case study of indonesia on research and development
TRANSCRIPT
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Maryoko HadiResearch Center for Human SettlementsResearch and Development AgencyMinistry of Public Works
Case Study of Indonesia on Research and Development
Background
• During the last three years, earthquakes disasters created tremendous damages and losses.
• Many residential building designs which are accepted as earthquake resistance have no classification and certification
• Many earthquake resistance residential buildings have been designed not according to local tradition an environmental needs
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Nabire November 2004
Background
Nias March 2005
During the last three years, earthquakes disasters created tremendous damages and losses
Aceh December 2004
Background
Yogyakarta May 2006
Pangandaran July 2006
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Damage of Reinforce Concrete Houses
Basic Detail Mistaken
Beam-Column Joint Reinforcement
Low quality concrete and unsufficient reinforcement
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Damage of Wooden Houses
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The World Tectonic Map
INDONESIA
Indonesia’s Tectonic Map
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Seismicity of Indonesia, 1990-2000
Destructible Earthquake in Indonesia, 1800 - 2004
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Indonesia’s EQ Risk Map
Indonesian Traditional Houses
North Sumatera (Batak) (1975)West Java (Sukabumi) (1978)
West Lampung (Liwa) (1994)Banda Aceh (2006)
Some Examples of Indigenous Buildings in Indonesia“The Fading Architecture”
Courtesy of Teddy Boen
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• An alternative strategy for stabilizing the lower part of a post and beam building is to anchor the posts in a crossed-log foundation.
• This was common in Sulawesi and North Sumatera.
• Another method is to add diagonal struts or braces as applied in Nias.
• The massive foundation posts of the house are braced by equally massive diagonal struts.
• The latter are probably an adaptive response to earthquake stresses in the region of constant seismic activity.
Courtesy of Bambang Subiyanto
Roof Formation
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Indonesian Modern Houses
Aceh (2006) Aceh (2006)
Yogyakarta (2006) Yogyakarta (2006)
Earthquake Resistant Houses after disaster
Precast Concrete RISHA
Conventional RC Frame-Masonry
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Earthquake Resistant Houses after disaster
Steel Frame House
Plastic House
Earthquake Resistant House After disaster
Wooden Houses
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Earthquake Resistant House After disaster
Wooden Houses
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Organization ChartMINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
MINISTRY
CONSTRUCTION, INVESTMENT AND
HRD AGENCY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AGENCYSECRETARY
GENERALINSPECTORATE
GENERAL
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
SPATIAL PLANNING
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
WATER RESOURCES
STAFF EXPERTS
FUNCTION OCCUPATION
GROUP
Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS)
164 325 7
1. Main Building2. Building Material Laboratory3. Environmental Laboratory
4. Fire Testing Laboratory5. Building Structure Laboratory6. Workshop7. Utility Building
F A C I L I T I E SF A C I L I T I E S
CAMPUS
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Building Research Institute (BRI).(LPMB)
1953 – 1975
Directorate of Building Research (DBR) under the Directorate General of Human Settlements of the Ministry of Public Works (MOPW).
1975 – 1984
Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS) under the Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Public Works
1984 – 1999
Research Institute for Human Settlements Technology (RIHST) under the Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Settlements and Regional Development (MOSRD).
1999 – 2000
Research Institute for Human Settlements in short (RIHS) , Agency for Research and Development of the Ministry of Settlements and Regional Infrastructures (MOSRI) – Ministry of Public Works (MOPW)
2000 – 2001-2005
Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS)History
Research Institute for Human Settlements, (RIHS)
DIRECTOR OF RIHS
DIVISION OF PLANNING & PROGRAMMING
DIVISION OF DISSEMINATION
BUILDING STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION
LABORATORY
BUILDING & SPATIAL PLANNING
LABORATORYBULIDING SCIENCE
LABORATORY
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
LABORATORY
BUILDING MATERIALS
LABORATORY
DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATION
REGIONAL SUB LABORATORYMEDAN CILACAP SEMARANG YOGYAKARTA MAKASSARDENPASAR
GROUP OF RESEARCHERS
Organization Chart
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To implement a part of Agency for R & D task in the field of Human Settlements and building construction according to the policy of Director General Agency for R & D
1. Programming R & D and standardization in the field of human settlements;2. Implementing of R & D and standardization activities in the field of human
settlements3. Evaluating and analyzing the utilization of R & D products and standards;4. Coordinating of dissemination and socialization of R & D products and
standards;5. Developing corporation of R & D management in the field of human
settlements;6. Implementing testing and preparation of technical advice on building
materials, formulation of building structure, building science, clean water, waste water, solid waste, drainage and sanitation;
7. Implementing of administrative service and general affairs within the RIHS.
MAIN TASKMAIN TASK
FUNCTION
Research Institute for Human Settlements, (RIHS)
EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT Technology Developed by RIHS
Very simple house model using low cost materials
Interlock Block System technology
Fiber Concrete Panel House model (ARCON type)
Transmigration house model using prefabricated timber technology
Maissonet two store house model using ceramic hollow block
LOW-COST HOUSINGDEVELOPMENTS SUPPORTED BY LOW COST MATERIALS AND HABITS AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYBamboo mat houses developed
by community based system
Middle Story Low Cost Housing using concrete panel pre-cast
Middle story Low Cost Housing applying hollow block concrete technology (Semarang)
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EXAMPLES…… . .
PILOT PLAN FOR PRODUCTION UNIT DEVELOPMENT FOR BUILDING AND HOUSING COMPONENTS
Manual system model for producing hollow block
Machinery system model for producing building panel
Example of product
Machinery system model for producing hollow block
Setting equipment
Various Types of Roofing Tile ►
Application of Prefabricated Timber as A Model House in the
Transmigration Areas ►
THE TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING COMPONENTS BASED ON CLAY AND TREATED SOIL
THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF FAST GROWING SPECIES OF WOOD FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS;
EXAMPLES…… . .
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Various Blockfrom Hybrid Coconut
Waste ►▲ Various Types of
Paving Block
THE UTILIZATION OF BAMBOOS AND OTHER NON-WOOD PLANTS FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS
THE EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF CONCRETE AND THE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS;
EXAMPLES…… . .
Reseach and Development on Anti-Seismic Building
• Metoda dalam pembuatan peta mikrozonasi resiko gempa
• Rumah sederhana tahan gempa (Struktur beton, kayu)
• Rumah sederhana pracetak tahan gempa (RISHA)
• Sistem beton pracetak tahan gempa untuk rumah susun sampai 10 lantai
• Sistem panel beton pracetak tahan gempa untuk rumah susunsampai 5 lantai
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IntroductionIntroduction
RCHSARDMPW
Indonesian lifestyle for instant
Fast to constructLow Cost of ConstructionGood Quality : strong, safe, confortableFlexibel : free design, local building materials
Simple and HealthySimple and HealthyInstant House
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Construction Modul System Risha
Modul making SINGLE MODUL
Construction process
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Form Works
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Light Weight
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Structural Testing due to Earthquake Load
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Kurva Beban Lateral Puncak Vs Pergeseran Lateral
Kurva Beban Lateral Puncak Vs Pergeseran Lateral
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.01.5
2.0
2.5
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Pergeseran Lateral (mm)
Beba
n La
tera
l ( to
n.f )
∆y(+)
∆y(-)∆i(-)
∆i(+)
Py(+) = 1.35t
Pi(+) = 1.26t
Pi(+)=1.26t
Py(+)= 1.45t
Shear force design (Pi):
P i(teoritical) = 1,265 ton (tanah keras)
Pi= 1,372 t (tanah sedang)
Pi= 1,449 t (tanah lunak)
Gaya geser gempa hasil uji:
P y(+) = 1.35 ton
∆ y(+) = 18.10 mm
P max(+) =2.16 ton
Daktilitas µ (+) = 5.49P y(-) = 1.45 ton∆ y(-) = 18.04 mmP max(-) =2.30 ton
Daktilitas µ (-) = 5.07
RRishaisha
Implemented ofImplemented of RRishaisha
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Growing House Type-1
RSH 36 RSH 36 SistemSistem RRishaishaLb 36, Lt 100Lb 36, Lt 100
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Flexibility of RISHA componentFlexibility of RISHA component
Public building by RISHA Public building by RISHA component : component :
1. Mosque2. Clinic3. Government office4. Educational building
Model for ordinary school or Model for ordinary school or Islamic schoolIslamic school
Use for the fence component
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SMALL MOSQUE
Mosque
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Local Government Office
Public ClinicBuilding Area : 112. 5 m2
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Bandung
Bongkar
Banda Aceh
Tarkim Jabar
Cileunyi Puskim
Menpera Center Banda Aceh
2 lt bangun ulang
• Wood is a renewable material
• Fast growing trees is a never end resource material
Resource of solid wood from nature forest decreasing
Eco-house prospectWood utilization
Healthy designLow energy
Courtesy of MHP
• Acacia Mangium is a fast growing species
10 years old
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Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Sengon Wood Rubber Wood
Acacia mangiumSengon Wood
Engineered Wood (LVL)
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•• Wood is a renewable building materialWood is a renewable building material
•• Plant Forest who produce an fast growing trees are Plant Forest who produce an fast growing trees are a potential resource for building material in a potential resource for building material in IndonesiaIndonesia
•• The fast growing trees are the basic material for The fast growing trees are the basic material for engineered wood such Laminated Veneer Lumber engineered wood such Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and (LVL) and GlulamGlulam
Anti-Seismic Design For Wooden Multi Story Residential Building (MSRB)
Design concept of three stories A-Seismic wooden MSRB
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Beam Componentmade of LVL and Plywood
Column Componentmade of LVL
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Construction of LVL MSRB Model
Full scale column test
LVL column separates
Axial load Test of Column component
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Load max
Load Max; 382,10 kNDeformation; 17,77 mm
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Main Beam during test
Load position on main beam
Beam Componen Flexure Test
Max Load for Main Beam; 30,40 kNDisplacement; 14,15 mm
Load max of secondary beam; 19,55 kNDisplacement; 14,05 mm
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Secondary beam curve
Balok2
Balok1
Damage of web beam Damage of web and flange beam
Main beam curve
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
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Full scale LVL apartment structural system during testing
Water loading method for full scale LVL apartment structural
system test
LVL MSRB structural system test
-50-40-30-20-10
01020304050
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Hysteresis of LVL MSRB structural test
-50-40-30-20-10
01020304050
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Hysteresis and envelop of LVL MSRB structural test
Envelop of LVL MSRB structural test
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Standard, Guideline and Manual Preparation
STANDARD & GUIDELINES PREPARATION CYCLES
R & D CONCEPT OFSPM (STANDARD,
GUIDELINE, MANUAL)
AGREED SPM
TECHNICAL & CONCENSUS
MEETING
MANDATORY SPM
APLICATIONGovernment Regulation, Presidential Regulation,
Ministerial Decree, Local Govt. Regulation, Contract, Other
lower legal type Scheme
Test Methods, Specification,Technical Guideline, Technical Directives, Procedures etc
Prototype (lab Scale, 1 to 1 Scale, Area Based Scale
Monitoring, Evaluation & Validation
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• The demand for standard in human settlement field is rather high,
• RCHS prepared the standard items which are technical for publication, while the legality of publication is done by the National Standardization Agency (BSN).
• The RCHS makes use its research product, but it may also adopt foreign countries standard which is suitable for Indonesian condition.
• The preparation of a standard is done by a group of experts, researchers, academics, professional, association members, government officials which are related to the prepared standard.
Standard for Building Structures and Constructions
The following are some standard prepared by RCHS,
• Standard for design of reinforced concrete structure building
• Standard for design of steel structure building• Standard for design of timber structure building• Standard for design of Anti-seismic building
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Standard, Guideline and Manual Dissemination
• Seminars, trainings,Technical Advice in the structure and construction of anti-seismic building
• Construct the model of Anti-seismic houses for several structural type
Dissemination of standard are carried out by the central as well as local government by means :
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Nabire, Papua 2004• Earthquake on February 5th 2004• Earthquake on November 26th 2004
Example 1 :
Papua Earthquake tectonic and fault map
NABIRE
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Second Earthquake November 26th 2004
First Earthquake on February 5th 2004
Nabire’s geologycal map
NABIRE
• RCHS Anti-seismic Church Design
• Construct by Professional Contractor
Church at Smoker, Nabire, Papua
First Earthquake First Earthquake
Second Earthquake Second Earthquake
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• RCHS Anti-seismic Church Design
• Construct by Professional Contractor collaboration with the Owner
First Earthquake
Second Earthquake Second Earthquake
Church at Nabire, Papua
Mosque at Nabire, Papua
First Earthquake
Second Earthquake
Falling masonry wall during construction when earthquake strike
Second Earthquake
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Aceh & Nias 2006• Aceh Earthquake on December 26th 2004• Nias Earthquake on March 28th 2005
Example 2 :
USGS Information about 26th December 2004 and March 28th 2005 Earthquakes
Nias Island
Aceh
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Full scale Anti-seismic house model under construction
Anti-seismic house construction workshop
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Conclusion
• Earthquake resistance buildings should be design according to local tradition and environmental needs
• To improve earthquake awarness of the community in seismically active region, a public campaign should be held concerning earthquake prepardness.
• especially about the structure and construction of anti-seismic buildings technology which is suitable for the up-to-date anti-seismic building.
• Furthermore, it should be suitable for the traditional technology for construction of residential building.