PrinciplesPrinciples NaturalnessNaturalness VitalityVitality peace "non-action" peace "non-action" wu weiwu wei, or "effortless effort , or "effortless effort emptiness,emptiness, detachment detachment flexibility flexibility receptivenessreceptiveness spontaneity spontaneity

TAOISTTAOIST

Taoism is polytheistic, it has many deities are part Taoism is polytheistic, it has many deities are part of a heavenly hierarchy that mirrors the of a heavenly hierarchy that mirrors the bureaucracy of Imperial China. According to their bureaucracy of Imperial China. According to their beliefs, Chinese deities may be promoted or beliefs, Chinese deities may be promoted or demoted for their actions.demoted for their actions.

Popular Taoism typically presents the Jade Popular Taoism typically presents the Jade Emperor as the official head deity. Emperor as the official head deity.

some Taoists in the old days let their hair grow as some Taoists in the old days let their hair grow as long as possible, refused to talk and expressed long as possible, refused to talk and expressed themselves by whistlingthemselves by whistling

TAOISTTAOIST

five basic elements: wood, fire, metal, water, and five basic elements: wood, fire, metal, water, and earthearthIn Taoist thought the path to heaven is through In Taoist thought the path to heaven is through nature and the terms "heaven” and "nature" are nature and the terms "heaven” and "nature" are often used interchangeably.often used interchangeably.The concept of a hell is largely absent.The concept of a hell is largely absent.Immortality is an important idea in TaoismImmortality is an important idea in TaoismTextsTextsTao Te ChingTao Te ChingZhuangziZhuangziDaozangDaozang

TAOIST-POLE STAR TAOIST-POLE STAR

Taoist Nine Star Taoist Nine Star Astrology is the essence Astrology is the essence of the all the Taoist of the all the Taoist practices and is based on practices and is based on the Pole Star (Yang), the the Pole Star (Yang), the Big Dipper (7 Points), and Big Dipper (7 Points), and the Vega Star (Yin). the Vega Star (Yin).

The Pole Star is the The Pole Star is the residence of Taiyi, the residence of Taiyi, the supreme sky god. To supreme sky god. To return to the One is to return to the One is to return, on one level, to return, on one level, to the Pole Star. It is the the Pole Star. It is the place where all things place where all things begin and to which all begin and to which all things return.things return.

CONFUCIANISM

Formed c. 500 B.C. Started by: Confucius 551–478 BC Origin China Followers 5,000,000 Unlike Taoism, which emphasizes the

natural way, Confucianism emphasizes the social way

There are no deities or gods

CONFUCIANISM

Confucius was not interested in religious salvation and the afterlife making this more of a philosophy then a religion

Confucianism focuses on humanism, the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics

Golden Rule: "do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you."

Confucianism expressed the ideal of a "gentleman" or "perfect man". A man that combines the qualities of saint, scholar, and gentleman.

Confucians taught that women was supposed to uphold “three subordinations”: be subordinate to her father before marriage, to her husband after marriage, and to her son after her husband died

CONFUCIANISM The five virtues Ren (仁 , Humaneness), Yi (義 , Righteousness or Justice), Li (禮 , Propriety or Etiquette), Zhi (智 , Knowledge), Xin (信 , Integrity).

The Five Bonds Ruler to Ruled Father to Son Husband to Wife Elder Brother to Younger Brother Friend to Friend

CONFUCIANISM Confucian Texts The are five Confucian classics 1) Book of History 2) Book of Songs 3) Book of Changes 4) Rites 5) The Spring, Autumn

The Four Books The Analects The Doctrine of the Mean The Great Learning Mencius

DRAGONS DRAGONS

The ancient Chinese believed The ancient Chinese believed that dragons were real and that dragons were real and possessed supernatural possessed supernatural powers. Dragons were a powers. Dragons were a symbol of power, strength, symbol of power, strength, success, success, luckluck and honor and honor

It is the first of the four Divine It is the first of the four Divine Creatures to Chinese-the Creatures to Chinese-the others being the unicorn, the others being the unicorn, the phoenixphoenix and the tortoise and the tortoise

the Chinese Dragon is a the Chinese Dragon is a beneficent and gracious beneficent and gracious creature and is worshipped as creature and is worshipped as the divine ruler of Lakes, the divine ruler of Lakes, Rivers and SeasRivers and Seas

Yanluo AND THE COURT OF THE Yanluo AND THE COURT OF THE DEAD DEAD

Yanluo is not only the Yanluo is not only the ruler but also the judge ruler but also the judge of the underworld and of the underworld and passes judgment on all passes judgment on all the deadthe dead

Yanluo is considered to Yanluo is considered to be an office or be an office or bureaucratic post, rather bureaucratic post, rather than an individual god.than an individual god.

his minions include a his minions include a judge who holds in his judge who holds in his hands a brush and a hands a brush and a book listing every soul book listing every soul and the allotted death and the allotted death date for every lifedate for every life

Yanluo AND THE COURT OF THE DEAD Yanluo divided Diyu, realm of the dead, into ten levels or

courts Men or women with merit will be rewarded good future

lives, or even revival in their previous life. Men or women who committed misdeeds will be sentenced to torture and/or miserable future lives.

The spirits of the dead are supposed to either pass through a term of enjoyment in a region midway between the earth and the heaven of the gods, or to undergo their measure of punishment in hell. After this time they may return to Earth in new bodies.

Hell in ancient Chinese cultural is consisted of 18 levels that punishes a person for a specific sin that they committed in life