CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008Intelligent Transportation Systems

(ITS)

CEE 320Anne Goodchild

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Both oppose increasing the gas tax

• Obama• Opposed gas tax holiday• Invest in developing

alternative energy rather than drilling offshore

• Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development

• Invest in “smart growth”• Infrastructure reinvestment

bank • $150 billion for clean energy

over 10 years• Modernize infrastructure –

ASCE D rating, 3 trillion unmet needs

• McCain• Supported gas tax holiday• Exploit remaining US oil

deposits• Small federal role in

transportation, strong input from state and local governments

• State’s should get back their investment in the highway trust fund

• $.3 billion for battery technology

• Modernize infrastructure

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Outline

• Need for traffic solutions• Improving technology

– Improved wireless networks– Low energy requirements– Improved management systems– Increased appetite for technology

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Road Use Growth

From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2003

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Changes in Congested Peak-Period Travel

Change in Congested Peak-Period Travel (1982-2000)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1982 1990 1994 2000

Year

Per

cent

of

Pea

k-P

erio

d T

rave

l in

Con

gest

ion

Los Angeles, CA

Seattle-Everett, WA

Boston, MA

Denver, CO

New York, NY-Northeastern, NJ

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Problems Caused by Congestion

• Increased…– Travel time– Travel cost– Air pollution– Accident risk– …..

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Hig

hw

ay C

apac

ity

Full Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H

igh

way

Cap

acit

y

Remaining Effective Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

Incidents can comprise 50% of peak period congestion.1 min delay in clearance = 4 to 5 min of traffic backup.

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H

igh

way

Cap

acit

y

Remaining Effective Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

Caltrans reports 20% of freeway centerline miles are under construction.

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H

igh

way

Cap

acit

y

Remaining Effective Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

75% of NHS is subject to snow & 100% is subject to rain.

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H

igh

way

Cap

acit

y

Remaining Effective Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

Special events and disasters further restrict capacity

Periodic events can cause further restrict capacity.

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H

igh

way

Cap

acit

y

Remaining Effective Capacity

How Much Capacity Is There?

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

Special events and disasters further restrict capacity

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Options

• Construct new roads– Covered in geometric design– Not likely to happen on a large scale

• Reduce Traffic– Travel demand management– Alternative transportation

• Increase existing infrastructure capacity– Often exploits the intelligent transportation

systems (ITS)

All of these are required, and there will (probably) still be congestion

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Construction Is Part of the Solution

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Option 1: Construction

Highway Construction Cost Sampling

Project Total Cost Lane-Miles

Cost per

Lane-Mile

Route 3, North Boston $395.0 million 42 $9.4 million

I-4 Tampa to Orlando $403.0 million 73 $5.5 million

I-5 Oregon $30.0 million 5.16 $5.8 million

US 26 Sunset Hwy. Oregon $10.6 million 2.24 $4.8 million

US 12 near Walla Walla River $36.4 million 25 $1.5 million

US 101 on Olympic Peninsula $1.8 million 0.8 $2.2 million

General ConclusionHighways cost $1 to $10 million per lane-mile to build

San Francisco’s Embarcadero Freeway: Removed 1991

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Option 2: Reduce Traffic or Spread Demand

• Make the trip using another mode– Extra capacity

• Don’t make the trip– Pricing– Controls

• Make the trip at adifferent time– Pricing– Controls

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Sounder Commuter Rail

• Tacoma-Seattle– Began 2000– 4 trips each way daily

• Everett-Seattle– Began 2003– 2 trips each way daily

New Slide

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008New Slide

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Seattle-Everett Interurban Railway Co. (1907)

Asahel Curtis Photo Company Collection, University of Washington Digital Collection

New Slide

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Sounder vs. Interurban

Sounder Interurban

Tacoma service 2000 – present 1902 – 1928

Everett service 2003 – present 1910 – 1939

One-way trip time 52 – 58 minutes 70 – 100 minutes

Daily departures from Seattle 6 37

Number of stops 9 30

Top speed 80 mph 60 mph

One-way fare $3.00-$4.00 $0.60inflation adjusted: $12.00

Hauled freight? No Yes

Owner Sound Transit Puget Sound Energy

New Slide

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Option 2: Alternative Transport

SkyTran: Personal MagLev Transporter

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity

• An alternative to expensive new highway construction is the implementation of strategies that promote more efficient utilization of transportation infrastructures.

• Simple:– More people per vehicle (carpool, bus)– Smaller vehicles (motorcycles)– Narrow lanes

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity

• More complex:– Vehicle automation – Variable speed limits– Variable use facilities– Traffic monitoring– Ramp meters

• Many rely on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aims to reduce travel time, ease delay and congestion, improve safety, and reduce pollutant emissions

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS

• Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)– Managing incidents

• Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)– Giving users information about the system

• Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)– Simplifies regulations (with benefits)

• Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)– Reduce obstacles to use, give priority to vehicles

• Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)– Safer, more efficient driving

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Advanced Traffic Management Systems

Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

ATMS: Snoqualmie Pass

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Advanced Traveler Information Systems

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

ATIS: trafficgauge

htt

p:/

/ww

w.t

raffi

cgau

ge.c

om

/in

dex.h

tml

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

WAP Traffic

www.wiresoft.net/traffic/seattle

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

ATIS: Traffic Cameras

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Commercial Vehicle Operations

• Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically

• Share of common trucking data across agencies • Exchange information electronically with

roadside enforcement personnel• Electronic “screening” of trucks for safety or

other regulatory violations• Share information across state lines and with

Federal information systems

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

CVO: Weigh-In-Motion System

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Advanced Public Transportation Systems

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

An Example of APTS

http://busview.its.washington.edu/busview_launch.jsp?maps=gif

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

APTS: Bus Signal Priority

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

APTS: Smart Cards

• No need for change• Interoperable with

other transit agencies• Transit agency can

track passengers for better system design and cost control

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Advanced Vehicle Control Systems

Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC)

System

Lexus LS430/460, ES-350Benz S-Class, E55, AMG, CLS, SL, CLAcura RLAudi A6, A8, Q7Cadillac DTS, STS, XLRHonda LegendInfinity M, Q45Jaguar XK-RBMW 3, 5, 7 SeriesNisan PrimeraRange Rover SportToyota Sienna XLE, AvalonVolkswagon Phaeton, PassatRenault Vel SatisVolvo S80

New Slide

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

VW and Google Earth

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

CE

E 3

20F

all 2

008

Windows Live Local Street Level