chw3u - law unit 1 history of the law. pp#3 victor nesrallah source: gibson, murphy, jarman and...
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CHW3U - Law
Unit 1 History of the Law. PP#3
Victor Nesrallah
Source: Gibson, Murphy, Jarman and Grant, . ALL ABOUT THE LAW Exploring the Canadian Legal System. 5th. Toronto: Nelson, 2003. Print. Pp10-19
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Early History
Laws based on local customs and beliefs
Were simply, verbal and based in common sense
As societies grew and became more complex, so did their laws. Needed to be written down
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Code of Hammurabi (Babylonian King, 3800 years ago)
Took nearly 300 laws and recorded them in a way that could be understood by his citizens
One of earliest records of written law
Codification – process of arranging written laws so they can be understood Categories (family,
criminal, property…) Judges could match
offense and punishment by looking at the written ‘code’
‘Code’ principles the strong should not injure the
weak Retribution – Every crime
deserved a punishment (eye for an eye)
cuneiform
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Code of Hammurabi (column of stone)
Created about 3800 years ago
Discovered in 1901
Modern Day Iraq
Kept at the Louvre in Paris, France
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Moses and Mosaic Law Centuries after Hammurabi
Laws given to Moses – make up the first five books of the Old Testament (613 laws or ‘mitzvot’) – including the ‘Ten Commandments”
Holds a central position in both the Jewish and Christian faiths
Punishmens of Mosaic law were severe
Student Activity: (Handout) Compare and contrast Code of Hammurabi and Mosaic Law
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Roman Law Began by early
Romans – became the basis of law for Western Europe (except England)
As the Roman Empire grew so did the complexity and number of its laws
New profession devoted to the
study of legal matters developed - Law
Roman Empire (100CE – 500CE)
Byzantine emperor Justinian (527-564CE) codified 1000 years of Roman law to create the “Justinian Code”
Laws emphasized equality – that the law should be fair and just, and that all people are equal under the law, regardless of their wealth or power
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Napoleonic Code Napoleon Bonaparte - 1804 French Civil Code Established civil law (French law based in both Roman law and the Justinian Code)
Emphasized equality and justice
Napoleon conquered much of Europe during the early 1800
Napoleonic Code therefore became the model for many European countries
Today is the basis of law in many modern democratic countries including Canada (Quebec
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Recap – textbook pages 10-12
1. Explain the significance of the Code of Hammurabi.
2. Compare the concepts of retribution and restitution. Which concept is more likely to be considered in the area of criminal law?
3. What is the Justinian Code?
4. Explain the significance of the French civil code to the development of Canadian law