Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesWhy should you establish and maintain healthful

habits to care for your heart?

In this lesson, you’ll In this lesson, you’ll

learn to:learn to:

Lesson ObjectivesLesson Objectives

Examine different types of cardiovascular diseases.

Recognize the importance of early detection and warning signs that prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.

Identify risk behaviors and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Develop, analyze, and apply strategies related to the prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

A century ago, communicable diseases were a leading cause of death in the United States.

Today, however, major causes of death, such as heart disease and cancer, come from noncommunicable diseases.

Communicable and Noncommunicable DiseasesCommunicable and Noncommunicable Diseases

Your cardiovascular system transports blood to all parts of your body.

Without oxygen and other materials that blood carries, your cells would die. Sometimes diseases interfere with the pumping action of the heart or the movement of blood through blood vessels.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for more than 40 percent of all deaths in the United States, killing almost a million Americans each year.

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesWays to Avoid Risk of CVDWays to Avoid Risk of CVD

Avoid tobacco.

Get plenty of physical activity.

Maintain a healthful weight.

Follow an eating plan that is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.

Diseases of the Heart, Blood, and Blood VesselsDiseases of the Heart, Blood, and Blood Vessels

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis

Angina Pectoris

Arrhythmias

Heart Attack

Congestive Heart Failure

Stroke

HypertensionHypertension

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension is a major risk factor for other types of CVDs.

Hypertension can occur at any age, but it is more common among people over the age of 35.

High blood pressure can be lowered with strategies such as medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, and proper nutrition.

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

At birth, the lining of blood vessels is smooth and elastic. Over time, factors such as tobacco smoke, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels can damage the inner lining of the arteries.

Atherosclerosis causes the arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity.

It is caused mainly due to food choices—specifically, a high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol.

Diseases of the HeartDiseases of the Heart

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

Your heart pumps about 100,000 times a day every day to move blood to all parts of your body.

Just like every other organ, your heart needs the oxygen from blood to function.

When the blood supply to the heart is insufficient to provide enough oxygen, the result can be pain, damage to the heart muscle, or even sudden death.

Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

Treatment OptionsTreatment Options

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular Disease

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseAngina PectorisAngina Pectoris

Angina pectoris, which usually lasts from a few seconds to minutes, is a warning sign that the heart is temporarily not getting enough blood.

The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis.

Angina seldom causes permanent heart damage and sometimes can be treated with medication.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseArrhythmiasArrhythmias

Arrhythmias occur in millions of people who do not have underlying heart disease, and they usually don’t cause problems.

In one type of arrhythmia, called ventricular fibrillation, the electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid or irregular.

This is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest, in which the heart stops beating without warning. Without immediate emergency help, death follows within minutes.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart AttackHeart Attack

A heart attack is damage to the heart muscle caused by a reduced or blocked blood supply.

Many heart attacks are sudden and cause intense chest pain, but one in four produces no symptoms and is detected only when routine tests are done later.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseCongestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure

A heart attack is an immediate response to stress on the heart. Sometimes, however, the heart gradually weakens to the point that it cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force. The result is a condition called congestive heart failure.

Strategies for managing congestive heart failure include medication and the establishment of healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as a good nutrition and adequate physical activity.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseStrokeStroke

When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain, a stroke may occur.

Stroke can affect different parts of the body, depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygen.

It can also occur as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseWhy Teens Are at RiskWhy Teens Are at Risk

The behaviors established during your teen years and early adult life determine, in large part, your risk of developing CVD.

Autopsy results of adolescents who died from causes other than CVD have revealed that one in six already had evidence of CVD.

Those who had a history of known risk factors, such as smoking or diabetes, were more likely to have blood-vessel damage.

Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseTypes of Cardiovascular DiseaseRisk Factors for Cardiovascular DiseaseRisk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Factors That You Can Control Factors That You Cannot Control

Heredity

Gender

Age

Tobacco use

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Physical inactivity

Excess weight

Stress

Drug and alcohol use