Cellular TransportCellular Transport7.47.4

DiffusionDiffusion

Baking cookies aromaBaking cookies aroma Particles in G, L, S are in constant motionParticles in G, L, S are in constant motion Brownian motionBrownian motion substances dissolved in water substances dissolved in water

moving constantly in random motionmoving constantly in random motion DiffusionDiffusion caused by random motion. caused by random motion.

Net movement of particles from high concentration to low Net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentrationconcentration

Moving from a high concentration to a low Moving from a high concentration to a low concentration require no energy (passive transport)concentration require no energy (passive transport)

DemoDemo

Red and Blue mix (a result of diffusion) to Red and Blue mix (a result of diffusion) to create a purple colorcreate a purple color

Eventually the colors will have become fully Eventually the colors will have become fully mixed. Even though there is movement there mixed. Even though there is movement there will not be a change in concentration. will not be a change in concentration. (dynamic equilibrium achieved)(dynamic equilibrium achieved)

Rate of DiffusionRate of Diffusion

Three factors affect the rate of diffusionThree factors affect the rate of diffusion TemperatureTemperature ConcentrationConcentration PressurePressure

When any of those 3 increase…So does When any of those 3 increase…So does DiffusionDiffusion

Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion

Transport Proteins move ions and small Transport Proteins move ions and small molecules (Na+ or glucose) across the plasma molecules (Na+ or glucose) across the plasma membrane membrane

OsmosisOsmosis

The diffusion of water across a selective The diffusion of water across a selective permeable membranepermeable membrane

Water will move across the membrane to Water will move across the membrane to balance the concentration on either side balance the concentration on either side

Isotonic SolutionIsotonic Solution

A cell that is in a solution of the same A cell that is in a solution of the same concentration of water and solutes as the cells concentration of water and solutes as the cells cytoplasm, the cell is an isotonic solutioncytoplasm, the cell is an isotonic solution

IsoIso Equal Equal There is no net movement of waterThere is no net movement of water

Hypotonic SolutionHypotonic Solution

A cell in a solution of lower concentration of A cell in a solution of lower concentration of solutesolute There is more Water outside the cell than insideThere is more Water outside the cell than inside

HypoHypoUnderUnder Net movement of water is into the cellNet movement of water is into the cell

Hypertonic SolutionHypertonic Solution

The concentration of the solute outside of the The concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than insidecell is higher than inside There is more water inside the cell than outsideThere is more water inside the cell than outside

HyperHyperAboveAbove Net movement of water is out of the cellNet movement of water is out of the cell

Active TransportActive Transport

Moving from a region of LOW concentration Moving from a region of LOW concentration to a region with a HIGH concentrationto a region with a HIGH concentration

Active transportActive transport Moving against the Moving against the concentration gradient. It requires energy.concentration gradient. It requires energy.

Accomplished by Pump proteinsAccomplished by Pump proteins

Sodium-Potassium ATPase pumpSodium-Potassium ATPase pump

Common Active Transport PumpCommon Active Transport Pump Pump found in plasma membrane of animalsPump found in plasma membrane of animals Moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell against Moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell against

the concentration gradientthe concentration gradient

Transporting Large ParticlesTransporting Large Particles

EndocytosisEndocytosis process by allowing a large process by allowing a large particle outside the cell to enter the cellparticle outside the cell to enter the cell

Plasma membrane dimples and pinches around Plasma membrane dimples and pinches around the particle allowing it to enter without the particle allowing it to enter without destroying the membranedestroying the membrane

Process results in a vacuole or vesicleProcess results in a vacuole or vesicle

ExocytosisExocytosis

Secretion of materials at the plasma membraneSecretion of materials at the plasma membrane The reverse of EndocytosisThe reverse of Endocytosis

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