career counselling ppt

8/10/2019 Career Counselling Ppt

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Career Counseling Strategies and

Techniques for the 21st Century

Chapter 8


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Career Development

Interventions Career development interventions provide

the historical foundation for the counseling

profession (Dorn).

The counseling field emerged from three

distinct movements (Herr & Cramer):

vocational/career guidance

psychological measurement

personality development


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What Do We Know?

There is a positive relationship betweencounselor confidence in establishing a

therapeutic relationship and clientconfidence in coping with career transitions.

Career counseling clients devoteconsiderable attention to noncareerconcerns in sessions.


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What We Know

Career counselors tend to give information

and set limits more frequently during career

counseling than during general counseling.

Career counseling participants identify

aspects of self-exploration, support, andeducating as the most important and helpful

career counseling interventions.


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What We Know

There seems to be a close relationship

between the processes of psychotherapy and

career counseling.

Developing an effective working alliance is

critical to positive outcomes in careercounseling.


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Characteristics of This Approach

Counselor is in charge of the process.

Counselor is directive and authoritative.

Clients are passive recipients of a

predetermined test battery.

Career counseling becomes something that

is done toclients rather than something the

counselor and client participate in

collaboratively.


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Career Counseling and Mental

Health Counseling (Niles & Pate) Given the relationship between work and

mental health, it is perplexing that there has

been an artificial distinction between careercounseling and mental healthcounseling.

Career counseling and personal counseling

are often referred to as if they werecompletely separate entities.

In fact, there are few things more personal

than a career choice.


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Career Counseling in the 21st

Century (CACREP)

Career counseling is both a counseling

specialtyand

a core elementof the general practice of

counseling.


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Crites View

The need for career counseling is greater

than the need for psychotherapy.

Career counseling

can be therapeutic.

should follow psychotherapy.

is more effective than psychotherapy.

is more difficult than psychotherapy.


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Definition of Career Counseling

(Brown and Brooks)

Career counselingis an interpersonal

process designed to assist individuals with

career development problems.


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Designing Career Counseling

Strategies for the 21st Century Career counselors must respond to

global unemployment

corporate downsizing

jobless economy

global competition of small companies via

information highwayworkerless factories


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Designing Career Counseling Strategies for

the 21st Century, continued

redefinition of social contract between

employers and employees

increase in the number of companies offeringdaycare and parental leave

increase in the number of families with dual

incomes

increase in the number of people working from

home


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Requirements of Todays

Workplace Using computer technology

Engaging in lifelong learning

Interacting effectively with diverse co-workers

Tolerating ambiguity in job security

Being vigilant about maintaining a highlevel of self and occupational awareness tomaintain marketability


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Classifying Forms of Client

Resistance

Response quantity resistance

Response content resistance

Response style resistance

Logistic management resistance


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Types of Support

Emotional support

Informational support

Assessment support


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Savickas Career Style

Assessment

Identify life themes (early experiences, role

models, books, movies, etc.).

Turn life themes into career goals.


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Types of Clients Who Benefit

from Subjective Interventions

Indecisive clients

Difficult cases or clients who have

received but not profited from counseling

Mid-career changers

Culturally diverse clients


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Strengths of Subjective

Assessments Help clients understand themselves at a deep level

Help clients consider the relevance of their life

experiences to their career development Help clients attach a sense of purpose to their

activities

Are inexpensive to use

Actively engage clients in the counselingprocess

Results are clearly connected to client responses


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Strengths of Objective

Assessments Allow client to make comparisons with

others

Are outcome-oriented

Do not require as much counselor time as

subjective assessments

Provide a useful starting point for

subsequent consideration of career options


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Phases of the Career Counseling Process

(Gysbers, Heppner, & Johnston)

Opening phase

Phase of information-gathering

Working phase

Final phase


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Phases of the Career Counseling

Process (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey) Beginning or Initial Phase

establish effective relationship

begin to gather information about the client

define preliminary goals for counseling

Middle or Working Phase

explore concerns and goals in depth

develop and implement a specific plan of action


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Phases of the Career Counseling Process (Niles &

Harris-Bowlsbey), continued

Ending or Termination Phase

Connect the work done in the beginning and

middle phases by assessing clients current

status

Relate current status to clients goals forcounseling


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Premature Closure in Career

Counseling (Brown & Brooks) Clients believe they have achieved their

goal.

The career counseling experience does notmeet the clients expectations.

Clients fear what might be uncovered in

career counseling.

Clients lack commitment to counseling.


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Questions to Ask About

Termination Did I

review the contentof what happened in

counseling?review the processof what happened in

counseling?

reemphasize the clients strengths that wereevident in counseling?

evaluate what went well and what went poorly?


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Career Counseling Groups

Group counselingoffers a mode of service

delivery that can be used instead of, or inaddition to, individual counseling.

Hansen and Cramer describe group

counseling as an intervention for 5-15members, with 5-8 members viewed as

optimal.


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Career Counseling Groups,

continued Structured career counseling groups address

a specific issue that is a common concern.

Structured career counseling groupstypically meet for 3-7 sessions.

Less structured career counseling groups

focus on the intrapersonal and interpersonalconcerns that clients have about career

development.


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Career Counseling Groups,

continued

Less structured career counseling groups

tend to be more affective-oriented thanstructured groups.

Less structured groups meet over a longer

period of time than structured groups.


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Stages in Group Career

Counseling (Pyle)

Opening stage

Investigation stage

Working stage

Decision/Operational stage


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Why Use Career Groups?

(Kivlighan) Members learn new information about

themselves and others.

Members receive social and emotionalsupport from other group members.

Members learn from peers who are in

similar situations.

Members can share resources and ideas.


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Criteria for Successful Groups

Members

are in open communication with each other.

share a common goal.

set norms that direct and guide their activities.

develop a set of roles to play within the group.

develop a network of interpersonal attraction.work toward satisfaction of individual needs.

career counselling ppt

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