Chemical Compounds Chemical Compounds in Cellsin Cells

Chapter 3, Section 3Chapter 3, Section 3

VocabularyVocabulary Elements – a substance that cannot be Elements – a substance that cannot be

broken down into simpler substancesbroken down into simpler substances Compound – 2 or more elements Compound – 2 or more elements

chemically combinedchemically combined Carbohydrate – an energy-rich Carbohydrate – an energy-rich

compound made of the elements compound made of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)(O)

Lipids – Energy-rich organic compound, Lipids – Energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of C,H,OC,H,O

Protein – Large organic molecule made Protein – Large organic molecule made of C, O, H, Nitrogen (N) and sometimes of C, O, H, Nitrogen (N) and sometimes sulfur (S)sulfur (S)

Amino Acids – a small molecule that is Amino Acids – a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteinsto form proteins

Enzyme – type of protein that speeds Enzyme – type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in living thingsup a chemical reaction in living things

Nucleic Acids – long organic molecules Nucleic Acids – long organic molecules made of C, O, H , N and Phosphorus made of C, O, H , N and Phosphorus (P). Contain the instructions that a cell (P). Contain the instructions that a cell needs to carry out all the functions of needs to carry out all the functions of life.life.

DNA – genetic material that carries DNA – genetic material that carries information from parent to offspringinformation from parent to offspring

RNA – important role in the RNA – important role in the productions of proteinsproductions of proteins

Gold KeysGold Keys An element is any substance that An element is any substance that

cannot be broken down into simpler cannot be broken down into simpler substancessubstances

When two or more elements combine When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compoundchemically, they form a compound

Most chemical reactions within cells, Most chemical reactions within cells, could not take place without watercould not take place without water

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important groups of nucleic acids are important groups of organic compounds in living thingsorganic compounds in living things

In addition to providing energy for the In addition to providing energy for the cell, carbohydrates are important cell, carbohydrates are important components of some cell partscomponents of some cell parts

In addition to their functions as an In addition to their functions as an energy source, lipids also make up energy source, lipids also make up most of the cell membranemost of the cell membrane

The proteins known as enzymes The proteins known as enzymes perform important functions in the perform important functions in the chemical reactions that take place in chemical reactions that take place in cellscells

Nucleic acids contain the instructions Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the that cells need to carry out all the functions of lifefunctions of life

General NotesGeneral Notes Smallest unit of an element is the atomSmallest unit of an element is the atom An element is made up of only one kind An element is made up of only one kind

of atomof atom Elements found in living things include Elements found in living things include

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur and sulfur

Smallest unit of many compounds is a Smallest unit of many compounds is a moleculemolecule

Water helps cells keep their size and Water helps cells keep their size and shape (no water = deflated balloon)shape (no water = deflated balloon)

Water helps keep the temperature of Water helps keep the temperature of cells from changing rapidlycells from changing rapidly

Inorganic Compound = No carbonInorganic Compound = No carbon Organic Compound = contains carbonOrganic Compound = contains carbon Cells store energy in lipids for later Cells store energy in lipids for later

useuse Much of the structure of cells is made Much of the structure of cells is made

of proteinsof proteins Without enzymes – chemical Without enzymes – chemical

reactions that are necessary for life reactions that are necessary for life would take too long or not occur at all would take too long or not occur at all (saliva speeds up digestion)(saliva speeds up digestion)

Most of the DNA in a cell is found Most of the DNA in a cell is found in the chromatin in the nucleusin the chromatin in the nucleus

RNA is found in the cytoplasm as RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleuswell as in the nucleus