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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Captopril_skeletal.svg

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SOURCES FOR THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

PLANTEXTRACTS

BACTERIALBROTHS

ANIMALVENOMS

SMALLMOLECULE

DRUGS

BIOLOGICALMOLECULES

PHARMACEUTICALS

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

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History of therapeutic agents

Regulation

Ancient remedies

Natural products (first half s XX)

Medicinal Chemistry (1950)

Biotechnology (1982)

Regulation

Regulation

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724 Drug stores: Arabian pharmacists in Bhagdag

s XIII First pharmacopeas

S XIX Drug stores converted into larger pharmaceutical companies

1906 FDA creation (misbranded foods and drugs)

1920 Insulin, Penicillin were mass manufactured and distributed

1938 Toxicity studies were required

1950 Numerous drugs: the pill, cortisone, blood pressure drugs,MAO inhibitors, Thorazine, Haloperidol or Diazepam.

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1960 Thalidomide

1962 Proof of efficacy was required

1970 Cancer drugs

1978 First production in India without protection

1980 Small biotech companies

1982 Rcombinant Insulin

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THALIDOMIDE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sulfanilamide-skeletal.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thalidomide-2D-skeletal-wavy.svg

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PRECLINICALSTUDIES

CLINICALSTUDIES

DEVELOPMENT

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ANAESTHETICS

ANALGESICS

ANTIDOTES

ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES ANTI-MIGRAINE MEDICINES

ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNODEPRESSIVES

ANTIPARKINSON MEDICINES

MEDICIENS AFFETING THE BLOOD BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES

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DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

DESINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

DIURETICS

GASTROINTESTITAL MEDICINES HORMONES

IMMUNOLOGICALS

MUSCLE RELAXANTS

OPHTALMIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS OXYTOCICS

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES

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MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY

TRACT

SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER,

ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

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SOURCES FOR THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

PLANTEXTRACTS

BACTERIALBROTHS

ANIMALVENOMS

SMALLMOLECULE

DRUGS

BIOLOGICALMOLECULES

PHARMACEUTICALS

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

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Hormones: insulin, growth hormone

Thrombolytic agents

Blood factors: factor VIII, factor IX Haematopietic growth:

Interferons

Interleukin based products

Monoclonal antibodies Antisense therapy

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Paradigm: Biological Actions are receptor mediated

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G1

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