INSTRUCTIONALMATERIALS

ANDDISPLAYSUsing Media to Engage

Learners

CHAPTER 8

MEMBERS OF GROUP

Trichelle Small

Claudette Mc Pherson

Monique Toby

Wynnell Caesar

Shonelle Adams

INTRODUCTION

This chapter introduces the technologies and media that can support and enhance student learning:

- be used to promote student learning in a dynamic way

- make lessons more realistic and engaging

- involve learners with instructional materials

- lead students to construct displays and dioramas

- present students with manipulatives and worksheets in digital form

The ASSURE Classroom Challenge

Instruction using this model utilizes:

Learning Centers

Instructional Modules

Manipulatives

Print Materials

Display Surfaces

Exhibits

LEARNING CENTERS

LEARNING CENTERS- are self-contained environments designed to promote

individual or small-group learning focused on a specific topic

- can be simple (to promote student discussion or hands on activities)

- can be complex (connected computers for collaborative research or problem solving)

- address the issue of educating students of varying levels of abilities

LEARNING CENTERS…cont’d

Advantages

Limitations

LEARNING CENTERS

These methods of Integration were identified:

- Skill Centers

- Remedial Centers

- Enrichment Centers

- Computer and Learning Centers

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

INTSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

- are self-contained instructional units for use by a single/small group of learners without a teacher’s presence.

- facilitates learning without constant supervision

- must be used to promote student learning in a dynamic way

- are presented in printed, audiovisual or computer-based form

USES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

- gain student’s attention

- introduce a topic

- present new content

- provide practice with feedback activities

- test for mastery.

- assign follow-up remediation or enrichment

- all instructional management procedures must be provided

COMPONENTS OFINSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

Rationale

Objectives

Entry Test

Multimedia Material

Learning Activities

Practice with Feedback

Self Test

Post-Test

INTEGRATED LEARNING SYSTEMS (ILS)

- a networked set of computer work stations with software/online access to a particular set of sequential lessons or modules.

- are integrated and correlated

- all tests are matched to the activities and objectives

- management software gathers and stores all information about student progress and supplies teachers/administrators with reports

INTSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

Advantages

Limitations

INTEGRATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

MANIPULATIVES

MANIPULATIVES

These are objects that:

- can be viewed and handled in a learning setting.

- attract students’ attention and promote learning by handling and inspection

TYPES OFMANIPULATIVES

Real Objects that may be used as they are or may be modified to enhance the instruction. (e.g. coins, tool, plants)

Models are three dimensional representations of real objects and can be modified (e.g. using color) to highlight important details and can be taken apart and re-constructed

Mock-ups are simplified versions of complex devices that highlight essential elements and eliminate distracting details.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND

MANIPULATIVES

MULTIMEDIA KITS

- is a collection of teaching/learning materials that involve more than one type of medium organized around a single topic.

- more especially real objects, models and mock-ups

USES OFMULTIMEDIA KITS

By Teacher/s:

- for presentations (allows students to touch, observe, . experiment, wonder and decide)

By Student/s:

- for individual or small-group work

MULTIMEDIA KITS…cont’d

Advantages

Limitations

INTEGRATION

Manipulatives are best suited for instruction that guides students to learn by:

- Discovery

- Exploration

PRINTED MATERIALS

PRINTED MATERIALS

- are materials presented on paper whether fiction or non-fiction e.g. books, booklets, worksheets etc.

- textbooks are the most utilized form

PRINTED MATERIALS

Advantages

Limitations

INTEGRATION OFPRINTED MATERIALS

Printed materials are used to present information:

- for discussions or questioning (in-class reading activities)

- for tests (handouts)- for clarification after a lesson (reference

book/magazine)

DISPLAY SURFACES

DISPLAY SURFACES

- are surfaces used to exhibit visual materials in a way that allows all students to view them simultaneously

- are used to support the verbal communication

TYPES OFDISPLAY SURFACES

Chalkboards and Whiteboards

Electronic Whiteboards

Bulletin Boards

Cloth Boards

Magnetic Boards

Flip Charts

CHALKBOARDS AND WHITEBOARDS

Chalkboards (Blackboards) are:- the most commonly used display surface in the

classroom- found in a variety of colours

Whiteboards (Multipurpose /Marker Boards) :- use a special erasable marker and felt eraser- not suitable for video/Power Point slides- some may be used as a magnetic board

Both are used to draw visuals or post up pictures and other images.

ELECTRONIC WHITEBOARDS

Electronic Whiteboards:

- allows you to capture any information written on them in digital form

- works in conjunction with a computer- may contain multiple screens or frames

There are two types:

- Standard- Interactive

BULLETIN BOARDS

These are:

- made of material that allows sharp fasteners to be used without damaging the surface

- surfaces on which brief news, announcements, etc. are posted for public notice

They are used for:

- Decoration- Motivation- Instruction

CLOTH BOARDS

These are:

- made cloth (flannel, felt or hook and loop) stretched over a sturdy backing material (plywood, masonite or heavy cardboard)

- boards that use course materials to attach and present visuals

MAGNETIC BOARDS

These are:

- metal surfaces that use magnets to secure visuals in place

FLIP CHARTS

These are:

- large sheets of paper fastened together at the top and mounted to an easel

- arranged in sequential order

- most commonly used to present key illustrations/words that compliment a presentation/lesson

- use illustrations and words as reminders of next point

EXHIBITS

EXHIBITS

These :- are collections of various objects and visuals designed

to form an integrated whole for instructional purposes- may include real objects, models and mock-ups

They can be:- Simple (set up on a table, shelf or desk)- Complex (a booth or entire bookcase)

TYPES OF EXHIBITS

Field Trips

Displays

Dioramas

FIELD TRIPSThese are:

- pleasure trips outside of the classroom to study real processes, people and objects

- trips that require lead-in (prepares) and follow-up (reflection) activities

These trips do not:

- always present students with the opportunity to manipulate phenomena

- necessarily have to take students outside of the classroom

DISPLAYS

These are presentations that:

- consist of an array of objects, visuals and printed materials

- foster retention and sharpening of visual skills

DIORAMAS

These are:

- static displays that consists of a three dimensional foreground and flat background to create a realistic scene or setting

- designed to reproduce past/present scenes and depict future ones

- used to illustrate prehistoric and geological formations