cerebrovascular intro

7/29/2019 Cerebrovascular Intro

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CEREBROVASCULAR

ACCIDENT


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What is CVA?

Cerebrovascular Accident is a sudden loss

of function resulting from disruption of the

blood supply to a part of the brain. Stroke,

also called brain attack or ischemic stroke,

happens when the arteries leading to the

brain are blocked or ruptured.


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STATISTICS

According to the World Health Organization, 15 millionpeople suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5million die and another 5 million are permanentlydisabled.

According to the latest WHO data published in April 2011Stroke Deaths in Philippines reached 40,245 or 9.55% oftotal deaths. The age adjusted the Death Rate is 82.77per 100,000 of population ranks Philippines #106 in theworld.

According to National Statistical Coordination Boardposted in April 2012 Stroke Deaths in 40,201 or 18.7%.


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Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic Stroke

>Cerebral Thrombus

>Cerebral Embolism2. Hemorrhagic Stroke

>Cerebral Hemorrhage

>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage


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WHAT CAUSES A STROKE?

The blockage of an artery in the brain by a

clot (thrombosis) is the most common

cause of a stroke. The part of the brain

that is supplied by the clotted blood vesselis then deprived of blood and oxygen.


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Potentially treatable risk factors

High blood pressure

Cigarette smoking or exposure to

secondhand smoke

High cholesterol

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine andmethamphetamines.


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Other risk factors

Personal or family history of stroke, heart

attack or TIA.

55 years old and above

Race African-Americans

Gender Men


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SYMPTOMS OF STROKE

Weakness

Sudden loss of strength or sudden numbness

in the face, arm or leg, even if temporary

Trouble Speaking

Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding orsudden confusion, even if temporary.


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Vision Problems

Sudden trouble with vision, even if temporary.

Headache

Sudden severe and unusual headache.

Dizziness

Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of the

above signs.


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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF

STROKE?

ThrombolyticsThrombolytic (fibrinolytic) drugs help

reestablish blood flow to the brain by

dissolving the clots, which are blockingthe flow.

Example

anistreplase (Eminase) streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)

urokinase (Abbokinase)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabikinase&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabikinase&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplase


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Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

>There is opportunity to use alteplase (TPA)as a clot-buster drug to dissolve the bloodclot that is causing the stroke.

>TPA is injected into a vein in the arm but,the time frame for its use may be extendedto six hours if it is dripped directly into the

blood vessel that is blocked requiringangiography, which is performed by aninterventional radiologist.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15616http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15616


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Heparin and aspirin

Drugs to thin the blood (anticoagulation;

for example, heparin) are also

sometimes used in treating strokepatients in the hopes of improving the

patient's recovery.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=44455http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=44455


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ll.OBJECTIVES

General Objectives:

At the end of this case study, the

student is expected to acquire

adequate knowledge , attitude and

skills in providing holistic care for

patients who has cerebrovascular

disease with the cooperation of thefamily and the significant others and

with the collaboration with other health

care team.


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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

After an hour of teacherlearner

interaction ,the learner will be able to:

-relate the patients history and stage of

growth and development

-define cerebrovascular accident or stroke-state the different types of stroke

-review the anatomy and physiology of

central nervous system


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-explain the pathophysiology

of CVA

-enumerate signs and

symptoms manifested with

patients having CVA-formulate a comprehensive

nursing care plan


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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

MOTMOT

cerebrovascular intro

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