by:richard drake program manager, transportation research
DESCRIPTION
New York State Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Initiative. By:Richard Drake Program Manager, Transportation Research New York State Energy R&D Authority (NYSERDA). NYSERDA. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Public Benefit Corporation created in 1975, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
By: Richard Drake Program Manager, Transportation ResearchNew York State Energy R&D Authority (NYSERDA)
New York StatePlug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Initiative
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Public Benefit Corporation created in 1975,
primarily funded by utility ratepayers
Three Goals: Energy Savings
Environmental Benefits
Economic Development
NYSERDA
Additional Resources
Funding that NYSERDA can facilitate: USDOE (e.g., Clean Cities) USDOT (e.g., CMAQ, FTA grantee) USEPA (e.g., Anti-Idling) NYSDOT (e.g., Research Consortium) NYS Special Programs (e.g., PHEV Initiative) Public Utilities Transit/Municipal Agencies
Now managing 60 vehicle deployment projects; Budget over $120 million (incl. 3:1 leveraging)
Transportation ResearchHow We do Business
Contract Terms – Usually “Cost Shared” – Usually Require Royalties
Emphasize– Product Development– Commercialization– Teaming
Desired Benefits – Energy – Environment – Economic Development
Program Opportunity Notices (PONs)– Competitive Solicitations– Review by Technical Panel (internal & external Reviewers)
Advantages+ Less petroleum consumption+ Reduced urban air pollution, potential large CO2 reductions+ Off-peak charging can improve grid economics+ Creates path from renewables (e.g., Wind) to vehicles+ Potential offshoots: V2G, emergency power for home+ Unlike battery-electric: + No range restriction, smaller batteries + Charging is optional/interruptible, infrastructure is simple
Disadvantages– Additional battery weight, vs. standard HEV– Additional cost: batteries and infrastructure– Battery life uncertainties– Thus far, auto companies have not embraced
Plug-In HEVs
NYSERDAPlug-In HybridVehicle Projects
Odyne Corp./Thor Industries:24-Passenger Bus, 20-mile Electric-Only Range
DaimlerChrysler Corp.:“Sprinter” Delivery Van, 25-mile Electric-Only Range
BAE Systems HybriDriveTM
R&D Program 1995-1999 1999 – Ongoing Hybrid Bus Production
(825 firm orders to date)
Past EV Experience
1999 – 2001 500 Postal Service vehicles built
2001 – 2003 100 Station Cars
demonstrated
Governor’s Press Release (August 1, 2006)
“$10 million plug-in hybrids program...the 600 hybrid vehicles in the State fleet
will be retrofitted to be plug-in hybrids.”
Plug-in HEV Initiative
Hybrid-Electric Vehicles in NYS Fleet
Toyota Prius
Ford Escape
Honda AccordHonda Civic
Agency Escape Prius Civic TotalDEC 71 0 24 95MTA 58 16 0 74DMV 0 0 49 49Lottery 19 26 0 45DOT 12 0 20 32Other 38 21 61 120 Total 198 63 154 415
NYS Hybrid FleetLate Model (04+)
Excl. Accord & Silverado
Stage 1 Validate the TechnologyResolve issues such as: Certification: Safety, Emissions Performance: mpg, winter operation, etc. Best fit: driving cycle, garaging, etc. Cost: vehicle, infrastructure, O&M, warranty, etc.
Stage 2 Convert State-Owned HEVs
PHEV Technology Initiative
Stage 1 (proposals due 9/18/06) Up to $100K for sample vehicle (“first-article”) Multiple awards One vehicle model per proposal Proposer could submit multiple proposals Emphasized rapid delivery of first-article
Stage 2 (proposals with due date TBD) Open only to successful Stage 1 participants Convert State HEVs using balance of $10 million
Plug-in HEV InitiativePON 1088
16 Proposals, 3 Models: Ford Escape 6 proposals Toyota Prius 8 ” Honda Civic 2 ”
9 Proposers/Teams
Stage 2 Price Estimates (Qty. <100):$6,500 – 37,500
Plug-in HEV InitiativePON 1088, Stage 1 Proposals
• Four teams building six vehicles: Ford Escape 3 vehicles
Toyota Prius 2 vehicles Honda Civic 1 vehicle
• Variety of battery packs: Three manufacturers Two configurations (replace vs. add) for both Escape and Prius Four kWh capacities
• Two operating modes: blended, all-electric
Plug-in HEV InitiativePON 1088, Stage 1 Awards
Plug-In HybridsBeyond the Current Initiative
Goal is to stimulate car companies to provide PHEV options.
Success depends on economics:Batteries with low life-cycle costGasoline pricesPublic policy: Tax credits , CO2 regulationCar company “business case”
U.S. Department of Energy - Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity
PHEV Testing
NYSERDA – December 2006Jim Francfort, Don Karner, Kevin Morrow
Vehicle Test Methods Accelerated testing
Utilizes dedicated driversSpecific drive protocolsWith & w/o onboard data loggersFuel use, miles, maintenance & repairs, & life-cycle
costs End-of-life testing
Conduct battery capacity (Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization) & power testing (Static Capacity)
Rerun two fuel use drive cycle tests (A/C on & off)
U.S. DOE: AVTA
• Developing PHEV specifications & test procedures for:Baseline performance testingAccelerated testingFleet testingEnd-of-life testing (PHEV miles?)
Preparation for eventually testing production PHEVs
Initial baseline performance test procedures draft reviewed by National Laboratories
PHEV Testing PlansU.S. DOE: AVTA
Second draft to be distributed to OEMs & PHEV convertersReview for accuracy & adequacyRecommend testing scope changes, as required
Third draft to be distributed to DOE’s PHEV Forum Stakeholders
Validating test procedures for baseline performance testing and accelerated testing (Phoenix & Argonne National Laboratory)- Energy CS Prius & Renault Kangoo in testing
- HyMotion Prius available early 2007
DOE: PHEV Testing Plans (cont’d)
DOE: PHEV Accelerated Testing
Cycle Urban Highway Charge Repetitions Total Repetitions Miles Cumulative
(mi) (10 mi) (10 mi) (hr) (N) (mi) (%) (%) (mi)
10 1 0 4 60 600 45% 14% 600
20 1 1 8 30 600 23% 14% 1200
40 4 0 12 5 200 4% 5% 1400
40 2 2 12 5 200 4% 5% 1600
40 0 4 12 5 200 4% 5% 1800
60 2 4 12 10 600 8% 14% 2400
80 2 6 12 8 640 6% 15% 3040
100 2 8 12 6 600 5% 14% 3640
200 2 18 12 3 600 2% 14% 4240
Total 1740 2500 984 132 4240 4240
Average 41% 59% 7.5 32.1
Accelerated testing - 4,280 Mile / 4 Month test
PHEV Prius Test Program bySacramento Municipal Utility District
CARB 2006 ZEV
TechnologyReview
9/27/06
SMUD Program:PHEV Prius Conversion
• SMUD provided standard 2005 MY Prius to EnergyCS in Dec. 2005 to be converted to
PHEV
• Car received at SMUD April 19, 2006
• “Break-in” runs were conducted for two months
Replaced 1.3 kWh NiMH battery with Lithium FePO4 (cathode) 8.5 kWh pack from Valence Technologies
Usable energy went from 0.4 kWh to 6.5 kWh
Installed 1.1 kW Delta Q charger & 110 volt plug
Proprietary Energy CS software manages the 2,376 Li cells (18650’s)
SMUD Program:PHEV Changes vs. HEV
Delta Q prototype charger failed in early May
Delta Q prototype charger failed again in mid-June, causing cell/group low voltage problem
Replaced one group of cells
Vi (voltage/current) contactor malfunctioned in Sept. – disabled the Delta Q charge function temporarily.
SMUD Program:The Nature of Prototypes
• “First-article” vehicles often exhibit glitches• PHEVs are emerging technology and require
significant test miles to ensure reliability; PHEVs should not immediately be assigned to daily fleet duty with random drivers
• Gain in mpg can be very high, but sensitive to:- Trip length (best mpg may on trips of 10-40 miles)- Emissions goals (highest mpg may not yield
lowest emissions)
Preliminary Observations, Based on Review of PHEV Testing to Date
PHEV Contacts in NYSERDA’s Transportation R&D Program
Richard Drake, Program Manager 518-862-1090, ext. 3258 [email protected] Wagner, Sr. Project Manager 518-862-1090, ext. 3228 [email protected]