chapter 14, section 1 how a community handles...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 14, Section 1 231
Chapter 14, Section 1
How a Community Handles Issues(Pages 324–327)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• How do community leaders make public policy?
• What factors must community leaders consider when making public policy?
As you read pages 324–327 in your textbook, complete the web diagram by
listing the factors that community leaders must consider when making public
policy.
Factors to Consider
in Making Public Policy
Preview this selection to get an idea of what is ahead.
First skim the sections about making public policy. Then
write a sentence or two explaining what you think you will
be learning. After you have finished reading, revise your
statements as necessary.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Define the following academic vocabulary word from this
lesson.
Use each of these terms that you studies previously in a
sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.
232 Chapter 14, Section 1
positive
estate
public policy
Making Public Policy (pages 324-325)
founded(Chapter 4, Section 4)
policy(Chapter 7, Section 4)
What is the difference between school policy and public
policy?
As you read, complete the chart with information about
how communities plan for the future
Chapter 14, Section 1 233
Planning for the Future (pages 325–327)
Short-Term & Long-Term
Plans:
Evaluating Priorities &
Resources:
Creating a Master Plan:
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Define the following academic vocabulary words from this
lesson.
Why must government leaders consider community resources
before creating a master plan?
234 Chapter 14, Section 1
construct
anticipate
infrastructure
priorities
resources
master plan
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
How do community leaders make public policy?
What factors must community leaders consider when making public
policy?
Chapter 14, Section 1 235
236 Chapter 14, Section 2
Chapter 14, Section 2
Education and Social Issues(Pages 329–333)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What are the challenges faced by local school districts?
• How does the government protect Americans’ safety and welfare?
As you read pages 329–333 in your textbook, complete the web diagram by list-
ing the challenges that local school districts face.
School District
Challenges
Complete this outline as you read.
I. Charter Schools
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
II. The Voucher Controversy
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
III. Privatization
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
IV. The Rise of Mass Testing
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Chapter 14, Section 2 237
charter schools
tuition vouchers
Public Education (pages 329–332)
Use each of the following academic vocabulary words in a
sentence that reflects the word’s meaning.
Why are school vouchers controversial?
As you read, write the main idea of the passage. Review
your statement when you have finished reading, and revise
as needed.
238 Chapter 14, Section 2
impose
fundamental
Crime (page 332)
Define the following academic vocabulary word from this
lesson.
What is community policing?
As you read, number the development of Temporary
Assistance for Needy Families in the correct order.
1. Federal government gives money to states that eventually gets
passed to poor people
2. Number of people on welfare dropped to just over 6 million
3. Congress passed TANF
Define the following academic vocabulary words from this
lesson.
Chapter 14, Section 2 239
aid
period
Social Programs (page 333)
ratio
Circle the letter of the word that has the closest meaning
to the underlined term that you studied in a previous lesson.
1. The debate seemed to go on forever!
a. discussion b. presentation c. lecture
2. This project will take a considerable amount of time.
a. unfortunate b. dangerous c. significant
What do welfare programs do?
240 Chapter 14, Section 2
debate(Chapter 1, Section 4)
considerable(Chapter 2, Section 1)
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What are the challenges faced by local school districts?
How does the government protect Americans’ safety and welfare?
Chapter 14, Section 2 241
242 Chapter 14, Section 3
Chapter 14, Section 3
Environmental Issues(Pages 334–337)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What is environmentalism?
• How has the government tried to stop air and water pollution?
As you read pages 334–337 in your textbook, fill in the web diagram by compar-
ing and contrasting the processes of recycling and conservation.
BothRecycling Conservation
As you read, write three details about environmentalism.
Then write a general statement on the basis of these
details.
1.
2.
3.
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Chapter 14, Section 3 243
solid waste
recycling
conservation
The Emergence of Environmentalism (pages 334–335)
GeneralStatement
Define the following academic vocabulary words from this
lesson.
What is the difference between recycling and conserving?
As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so
will help you summarize the section.
1. Byproducts of ______________ create hazardous waste.
2. ______________ ______________ is the most dangerous form.
3. It is estimated that only ______________ percent of hazardous waste
is properly disposed of.
Define the following academic vocabulary words from this
lesson.
244 Chapter 14, Section 3
environment
inspect
nuclear
dispose
Threat of Hazardous Waste (page 336)
As you read, write three questions about protecting the air
and water. After you have finished reading, write the
answers to these questions.
1.
2.
3.
Define the following academic vocabulary word from this
lesson.
How are local governments trying to persuade Americans to
drive less?
Chapter 14, Section 3 245
nevertheless
Protecting the Air and Water (pages 336–337)
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What is environmentalism?
How has the government tried to stop air and water pollution?
246 Chapter 14, Section 3
Chapter 15, Section 1 247
Chapter 15, Section 1
The Sources of Our Laws(Pages 344–347)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What are the functions of law?
• What early laws influenced modern legal systems?
As you read pages 344–347 in your textbook, complete the web diagram by
noting the early laws upon which modern legal systems are based.
Early Laws
As you read, write the main idea of the passage. Review
your statement when you have finished reading, and revise
as needed.
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
What are the purposes of laws?
Complete this outline as you read.
I. Code of Hammurabi
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
248 Chapter 15, Section 1
generation
draft
Functions of Law (pages 344–345)
Early Law (pages 345–347)
B. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
II. Roman Law
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
D. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
III. English Law
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
Chapter 15, Section 1 249
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Use these academic vocabulary words in a sentence that
reflects the word’s meaning.
Why was the Code of Hammurabi an important development?
250 Chapter 15, Section 1
common law
precedent
statute
jurisprudence
code
equivalent
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What are the functions of law?
What early laws influenced modern legal systems?
Chapter 15, Section 1 251
252 Chapter 15, Section 2
Chapter 15, Section 2
Types of Laws(Pages 348–351)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What actions do various kinds of law govern?
• How do various kinds of law differ?
As you read pages 348–351 in your textbook, complete the graphic organizer by
defining the different kinds of law.
Different Kinds
of Law
As you read, write three questions about criminal and civil
law. After you have finished reading, write the answers to
these questions.
1.
2.
3.
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Chapter 15, Section 2 253
felony
misdemeanor
lawsuit
Criminal and Civil Law (pages 348–350)
Define these academic vocabulary words.
Use each of these terms that you studied previously in a
sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.
What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
254 Chapter 15, Section 2
defendant (Chapter 12, Section 4)
torts
assume
file
plaintiff (Chapter 12, Section 4)
plagiarism
As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so
will help you summarize the section.
1. Public law is also known as ______________ law.
2. ______________ law is an element of public law that deals with the
rules and regulations that government agencies of the executive
branch must issue.
3. The U.S. Congress and state and local legislatures write thousands of
______________ laws.
Define each of these terms that you studied previously in a
sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.
Scan this section to pinpoint some key words or phrases in
the selection. Then write two facts about international law.
1.
2.
Chapter 15, Section 2 255
issue (Chapter 7, Section 2)
Public Law (pages 350–351)
element (Chapter 6, Section 4)
International Law (page 351)
What is an example of a case involving international law?
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What actions do various kinds of law govern?
How do various kinds of law differ?
256 Chapter 15, Section 2
Chapter 15, Section 3 257
Chapter 15, Section 3
The American Legal System(Pages 352–358)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What legal protections are guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution?
• What are the rights of people accused of a crime?
As you read pages 352–358 in your textbook, complete the web diagram by list-
ing the legal protections enjoyed by Americans that are included in Article I and
the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution.
Legal Protection Included
in Article I and the
Bill of Rights
Before you read this selection, read its title and then skim
the page to get a general idea of its contents. Then write a
sentence or two describing what you think you will be
learning. After you have finished reading, revise your
statements as necessary.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Define the following academic vocabulary word from this
lesson.
Define each of these terms that you studied previously.
258 Chapter 15, Section 3
transfer
due process of law
Legal Protections in the U.S. Constitution (pages 352–354)
stare decisis (Chapter 8, Section 4)
writ of habeas corpus(Chapter 6, Section 2)
bill of attainder
(Chapter 6, Section 2)
ex post facto law
(Chapter 6, Section 2)
Why is the writ of habeas corpus an important right?
Complete this outline as you read.
I. Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
II. Fifth Amendment: Self-Incrimination, Double Jeopardy, and Grand
Juries
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
III. Sixth Amendment: Legal Counsel and Trials
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
Chapter 15, Section 3 259
Rights of People Accused of Crimes (pages 354–358)
D. __________________________________________________________
E. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
IV. Eighth Amendment: Punishment and Bail
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
i. ____________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Define each of the following academic vocabulary words
from this lesson.
260 Chapter 15, Section 3
search warrant
indicate
volume
Define each of these terms that you studied previously.
Why must police be aware of the exclusionary rule when
investigating crimes?
As you read, complete the chart with information about
how we fulfill our legal responsibilities.
Chapter 15, Section 3 261
doublejeopardy
(Chapter 4, Section 2)
grand jury (Chapter 4, Section 2)
bail (Chapter 4, Section 2)
Our Legal Responsibilities (page 358)
Our Legal
Responsibilities
What are the legal responsibilities of Americans?
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What legal protections are guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution?
What are the rights of people accused of a crime?
262 Chapter 15, Section 3
Chapter 16, Section 1 263
Chapter 16, Section 1
Civil Cases(Pages 364–367)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What are the various types of civil law?
• What are the steps in a civil lawsuit?
As you read pages 364–367 in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer by
showing the steps in a civil lawsuit.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so
will help you summarize the section.
1. ______________ lawsuits that deal with damages under a few thousand
dollars are handled in ______________ ______________ court.
2. A person files a ______________ lawsuit when someone has been
injured.
3. ______________ in ______________ are resolved on the grounds of
fairness in matters for which no ______________ already exists.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Circle the letter of the phrase that has the closest meaning
to the underlined term that you studied in a previous
lesson.
1. The plaintiff claims negligence.
a. party that is being sued
b. party that pays damages
c. party that files lawsuit
2. The defendant claimed no responsibility in the lawsuit.
a. party that is being sued
b. party that is injured
c. party that files lawsuit
What do civil lawsuits usually involve?
264 Chapter 16, Section 1
defendant (Chapter 12, Section 4)
injunction
Types of Civil Lawsuits (pages 364–365)
plaintiff (Chapter 12, Section 4)
Complete this outline as you read.
I. Bringing Suit
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
II. The Defendant’s Response
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
III. Pretrial Discussions
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
D. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
IV. Trial
A. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
Chapter 16, Section 1 265
What Happens in a Civil Case? (pages 365–367)
B. __________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
V. Appeal
A. __________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
Why are most civil cases settled before they go to trial?
266 Chapter 16, Section 1
complaint
summons
medical
compensate
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What are the various types of civil law?
What are the steps in a civil lawsuit?
Chapter 16, Section 1 267
268 Chapter 16, Section 2
Chapter 16, Section 2
Criminal Cases(Pages 368–373)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What are the general types of criminal cases?
• What procedures do criminal cases follow?
As you read pages 368–373 in your textbook, complete the graphic organizer
by outlining the procedures that take place in a criminal case after an arrest
is made.
Steps in Criminal Cases
As you read, write three questions about the types of crim-
inal cases. After you have finished reading, write the
answers to these questions.
1.
2.
3.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Use each of these academic vocabulary words in a sentence
that reflects the word’s meaning.
Chapter 16, Section 2 269
crime
unique
purchase
Types of Cases (pages 368–370)
What does it mean if a prisoner is granted parole?
As you read, number the steps involved in the development
of a criminal case in the correct order.
1. The prosecution and defense present their cases.
2. The prosecution shows probably cause for believing
the accused committed the crime.
3. The jurors review the evidence.
4. The prosecution requests a retrial.
5. The defense lawyer interviews witnesses and studies
the pertinent laws.
6. A police officer reads the suspect his or her rights
7. The judge explains the law that relates to the case.
8. The suspect is charged with a crime.
9. The judge declares a hung jury.
10. The defendant enters a plea during arraignment.
270 Chapter 16, Section 2
What Happens in a Criminal Case? (pages 370–373)
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Circle the letter of the term that has the closest meaning
to the underlined word.
1. A preliminary investigation should reveal the sheer size of this case.
a. initial b. soon c. long
2. Be sure to select the ripest apple in the basket.
a. grab b. choose c. eat
What does the defendant do during the arraignment?
Chapter 16, Section 2 271
testimony
cross-examine
acquittal
hung jury
preliminary
select
arraignment
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What are the general types of criminal cases?
What procedures do criminal cases follow?
272 Chapter 16, Section 2
Chapter 16, Section 3 273
Chapter 16, Section 3
Young People and the Courts(Pages 375–378)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What are the stages in the juvenile justice system?
• What role does rehabilitation play in the juvenile justice system?
As you read pages 375–378 in your textbook, complete the web diagram by
writing how juveniles and adults are treated differently in the American criminal
system.
BothJuvenile Offenders Adult Offenders
Scan this section to locate some key words or phrases in
the selection. Then write two facts about the causes of
juvenile delinquency.
1.
2.
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Define the following academic vocabulary word from this
lesson.
As you read, write three details about the stages in the
juvenile justice system. Then write a general statement on
the basis of these details.
1.
2.
274 Chapter 16, Section 3
somewhat
juvenile
juvenile delinquent
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency (page 375)
Stages in the Juvenile Justice System (pages 376–378)
3.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
Define each of these terms that you studied previously.
What does it mean to “divert” a juvenile from the court
system?
As you read, write the main idea of the passage. Review
your statement when you have finished reading, and revise
as needed.
Chapter 16, Section 3 275
rehabilitate
involve (Chapter 3, Section 3)
emphasis (Chapter 1, Section 2)
General Statement
Supreme Court Rules (page 378)
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
Why was the Gault case important?
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for
Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
What are the stages in the juvenile justice system?
What role does rehabilitation play in the juvenile justice system?
276 Chapter 16, Section 3
adult
impact