Ch 19: Diversity of Protists

Ch 19: Diversity of Protists

Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants or fungi. They share some but not all of the features of plants, animals, and fungi. They can be single celled or multi

cellular, microscopic or large

Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants or fungi. They share some but not all of the features of plants, animals, and fungi. They can be single celled or multi

cellular, microscopic or large

Types of ProtistsTypes of Protists

Divided into three broad categories:Animal-like protistsPlant-like protistsFungus-like protists

Divided into three broad categories:Animal-like protistsPlant-like protistsFungus-like protists

Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists

Also known as ProtozoaUnicellular but move around,

consume other organisms, and have no chloroplasts

Also known as ProtozoaUnicellular but move around,

consume other organisms, and have no chloroplasts

Protozoa with FlagellaProtozoa with Flagella

Zooflagellates- have one or more flagella

Flagella are tail-like structures that help unicellular organisms swim

HeterotrophicOver 2000 species of

zooflagellates exist.

Zooflagellates- have one or more flagella

Flagella are tail-like structures that help unicellular organisms swim

HeterotrophicOver 2000 species of

zooflagellates exist.

Protozoa with PseudopodsProtozoa with Pseudopods

- Means fake footTemporary extension of cytoplasm

and cell membrane that helps protozoa move and feed**Amoebas are protists with

pseudopods

- Means fake footTemporary extension of cytoplasm

and cell membrane that helps protozoa move and feed**Amoebas are protists with

pseudopods

Protozoa with CiliaProtozoa with Cilia

Ciliates have cilia- short, hair-like structures that cover some or all of the cell surfaceHelp cell swim or capture

foodOver 8000 species of

ciliates **Example = Paramecium

Ciliates have cilia- short, hair-like structures that cover some or all of the cell surfaceHelp cell swim or capture

foodOver 8000 species of

ciliates **Example = Paramecium

Some Cause Infectious Diseases

Some Cause Infectious Diseases

Phylum Apicomplexa includes 4000 parasitic species

Malaria is an example of a disease caused by protozoan Plasmodium

Malaria results in fever, vomiting, kidney and liver malfunction, and if not treated coma and death

GiardiaCaused by Giardia zooflagellateCauses intestinal disease from drinking water

contaminated with feces of infected animals

Phylum Apicomplexa includes 4000 parasitic species

Malaria is an example of a disease caused by protozoan Plasmodium

Malaria results in fever, vomiting, kidney and liver malfunction, and if not treated coma and death

GiardiaCaused by Giardia zooflagellateCauses intestinal disease from drinking water

contaminated with feces of infected animals

Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists Single celled or multi-

cellular Don’t have roots, stems,

leaves, specialized tissues Examples:

Phytoplankton = single celled (provide about 1/2 of the oxygen in the atmosphere)

Volvox= live in coloniesMulit-cellular include

seaweeds and kelps

Single celled or multi-cellular

Don’t have roots, stems, leaves, specialized tissues

Examples:Phytoplankton = single

celled (provide about 1/2 of the oxygen in the atmosphere)

Volvox= live in coloniesMulit-cellular include

seaweeds and kelps

AlgaeAlgae

Photosynthetic plantlike protistGreen, brown and red algae

Photosynthetic plantlike protistGreen, brown and red algae

Algal BloomsAlgal BloomsA. Caused by large input of a limiting A. Caused by large input of a limiting

nutrient nutrient (due to runoff from fertilized (due to runoff from fertilized

fields)fields) the result is an increase in the the result is an increase in the

amount of amount of algaealgae and other and other producers. producers.

Green, yellowish-brown, or red Green, yellowish-brown, or red colorcolor

B. More nutrients available = more B. More nutrients available = more producersproducers can grow and reproduce. can grow and reproduce. This sudden increase in producers can This sudden increase in producers can disruptdisrupt the equilibrium of ecosystems the equilibrium of ecosystems (throw them off balance)(throw them off balance)

A. Caused by large input of a limiting A. Caused by large input of a limiting nutrient nutrient (due to runoff from fertilized (due to runoff from fertilized

fields)fields) the result is an increase in the the result is an increase in the

amount of amount of algaealgae and other and other producers. producers.

Green, yellowish-brown, or red Green, yellowish-brown, or red colorcolor

B. More nutrients available = more B. More nutrients available = more producersproducers can grow and reproduce. can grow and reproduce. This sudden increase in producers can This sudden increase in producers can disruptdisrupt the equilibrium of ecosystems the equilibrium of ecosystems (throw them off balance)(throw them off balance)

Algal BloomsAlgal Blooms C. Why are they harmful?C. Why are they harmful?

As more algae and plants As more algae and plants grow, others grow, others diedie..This dead matter = food for This dead matter = food for

bacteria that decompose it.bacteria that decompose it.With more food available, With more food available,

the bacteria increase in the bacteria increase in number and use up the number and use up the oxygen in the water.oxygen in the water.OxygenOxygen supply decreases supply decreases

and many fish and aquatic and many fish and aquatic insects cannot survive.insects cannot survive.

This results in a This results in a dead areadead area..

C. Why are they harmful?C. Why are they harmful?As more algae and plants As more algae and plants

grow, others grow, others diedie..This dead matter = food for This dead matter = food for

bacteria that decompose it.bacteria that decompose it.With more food available, With more food available,

the bacteria increase in the bacteria increase in number and use up the number and use up the oxygen in the water.oxygen in the water.OxygenOxygen supply decreases supply decreases

and many fish and aquatic and many fish and aquatic insects cannot survive.insects cannot survive.

This results in a This results in a dead areadead area..

Diversity of Plantlike Protists

Diversity of Plantlike Protists

Euglena- large single-cells that swim with the aid of 1 or 2 flagellaCan have animal and plant features

Pellicle (flexible covering on their cell surface that allows cell to change shape)

Dinoflagellates- single cells (90% marine plankton)2 flagella (one in front and one in back)Some are bioluminescent

Produce light through a series of chemical reactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5ESHXKGBvA

Euglena- large single-cells that swim with the aid of 1 or 2 flagellaCan have animal and plant features

Pellicle (flexible covering on their cell surface that allows cell to change shape)

Dinoflagellates- single cells (90% marine plankton)2 flagella (one in front and one in back)Some are bioluminescent

Produce light through a series of chemical reactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5ESHXKGBvA

Red TidesRed Tides

D. Harmful algal blooms in oceans that cause harm through the production of toxins

D. Harmful algal blooms in oceans that cause harm through the production of toxins

DiatomsDiatoms

tiny single celled algae covered in patterned glasslike shells

tiny single celled algae covered in patterned glasslike shells

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zsdYOgTbOk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CibGFo0RHIw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA Amoeba

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsYpngBG394

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zsdYOgTbOk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CibGFo0RHIw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA Amoeba

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsYpngBG394

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284