Ch 4 the Muscular System

Overview

Muscles: my/o, myos/o> Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat.

Fascia: fasci/o> Cover, support, and separate muscles.

Tendons: ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o> Attach muscle to bone

Types of muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscles: Attach to bones of the skeleton and are the

muscles that make possible body motions.

Smooth Muscle: Located in internal organs>stomach, intestines, blood vessels. Their function is to move fluids.

Cardiac Muscle: Forms the muscular wall of the heart.

Type I Muscle Fibers- slow twitch: Endurance

Type II Muscle Fibers-fast twich: Power

Muscle Motions Abduction: moves away from

the midline

Flexion: (bending) decreases an angle as in bending a joint

Elevation: raises a body part

Rotation: Turns a bone on its own axis

Supination: turn the palm upward or forward

Dorsiflexion: bends the foot upward at the ankle

Adduction: moves toward the midline

Extension: (straightening) increases an angle as in sraightening a joint

Depression: lowers a body part

Circumduction: rotate in a circle

Pronation: turn the palm downward

Plantar flexion: bends the foot downward at the ankle

Ch 4 Terms

fasci/o fascia, fibrous band

kinesi/o movement

my/o muscle

tax/o coordination, order

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

rrhexis- rupture

hemi half

-plegia paralysis, stroke

sub- below

tri three

Words Fascitits> inflammation of a fascia (tissue)

Kinesiology> is the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts

Myectomy> surgical removal of a portion of a muscle

Dystaxia> difficulty in controlling voluntary movement

Tendonitis> inflammation of the tendon caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Myorrhexis> rupture of a muscle

Quadriplegia> paralysis of all four extremities

Hemiparesis> slight paralysis of one side of the body

Subscapularis> muscle in the front of the scapula

Triceps> back of the upper arm with three divisions: long, medial, and lateral heads