Chemistry 1 First semester Exam review.

1. Which precaution should you take when you see this symbol?

2. Which precaution should you take when you see this safety symbol?

3. Give an example of a qualitative measurement?

4. These three solid blocks are made of the same material and have the exact same dimensions. Which block has the greatest mass?

5. What happens to your mass and weight when you fly 10 km above the Earth’s surface?

6. Which part of the Earth’s atmosphere includes the air we breathe?

A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect of adding salt on the boiling temperature of water. The results are shown below. Sample Amount of Salt Boiling Temperature Sample 1 0 g 100.0° C Sample 2 2 g 102.3° C Sample 3 5 g 104.8° C Sample 4 10 g 107.5° C

7. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

8. Which is a value that should remain constant for all samples in this experiment?

9. Which is the control in this experiment?

10. What is a reasonable hypothesis for this experiment?

11. Which appliances increase CFCs in the atmosphere?

12. Which properties of matter can be explained on a submicroscopic level?

14. Give an example of quantitative data?

15. Earth attracts all objects to its surface. This statement is a(n) ____.

16. In the atmosphere, what reacts with free chlorine atoms?

17. In 1989, global use of CFCs began to dramatically decline. What was the immediate effect of this on CFC concentration in the atmosphere over Antarctica?

18. Which is the correct measurement for the location marked by the arrow?

19. The accepted value is 1.43. Correctly describe this student’s experimental data? Trial Measurement 1 1.29 2 1.93 3 0.88

20. Which is the term used for the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance?

21. Which is an appropriate unit for measuring density?

22. Which term describes the amount of mass contained per unit volume?

23. An object has a mass of 26.94 grams and a volume of 2.568 cubic centimeters. What material is it likely to be made of? Substance iron gold silver copper Density (g/cm3) 7.874 19.32 10.49 8.92

24. Write 3 different values that each has 4 significant digits.

25. The accepted value for the density of iron is 7.87 g/cm3. A student records the mass of a 20.00 cm3 block of iron as 146.8 grams. What is the percent error for the density measurement?

26. What is the value associated with the prefix nano-?

27. Which is the sum of these values, to the appropriate number of significant digits? 19.328 + 6.202 + 14.84 =

28. Which is the product of these numbers, to the appropriate number of significant digits? 36.9 × 6.2037 =

29. How many significant digits are in the value 530,905,600?

30. The product of 1.5 × 106 cm and 3.5 × 10–10 cm, expressed in scientific notation is:

31. A meniscus must be considered when making which type of measurements?

32. A student recorded the temperature of a solution every 30 s for 3 min while the solution was being heated. Without drawing an actual graph, describe a traditional graph of the given data.

33. Which is the state of matter that has an indefinite shape and definite volume?

34. Which is the state of matter that has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume?

35.Which is the state of matter shown in this figure?

36. Which is the state of matter shown in this figure?

37. What is an extensive physical property? Give two examples.

39. What is the change of state in which a gas becomes a liquid?

40. Which describes the composition of matter shown in the first figure?

41. Which describes the composition of matter shown in the second and third figures?

42. How many individual atoms make up one unit of aluminum chloride, AlCl3?

43. Define and give an example of a homogeneous mixture.

44. What is the separation technique that identifies parts of a mixture based on how fast different compounds move across a material?

45. Define and give an example of a compound.

46. A 35.0-gram sample of magnesium oxide contains 19.8 grams of magnesium. What is the percent of oxygen by mass in this compound?

47. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, in any chemical change the mass of the products is equal to what?

48. What are some chemical properties of copper?

49. Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is known as a(n) ____.

50. What is an alloy? Give several examples.

51. What is a mixture? List several examples.

52. What are the three parts of an atom?

53. Which subatomic particle has a charge of +1?

Atoms

Atom Protons Neutrons Electrons 1 8 10 8 2 10 9 10 3 9 9 9 4 8 11 8

54. Which two atoms have the same mass?

55. Which type of nuclear decay releases the type of particle shown?

Atoms

Atom Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass Number Sodium 12 23

Chlorine 17 17 35

56. How many neutrons are in an atom of chlorine?

57. How many electrons are in an neutral atom of sodium?

58. What is the mass number of the atom shown?

59. What is the correct symbol for this atom?

60. What is the correct symbol for the atom with 42 protons and 49 neutrons?

61. What is the number of protons in ?

62. Which is the number of neutrons in ?

63. Which element has 17 protons?

64. An atom has 23 protons and 29 neutrons. Write the correct chemical symbol for this atom.

65. What is the composition and electric charge of a beta particle?

66. Using a periodic table, how many protons does chromium have?

67. Which label identifies the amplitude of the wave shown?

68. Which type of orbital is shown?

69. What is the correct number of valence electrons in the element Gallium (Ga)?

70. Use Plank’s constant, 6.626 × 10-34, to solve the following: What is the amount of energy carried by a photon that has a frequency of 5.71 × 1011 Hz?

71. Which process is illustrated below?

72. What is the name for the elements in Group II?

73. Which category of elements is commonly used to make computer chips and solar cells due to their ability to conduct electricity only under certain conditions?

74. Which region contains the halogen family of elements?

75. Which region contains elements with two valence electrons?

76. Which region contains elements with an electron configuration that ends with p3?

77. Which block on the periodic table contains the actinide series of elements?

78. Which diagram correctly depicts the general trend in atomic radius?

79. Which element has an electron configuration that ends in the third energy level?

80. Which block is element Y most likely found in? Element Block Characteristics

X s Soft, shiny grey metal; highly reactive, lightweight

Y ? Liquid at room temperature; has the highest electronegativity in its period

Z p Used as a semiconductor due to its electricity-conducting properties

81. Determine in each pair which atom or ion is largest. K, Cs Cl, Si F-, F Na+, N

82. Identify the period and group numbers of the element with the electron configuration. [Ne]3s23p5

83. Elements in the same group have the same number of what?

84. Which metalloid is in the fourth period and the same group as Nitrogen?

85. Which is the most important characteristic in determining an element’s chemical properties?

86. Which group will have an electron configuration that ends in ns1?

87. In the diagram above, 15.999 refers to the element’s what?

88. Which ion is this atom most likely to form?

89. When an acid spills during an experiment, the first thing you should do is

90. What is a valence electron?

91. Which is the correct formula for the ionic compound that results from these two atoms?

92. Which is the charge that results when oxygen becomes an ion?

93. Group 13 elements tend to acquire which charge when they form ions?

94. Which is a physical property of ionic compounds in their solid state?

95. Which is the largest atom: Be, Ne, Fr or I?

96. Which piece of lab equipment would you use to measure the mass of an object?

97. Which piece of lab equipment would you use to measure liquid volume?

98. Which rule/principle states that electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy level to highest?

99. Which rule/princple states that electrons occupying the same orbital must spin in opposite directions?

100. Which element has the electron configuration: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d9

101. Which category of elements have the property of being malleable and ductile?

102. Which region is referred to as the f-block on the diagram?

103. Which is the halogen that is in Period 5?

104. Which property describes how much energy must be added to an atom to remove an outermost electron?

105. Which kind of graph would be best to use with these data? Amount of Salt added

0 g 2 g 5 g 10 g 15 g

Boiling temperature, °C

99.7 101.2 102.4 106.9 108.3

106. Which term is described as the amount of matter in an object?

107. Which is the correct value for the prefix deci-?

108. Which is the correct conversion for a temperature of 67.3°C?

109. A bottle contains 7.100 mL of a liquid. The total mass of the bottle and the liquid together is 4.300 g. The mass of the empty bottle is 1.240 g. What is the density of the liquid?

110. According to rounding rules for addition, the sum of 22.1, 37.538, and 31.68 is ____.