Cambodia Labor Market Information System and Public Employment Service

Hong Choeun

National Employment Agency, Cambodia

for

Training on Labor Market Information

11-15, July 2016

Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

Cambodia: Sectoral and per capita GDP Growth, 1993-2018p

1993-2012 1993-1998 1998-2008 2008-2009 2009-2012 2012-2018

Agriculture 4.5% 5.0% 4.5% 5.6% 4.2% 3.3%

Industry 12.7% 12.1% 14.4% -2.7% 7.0% 9.3%

Service 7.8% 5.2% 9.9% 5.7% 4.7% 7.5%

Total 7.7% 6.3% 9.1% 3.4% 5.1% 7.1%

GDP(per capita)

8.2% 2.5% 9.8% 7.4% 6.5% 7.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1993 1998 2003 2008 2013e 2018p

Cambodia Sectoral GDP Share, 1994-2018p

Agriculture Industry Service

Population, Labor Force, and Employment

4 969 5 278

3 1993 054

2 987

3 059

1 5752 839

1 486 1 393

937 1 322

674 1 000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2016 2025

Cambodia Population by Age Group in 2016 and 2025 (% and in '000)

65+

55-64

45-54

35-44

25-34

15-24

0-14

3 1993 054

2 987

3 059

1 5752 839

1 486 1 393

937 1 322

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2016 2025

Cambodia Working Age Population by Age Group in 2016 and 2025 (%

and in '000)

55-64

45-54

35-44

25-34

15-24

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Ratio of Working Age Population (15-64) to Dependents: Cambodia vsASEAN Countries

Cambodia Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN

Sectoral Employment Growth, 1994-2015

Sector 1993-2012 1993-1999 1999-2008 2008-2009 2009-20122012-2015

Agriculture 1.71% 3.87% 0.05% 8.11% 0.38% 8.20%

Industry 10.70% 10.19% 12.82% 3.80% 7.79% 16.06%

Services 5.04% -0.43% 8.58% -3.26% 8.76% 14.26%

Total 3.46% 3.33% 3.32% 4.20% 3.90% 11.51%

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Sectoral Employment (% & ‘000), 2004-2013

Services (Tertiary)

Industry (Secondary)

Agriculture (Primary)

Agriculture ('000)

Industry ('000)

Service ('000)

Employment growth by skill level (%), 2004-2013

2004-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

2009-2010

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012-2013

2004-2013

2004-2013*

Highly skilled 4.5 8.4 -36.7 7.4 -12.4 17.4 15.8 0.6 6.8

Skilled (non-manual)

4.3 -13.9 41.4 17.6 -3.2 2.3 8.8 8.2 2.6

Skilled (manual)

20.8 2.8 -16.9 10.7 1.2 10.7 16.0 6.5 10.4

Elementary 11.6 40.7 9.2 2.8 9.8 -5.2 -7.4 8.8 8.7

Farmers -0.9 -6.7 2.3 -5.5 4.9 -9.4 -1.7 -2.4 -3.2

Total 3.9 -0.1 2.0 2.6 2.8 -2.4 3.3 1.7 1.7

Role of National Employment Agency (NEA)

Mandated to provide employment services and labor market information to job seekers, employers, employee, education/training providers, and the public (Sub-degree No. 67, 2009)

Mandated as the “Designated Statistical Unit” (Sub-degree No. 117, 2010) playing central role in:– Establishing and developing LMIS– Compiling, synthesizing, collecting and analyzing

data and information to be publicly disseminated as a easily accessible one-stop source of LMI

• NEA produces LMI from :– by-product of its functions (administrative records of

registered jobseekers, and collected vacancies & training info)

– primary source (surveys)– secondary source

Data Category Data Element Data Source

Admin. Records

Primary Secondary

Economic and trade Data

-GDP (growth, sector)-Inflation (CPI, GDP deflator)

-NIS: National Accounts- past &current-MEF: forecast

Population, Labor Force, Employment, Unemployment, ect.

Demographics, pop projection, employment (sector, occupation, age,gender, education, status, geographical); unemployment (age, education, geographical)

-NIS: Pop. Census, Establishment Census, Agriculture Census, ICPS, LFS, CSES, ESS-UN: World Population Prospect-Wittgenstein Centre Data: Education Attainment Projection

13

Data Category Data Element Data Source

Admin. Records Primary Secondary

Demand -Vacancies: real-time(sector, occupation, education, geographical)

- Future demand estimation & forecast and (sector, occupation)

NEA: advertisedvacancies

NEA estimation from records of CDC, MoC, MLVT: -approved investment projects -new company registration-request for employing workers

-NEA short term forecast (6-12 months) from Employer Survey data

-NEA medium-termforecast (3-5 years) from CSES and macro forecast

Supply Job seekers: real-time (sector, occupation, education, education)

NEA: registered jobseekers

Data Category Data Element Data Source

Admin. Records Primary Secondary

Supply (con’t) -Supply estimation and projection (stock, flow)

-education enrollment (EMIS), TVET enrollment (TVETMIS)

-Pop, labor force, & educational attainment projection (stock, flow): NIS (Pop Census), UN (pop prospect), Wittgenstein Centre Data (Education Attainment Projection)

Education and Training Information

Education and training institutions, programs, courses, and financial assistance

-NEA: advertised courses and programs-MLVT, MoEYS & others: registered courses and program

Education and training survey

How do we use our LMI?• Real-time data on vacancies and registered job seekers- for

assisting jobseekers in job search, matching and placement and employment counseling (quick access to LMI)

156.109

3.861

11.158

12.760

23.692

454

33

22

438

542

3.357

48.961

938

633

738

263.696

4.393

782

1.487

1.816

4.638

318

38

28

74

190

1.287

17.456

247

16

54

32.824

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Never/No Class Completed

Primary

L. Secondary

H. Secondary

HS Diploma

TVET Short Term Training

TVET Certificate I

TVET Certificate II

TVET Certificate III

Technician Diploma

Associate

Bachelor

Master

Ph.D.

Prof. Cert./License

Total

Vacancies and Jobseekers (real-time), 2010-2016 (May)

Vacancies Jobseekers

• For employment counseling: assisting jobseekers in acquiring job search skills and soft skills)

• For career and vocational counseling- assisting jobseekers to:

– select an appropriate occupation (self-assessment based on interests, personality, value & skills; and planning future career using LMI)

– identify skill gap & determine the most appropriate means of closing this gap

e.g. Results from employer survey on skill shortage and gap, andfuture forecast of employment demand (6-12 mons)

10,2

12,8

4,4

7,0

12,7

5,2

6,7

6,7

5,5

11,9

7,1

0 5 10 15

Accommodation

Construction

Education

Finance and insurance

Food and beverage

Garment, footwear,…

Health

ITC

Logistics, warehousing,…

Rubber and plastics

Total

Forecast of employment change by sector (Dec 2014 as base), %

3,5%

4,9%

4,9%

5,6%

7,0%

9,1%

12,6%

14,0%

15,4%

17,5%

19,6%

31,5%

39,2%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Strategic…

Numeracy skills

Office admin skills

Written…

Planning and…

Team working skills

Oral communication…

Advanced IT or…

Problem solving skills

Customer handling…

Basic computer…

Foreign language skills

Technical or practical…

Skills shortages among jobseekers reported by employers

• For informing planning and policy making:

– education, training, HR and labor market

– employment service and labor market programs

e.g. Sectoral Employment Growth Forecast

Sector 1993-2012 1993-1999 1999-2008 2008-2009 2009-2012 2012-2015

Agriculture 1.7% 3.9% 0.1% 8.1% 0.4% 8.2%

Industry 10.7% 10.2% 12.8% 3.8% 7.8% 16.1%

Service 5.0% -0.4% 8.6% -3.3% 8.8% 14.3%

Total 3.5% 3.3% 3.3% 4.2% 3.9% 11.5%

Source៖ Hyeok-Jeong (2013), Skills Need Assessment of Cambodia Labor Market in Policy Agenda for Cambodia in Developing Industrial Skills, Industrial Complex, and Agro-processing Industry, Korean Development Institute, 2013

Forecast of employment change by skill

Skill 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 Average

Managers 2,733 5,403 9,618 5,918

Professionals 368 35,435 65,028 33,610

Technicians 7,159 20,443 29,790 19,131

Clerks 59,394 93,506 141,589 98,163

Sales 144,145 248,415 342,095 244,885

Agricultural Skill

- 33,069 - 79,276 2,269 - 36,692

Craftsmen 147,962 166,274 209,058 174,431

Mechanics 2,231 48,338 12,530 21,033

Unskilled 463,414 530,629 699,662 564,568

Army - 1,351 845 3,258 917

Source៖ Hyeok-Jeong (2013), Skills Need Assessment of Cambodia Labor Market in Policy Agenda for Cambodia in Developing Industrial Skills, Industrial Complex, and Agro-processing Industry, Korean Development Institute, 2013

Our way forward• Cambodia LMI is still under-developed:

– not well-integrated system

– lack of comprehensive data collection and sources

– no systematic model for future anticipation and forecast of demand and supply

– lack of analytical capability

• Development of LMI is one of the focus of national development strategies, National Employment Policy (2015-2025), TVET Strategic Development Plan and Policy in order to:– Provide info on current and future demand and supply for

supporting individual entry into employment and career decision making; and education providers and government education, training and labor market planning and design

– reduce mismatch in labor market by better providing individual career guidance

– provide info on skill demand in occupations and industrial sectors which are fast-growing and in decline, and targeted for promotion by Cambodia Industrial Development Policy (2015-2025)

• NEA’s plan is to:– Expand our real-time database of advertised vacancies

and jobseekers for faster matching– Produce regularly labor market intelligence report from

administrative records, and secondary and primary data– Developing more integrated labor market forecasting

model including capability in analysis– More effective communication of the results for better

informing career decision, education/training curriculum & policy design; and for improving career guidance tools and service delivery.

Thank You!

www.nea.gov.khEmail: info@nea.gov.kh

Facebook: www.facebook.com/neakhmerTel: 023 884 692/088 678 5678