Classical ConclusionsClassical Conclusions::Comparisons, Declines, & New DirectionsComparisons, Declines, & New Directions

Chapter 5Chapter 5Pg. 98-117Pg. 98-117

Expansion & IntegrationExpansion & Integration Political, territorial, & social integrationPolitical, territorial, & social integration

– China: centralization, common languageChina: centralization, common language

– India: HinduismIndia: Hinduism

– Mediterranean: weaker integration = more Mediterranean: weaker integration = more complete fall?complete fall?

Decline in ChinaDecline in China Characteristics of decline:Characteristics of decline:

– Nomadic invasionsNomadic invasions– Reduced intellectual creativityReduced intellectual creativity– Reduced government controlReduced government control– Overburdened peasantsOverburdened peasants– EpidemicsEpidemics

Postclassical preview:Postclassical preview:– Buddhism spreads, Daoism popularizedBuddhism spreads, Daoism popularized– Sui & Tang dynasties revive civilizationSui & Tang dynasties revive civilization

Decline in IndiaDecline in India Characteristics of decline:Characteristics of decline:

Least drastic due to vigor of trade & HinduismLeast drastic due to vigor of trade & Hinduism– Loss of central controlLoss of central control– Nomadic invasionsNomadic invasions

Postclassical preview:Postclassical preview:– Arab armies in NW IndiaArab armies in NW India– Hinduism popularizedHinduism popularized– Scientific & economic vigor declineScientific & economic vigor decline

Decline in RomeDecline in Rome Characteristics of decline:Characteristics of decline:

Most drastic due to lack of commonalitiesMost drastic due to lack of commonalities– Weak emperorsWeak emperors– EpidemicsEpidemics– Cultural decayCultural decay– Nomadic invasionNomadic invasion

– ExceptionsExceptions::DiocletianDiocletianConstantineConstantine

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Decline in RomeDecline in Rome Postclassical preview:Postclassical preview:

– East= continues as Byzantium, culturally East= continues as Byzantium, culturally strongstrong

– N. Af= power vacuumN. Af= power vacuum

– West= chaos, farmers offer land & labor to West= chaos, farmers offer land & labor to landlords for protectionlandlords for protection

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New Religious MapNew Religious Map End of classical period: rise & spread of End of classical period: rise & spread of

many major religionsmany major religions– InvasionsInvasions– EpidemicsEpidemics– TradeTrade

World religions begin displacing World religions begin displacing polytheistic & animistic faithspolytheistic & animistic faiths

Hinduism, Buddhism, DaoismHinduism, Buddhism, Daoism Buddhism spread to East & SE Asia Buddhism spread to East & SE Asia

while becoming increasingly:while becoming increasingly:– Led by monksLed by monks– Emotionally spiritualEmotionally spiritual– ArtisticArtistic– OrganizedOrganized– Based on prayer & ritualBased on prayer & ritual

Hinduism & Daoism gained popularityHinduism & Daoism gained popularity

Spread of BuddhismSpread of Buddhism

Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity By 325 CEBy 325 CE By 600 CEBy 600 CE

Christianity, IslamChristianity, Islam Christianity= beliefs & worship of JesusChristianity= beliefs & worship of Jesus

– 1 supreme God: trinity 1 supreme God: trinity – Spiritual dedication over worldly concernsSpiritual dedication over worldly concerns– Afterlife through belief, good deeds, ritualsAfterlife through belief, good deeds, rituals– Equality of all believersEquality of all believers– Intolerance of other beliefsIntolerance of other beliefs

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Christianity, IslamChristianity, Islam Spread due to disciples, organization, & Spread due to disciples, organization, &

historical contexthistorical context– Modeled Rome’s imperial governmentModeled Rome’s imperial government– Organized Bible & missionariesOrganized Bible & missionaries– Infrastructure made travel easyInfrastructure made travel easy

Significantly altered European cultureSignificantly altered European culture

Islam rises soon in postclassical eraIslam rises soon in postclassical era

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Global ConnectionsGlobal Connections Civ’s must face reviving institutionsCiv’s must face reviving institutions

Societies must react to new religionsSocieties must react to new religions

Civilization continued to spread to Civilization continued to spread to new societiesnew societies

International contacts accelerated in International contacts accelerated in the wake of classical declinethe wake of classical decline